Frontiers in oral health最新文献

{"title":"Physicochemical properties, biological chemistry and mechanisms of action of caries-arresting diammine-silver(I) fluoride and silver(I)-fluoride solutions for clinical use: a critical review\u0000†","authors":"Kayleigh Hunwin, Georgina Page, Mark Edgar, Adolfo Botana, Rachel Armitage, Mohammed Bhogadia, Unmesh Desai, S. Duffin, Marcus Duffin, Wyman Chan, Martin Grootveld","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1412751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1412751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper serves as a Part II follow-up of our research investigations performed on the molecular structures of silver(I)-fluoride (SF) and diammine-silver(I) fluoride (SDF) complexes in solution-based commercial products for clinical application, their precise chemical compositions, and their nature in aqueous solution, the latter including rapid fluoride-exchange processes at the silver(I) ion centre monitored by 19F NMR analysis (Part I). Part I of this series also explores the mechanisms of action (MoA) of these complexes, and is therefore largely focused on their chemical reactions with constituents of human saliva, which has access to their sites of application. Such reactions were found to slowly promote the generation of potentially physiologically-active Ag/AgCl nanoparticles from primarily-generated discoloured silver(I) chloride (AgCl) precipitates, a process involving salivary electron-donors such as thiocyanate and L-cysteine. Since this research has shed new light on potential MoAs for these products, in this accompanying report (Part II), we have performed a critical review of scientific literature in order to rationalize our results in relation to current views on these mechanisms for SF and SDF products employed for the successful clinical arrest of dental caries. Following an Introduction to the subject matter (\u0000Section 1), this paper comprises a generalized overview of silver coordination chemistry (\u0000Section 2), which is followed by a section focused on the aqueous solution status and equilibria involved in SF chemistry (\u0000Section 3), the latter including results acquired from an original simulation of the electronic absorption spectra of coloured SF complexes in aqueous solution (Section 3.1). Section 4 then investigates detailed rationales for the biologically-relevant ligand-exchange and redox chemistries, disposition and fates of SF, SDF and silver(I)-nitrate when employed for the treatment of dental caries, with emphasis placed on their therapeutic MoAs. This Section is supported by the provision of valuable information centralized on (1) relevant biomolecular chemistry involved in solution- and solid-state matrices (\u0000Section 4.1); (2) SF and perhaps silver(I)-nitrate as more cost-effective alternatives to SDF therapies (\u0000Section 4.2); and (3) the potential therapeutic benefits and effects offered by silver-based nanoparticles and their associated MoAs (\u0000Section 4.3). Recommendations for future investigations in this area are proposed.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsible artificial intelligence for addressing equity in oral healthcare","authors":"Zaid H. Khoury, Alexys Ferguson, Jeffery B. Price, Ahmed S Sultan, Rong Wang","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1408867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1408867","url":null,"abstract":"Oral diseases pose a significant burden on global healthcare. While many oral conditions are preventable and manageable through regular dental office visits, a substantial portion of the population faces obstacles in accessing essential and affordable quality oral healthcare. In this mini review, we describe the issue of inequity and bias in oral healthcare and discuss various strategies to address these challenges, with an emphasis on the application of artificial intelligence (AI). Recent advances in AI technologies have led to significant performance improvements in oral healthcare. AI also holds tremendous potential for advancing equity in oral healthcare, yet its application must be approached with caution to prevent the exacerbation of inequities. The “black box” approaches of some advanced AI models raise uncertainty about their operations and decision-making processes. To this end, we discuss the use of interpretable and explainable AI techniques in enhancing transparency and trustworthiness. Those techniques, aimed at augmenting rather than replacing oral health practitioners’ judgment and skills, have the potential to achieve personalized dental and oral care that is unbiased, equitable, and transparent. Overall, achieving equity in oral healthcare through the responsible use of AI requires collective efforts from all stakeholders involved in the design, implementation, regulation, and utilization of AI systems. We use the United States as an example due to its uniquely diverse population, making it an excellent model for our discussion. However, the general and responsible AI strategies suggested in this article can be applied to address equity in oral healthcare on a global level.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis design for interventions to prevent children's oral disease","authors":"Joanne Spetz, Johnie Rose, James G. Kahn, Tracy Lin, Douglas Levy, Oksana Pugach, Susan Hyde, Belinda Borrelli, Michelle Henshaw, Molly Martin, Suchitra Nelson, Francisco Ramos-Gomez, S. Gansky","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1428638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1428638","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) launched the Multidisciplinary Collaborative Research Consortium to Reduce Oral Health Disparities in Children, supporting four randomized trials testing strategies to improve preventive care. A Coordinating Center provides scientific expertise, data acquisition and quality assurance services, safety monitoring, and final analysis-ready datasets. This paper describes the trials' economic analysis strategies, placing these strategies within the broader context of contemporary economic analysis methods.The Coordinating Center established a Cost Collaborative Working Group to share information from the four trials about the components of their economic analyses. Study teams indicated data sources for their economic analysis using a set of structured tables. The Group meets regularly to share progress, discuss challenges, and coordinate analytic approaches.All four trials will calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios; two will also conduct cost-utility analyses using proxy diseases to estimate health state utilities. Each trial will consider at least two perspectives. Key process measures include dental services provided to child participants. The non-preference-weighted Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) will measure oral health-related quality of life. All trials are measuring training, implementation, personnel and supervision, service, supplies, and equipment costs.Consistent with best practices, all four trials have integrated economic analysis during their planning stages. This effort is critical since poor quality or absence of essential data can limit retrospective analysis. Integrating economic analysis into oral health preventive intervention research can provide guidance to clinicians and practices, payers, and policymakers.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of oral health disease on quality of life in Ecuador: a mixed-methods study","authors":"Nupur Krishnan, Karem Manresa-Cumarin, Jessica Klabak, Greg Krupa, Priyanka Gudsoorkar","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1431726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1431726","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, oral health diseases surpass all other non-communicable diseases in prevalence; however, they are not well studied in underserved regions, where accessibility to dental services and oral health education is disparately worse. In Ecuador, further research is needed to understand such disparities better. We aimed to assess the effect of oral health disease on individuals' quality of life and how social disparities and cultural beliefs shape this.Individuals 18 or older receiving care at mobile or worksite clinics from May to October 2023 were included. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures, and extra-oral photographs (EOP).The sample (n = 528) included mostly females (56.25%) with a mean age of 34.4 ± 9.44. Most participants (88.26%) reported brushing at least twice daily, and less than 5% reported flossing at least once per day. The median OHRQoL score was 4 (min-max), significantly higher among individuals ≥40 years old, holding high school degrees, or not brushing or flossing regularly (p < 0.05). Identified barriers to good oral health included affordability, time, and forgetfulness. Participants not receiving care with a consistent provider reported fear as an additional barrier. Participants receiving worksite dental services reported these barriers to be alleviated. Dental providers were the primary source of oral hygiene education. Most participants reported oral health concerns, most commonly pain, decay, dysphagia, and halitosis - consistent with EOP analysis.Findings underscore a need for multi-level interventions to advance oral health equity.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lichen sclerosus of the oral mucosa: a hidden phenomenon.","authors":"A Paganelli, V D Mandel, L Contu, A Motolese","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1428008","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2024.1428008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral lichen sclerosus (OLS) represents a diagnostic challenge even for expert dermatologists due to its rarity and subtle clinical manifestations. Only few cases have been reported in literature to date. OLS typically presents with whitish macules in the oral cavity. Histopathological examination remains crucial for definitive diagnosis, with characteristic features including epithelial atrophy, subepithelial hyalinization, loss of elastic fibers, and lymphocytic infiltration. Management strategies vary depending on lesion size and symptomatic presentation, with topical or intralesional corticosteroids being the most commonly used treatment modalities. Long-term monitoring is recommended due to the potential for malignant transformation, although no cases have been reported to date. Greater awareness and understanding of OLS are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Based on these findings, we recommend performing an accurate evaluation of the oral mucosa, especially when dealing with patients affected by genital or extragenital lichen sclerosus (LS). Moreover, we emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists and other specialists of oral disorders, such as dentists. This short review briefly summarizes available data on OLS, highlighting its diverse clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges. Despite its infrequent occurrence, OLS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of white macules in the oral cavity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing maternal and child oral health disparities in Sub-Saharan Africa through a community-based strategy.","authors":"Abiola Adeniyi, Gladys Akama, Ochiba Lukandu, Justus E Ikemeri, Anjellah Jumah, Sheilah Chelagat, Anusu Kasuya, Laura Ruhl, Julia Songok, Astrid Christoffersen-Deb","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1429332","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2024.1429332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral conditions disproportionately affect mothers and children in Sub-Saharan Africa, due to biological vulnerabilities, a scarcity of oral health workers, deficient preventive strategies, and gender-based barriers to care. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends integrating oral health into broader health delivery models, to reduce these disparities. We propose integrating preventive oral healthcare into community-based programs to bridge these gaps. We examine integrating preventive oral healthcare into Western Kenya's Chamas for Change (<i>Chamas</i>) community-based program which aims to reduce maternal and child health disparities. <i>Chamas</i> incorporates women's health and microfinance programs best practices to produce a low-cost, community-driven, sustainable, and culturally acceptable health delivery platform. Our strategy is based on the Maternal and Child Oral Health Framework and uses the WHO Basic Package of Oral Care principles. This framework prioritizes community involvement, cultural sensitivity, regular screenings, and seamless integration into general health sessions. We discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to enriching <i>Chamas</i> with oral health promotion activities. It is crucial to assess the effectiveness, sustainability, and acceptability of the proposed strategy through implementation and evaluation. Future studies should investigate the long-term impact of integrated oral health models on community health and oral health disparity reduction in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stannous fluoride forms aggregates between outer and inner membranes leading to membrane rupture of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and <i>Prevotella pallens</i>.","authors":"Sancai Xie, Vighter Iberi, Ying Boissy, Cheryl S Tansky, Tom Huggins, Niranjan Ramji, Aaron R Biesbrock","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1427008","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2024.1427008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Stannous has been shown to bind to free lipopolysaccharides, thus preventing them from binding to TLR receptors. This study was undertaken to determine the histomorphological mechanism of stannous binding to anaerobic bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two bacteria associated with gingivitis and advanced periodontal disease, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>) and <i>Prevotella pallens (P. pallens)</i>, were cultured in 25-1,000 μM of stannous fluoride and stannous chloride for 48 h. The growth rate was estimated using absorbance OD600. Bacterial cells were then fixed and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stannous fluoride inhibited proliferation of both <i>P. gingivalis</i> and <i>P. pallens</i> in a dose-dependent manner. There was a statistically significant suppression of the growth curve starting at 100 μM for <i>P. pallens</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.050) and 200 μM for <i>P. gingivalis</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.039). TEM analysis revealed a thick layer of polysaccharides (19.8 nm) in <i>P. gingivalis</i>. The outer and inner membranes were clearly visible with low electron densities in both bacteria. Stannous diffused into bacterial membranes and formed precipitates in the areas spanning outer and inner membranes and below inner membranes. Precipitates varied in size ranging from 46.4 to 84.5 nm in length, and 18.4 to 35.9 nm in width. The membranes were disintegrated in the region where stannous formed precipitates. Cytosolic contents were leaked out, and in several cases, small vesicles were formed. Stannous precipitates were more abundant in numbers and larger in size in bacteria treated with high concentrations (100-300 μM) than in low concentrations (25-50 μM) of stannous fluoride. Furthermore, most of the bacteria were disintegrated in the groups treated with 100-300 μM stannous fluoride. At low concentrations (25 μM), stannous fluoride formed complexes primarily around outer membranes, to which lipopolysaccharides are anchored. Stannous chloride results showed similar trends, but it was less potent than stannous fluoride.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stannous fluoride can penetrate bacteria, bind to the constituents of the membrane and form precipitates between outer and inner membranes and beneath inner membranes. These large precipitates damaged the integrity of membranes and allowed cytosolic contents to be leaked out. Stannous complexes formed at the outer membranes, even at low concentrations (25 μM).</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The factors associated with the knowledge of brushing teeth with fluoridated toothpaste among high school students in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Saba Kassim, Alla T Alsharif","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1416718","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2024.1416718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The use of fluoridated toothpaste (FT) is essential for controlling caries. This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to determine the proportion of students who brushed their teeth with fluoridated toothpaste/or do not know the content at least once a day and to determine the factors associated with the knowledge of brushing teeth with FT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous questionnaire was distributed during the academic year 2019-2020 among 439 high school students. The data collected included sociodemographic characteristics and oral-health-related variables [e.g., brushing teeth, knowledge of the effect of fluoride on caries (KEFC) and dental service utilisation (DSU)]. The dependent variable was the knowledge of using FT when brushing teeth (Yes or do not know). Descriptive, bivariate, and logistic regression analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 98% (<i>n</i> = 432) and usable data was 88% (<i>n</i> = 385). The median (IQR) age of the students was 16.00 (1) years, and 190 (47%) were males. Eighty eight percent of the students brushed their teeth with toothpaste daily with no knowledge of toothpaste content and only 86 (21.8%) knew the content of the toothpaste used for brushing their teeth i.e., FT. The multivariable analyses revealed an association of family income and KEFC with brushing teeth with FT [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-3.43, <i>p</i> = 0.015 and AOR = 6.11, 95% CI: 3.45-10.83, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the brushing and use of toothpaste among high school students was common, the knowledge of the content of toothpaste used for brushing teeth was less common and was associated with family income and KEFC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral activity of temporin-1CEb analogues against gingival infection with herpes simplex virus type 1.","authors":"Anna Golda, Paulina Kosikowska-Adamus, Marta Wadowska, Ewelina Dobosz, Jan Potempa, Joanna Koziel","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1430077","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2024.1430077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral herpes infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are one of the most common in the human population. Recently, they have been classified as an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients and those suffering from chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa and gums. Treatment mainly involves nucleoside analogues, such as acyclovir and its derivatives, which reduce virus replication and shedding. As drug-resistant strains of herpes emerge rapidly, there is a need for the development of novel anti-herpes agents. The aim of the study was to design an antiviral peptide, based on natural compounds, non-toxic to the host, and efficient against drug-resistant HSV-1. Here, we designed a lysine-rich derivative of amphibian temporin-1CEb conjugated to peptides penetrating the host cell membrane and examined their activity against HSV-1 infection of oral mucosa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the antiviral efficiency of the tested compound in simple 2D cell models (VeroE6 and TIGKs cells) and a 3D organotypic model of human gingiva (OTG) using titration assay, qPCR, and confocal imaging. To identify the molecular mechanism of antiviral activity, we applied the Azure A metachromatic test, and attachment assays techniques. Toxicity of the conjugates was examined using XTT and LDH assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that temporin-1CEb analogues significantly reduce viral replication in oral mucosa. The mechanism of peptide analogues is based on the interaction with heparan sulfate, leading to the reduce attachment of HSV-1 to the cell membrane. Moreover, temporin-1CEb conjugates effectively penetrate the gingival tissue being effective against acyclovir-resistant strains. Collectively, we showed that temporin-1CEb can be regarded as a novel, naturally derived antiviral compound for HSV-1 treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explorations of the chemical constitution and aqueous solution status of caries-arresting silver(I)-diammine fluoride and silver(I)-fluoride products using high-resolution ¹⁹F NMR analysis. Spectroscopic and SEM investigations of their interactions with human saliva: evidence for the <i>in vivo</i> salivary-catalysed autoconstruction of Ag/AgCl-based nanoparticles (IV-SCAN)-part I.","authors":"Kayleigh Hunwin, Georgina Page, Mark Edgar, Adolfo Botana, Rachel Armitage, Mohammed Bhogadia, Unmesh Desai, Steven Duffin, Marcus Duffin, Wyman Chan, Martin Grootveld","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1373885","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2024.1373885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Silver(I)-diammine fluoride (SDF) and silver(I)-fluoride (SF) complexes have been successfully employed for the arrest of dental caries for many years. However, to date there are very few studies available reporting on the molecular structural compositional and solution status of these agents [typically applied as highly-concentrated 38% (w/v) solutions]. Here, we explored the solution status and chemical constitution of commercially-available SDF and SF products, and secondly investigated the multicomponent interplay of these products with biomolecules present in intact human whole-mouth salivary supernatants (WMSSs) <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-resolution ¹⁹F NMR analysis was employed to explore SDF and SF product solutions, and to determine WMSS fluoride (F^-) concentrations, whereas ammonia (NH₃) release form SDF was tracked by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. SEM and thin-film FTIR-ATR analyses were employed to explore the atomic and molecular compositions of sequentially-generated AgCl deposits and chromophoric Ag/AgCl nanoparticles (CSNPs); the time-dependent generation of the latter was followed spectrophotometrically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>¹⁹F NMR spectra of aqueous SF solutions contained a very broad F^- signal (Δv_1/2 70 Hz), demonstrating that much of its solvated F^- content was rapidly exchanging with Ag(I) on the NMR timescale, but those of SDF had a much sharper resonance, similar to that of \"free\" F^- (4 Hz). Moreover, further NMR results revealed that a popular SDF product contained high molar excesses of both F^- and NH₃. Treatment of WMSSs with SDF and SF generated an off-white precipitate, which slowly developed into CSNPs at 23°C; SEM demonstrated high contents of both silver and chloride in this material (ca.1:1 atomic content ratio). FTIR-ATR analysis found that the CSNPs formed contained a range of salivary biomolecules, which appear to encapsulate the Ag/AgCl core (significant thiocyanate contents were also found). In conclusion, NMR results acquired demonstrated that SF, but not SDF, product solutions feature rapidly-exchanging F <i>^-</i> between its \"free\" and Ag(I)-bound forms, and that SDF contains large excesses of both F^- and its NH₃ ligands. Characterised AgCl deposits and CSNPs were sequentially produced from the interactions of these complexes with WMSS biomolecules.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In view of their well-known microbicidal and cariostatic properties, the observed autobioconstruction of CSNPs involving salivary catalysis is of much therapeutic significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}