{"title":"Melatonin-loaded nanoparticles protecting human sperm from oxidative stress during cryopreservation.","authors":"Haitao Xi, Xue Gao, Lin Qiu, Yunzhi Wang, Yifan Qiu, Zihao Tao, Miyun Hu, Xinyu Jiang, Qing Yao, Longfa Kou, Junzhao Zhao, Ruijie Chen","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2499117","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2499117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the process of sperm cryopreservation, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers oxidative stress thereby leading to a reduction in sperm motility and quality. Therefore, it is a feasible strategy to mitigate oxidative damage during cryopreservation by adding antioxidants to freezing media.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In this study, we explored the potential of melatonin to protect sperm from oxidative stress-induced damage by evaluating sperm-related parameters after thawing through self-assembly with a hyaluronic acid-bilirubin conjugate into nanoparticles (M@HBn).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized M@HBn exhibited uniform spherical morphology with average particle size of 112.57 ± 9.8 nm, PDI of 0.22 ± 0.02, a surface potential of - 0.43 ± 1.02 mV and entrapment efficiency of 85.1 ± 4.6%. The addition of 5 μM M@HBn demonstrated a notable enhancement in frozen-thawed human spermatozoa viability, motility, and DNA integrity by scavenging ROS. Additionally, the use of M@HBn supplementation in freezing medium resulted in the most mitochondrial stability and total viability as compared to the other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that M@HBn have the potential to serve as a novel drug delivery platform for protecting spermatozoa against from cryodamage while enhancing the quality of cryopreserved sperm and the bioavailability of melatonin.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1043-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can we create customized polypills for personalized drug formulation?","authors":"Sheng Qi","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2498650","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2498650","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"915-918"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeshan Ali Sandhu, Muhammad Asam Raza, Umme Farwa, Muhammad Saad Fareed, Abdulmajeed Alqurashi, Muhammad Latif
{"title":"Role of carbon dots as nanocarriers in drug delivery: current advancements, prospects, and implementations.","authors":"Zeshan Ali Sandhu, Muhammad Asam Raza, Umme Farwa, Muhammad Saad Fareed, Abdulmajeed Alqurashi, Muhammad Latif","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2513439","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2513439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Carbon dots (CDs) are recognized as outstanding nanocarriers for drug delivery owing to their superior biocompatibility, straightforward synthetic routes, and tunable surface properties.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments in CDs within the context of drug delivery systems (DDSs) and their utilization as carriers for drug loading, stabilization, and delivery. It also describes functionalized CDs for therapeutic applications, including cancer, antimicrobial, and gene therapies. Key strategic issues such as toxicity, biodistribution, and manufacturability are thoroughly elaborated and critically evaluated to identify novel approaches to address crucial challenges.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The promising potential of CDs to transform current drug delivery methods is driving researchers to undertake further biological investigations regarding the application of the CDs in clinical settings, as well as to explore future prospects of CDs within the biomedical field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent developments in nanofiber-based fast-disintegrating drug delivery systems.","authors":"Fuat Topuz, Tamer Uyar","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2497831","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2497831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fast-disintegrating electrospun fibers are emerging as innovative systems for oral drug delivery. These fibers possess a high surface area, porosity, and customizable hydrophilicity, which facilitates quick drug release by disintegrating rapidly in biological fluids or upon contact with water.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Hydrophilic polymers and cyclodextrins (CDs), either separately or in combination, are frequently utilized to accelerate the disintegration of electrospun fibers, enhance the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, and improve drug bioavailability, leading to better therapeutic outcomes. Toward this goal, a systematic literature search was conducted to identify experimental studies (2019-2025) in Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords ('fast-disintegrating' OR 'fast-dissolving') AND ('electrospinning' OR 'electrospun') AND ('delivery' OR 'release').</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>This review examines recent advancements over the past five years in the development of fast-disintegrating drug delivery fibers. It analyzes fiber composition, structural modifications, drug encapsulation routes, and their impact on drug release for oral mucosal delivery. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced and outlines future directions in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"957-969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug-eluting resorbable coronary scaffolds: a review of recent advances.","authors":"Lowie Vanoverbeke, Johan Bennett","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2495043","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2495043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Device-related persistent adverse events with current DES-use have refocused the attention on a 'leave-nothing-behind' philosophy, in which it is hypothesized that treating coronary stenosis without permanently caging the vessel with a metallic implant would lead to superior clinical outcomes. One of these uncaging technologies is bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this article, we describe the technical specifications and clinical data of currently available BRS devices.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Newer BRS devices have thinner struts and more biocompatible scaffold backbones (either polymer-based or metal-based), resulting in improved radial strength, faster resorption times, and more antithrombogenic properties (e.g. magnesium-based scaffolds). Results of BRS in the treatment of simple coronary artery disease demonstrate favorable clinical efficacy and safety outcome data. It is probable that over the next 5 years more fourth-generation devices with ever-increasing biocompatibility and safety profiles will be investigated and released commercially, resulting in a much more prominent role for BRS, especially in the treatment of simple coronary artery disease in younger patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"919-933"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Morici, Olivier Jordan, Eric Allémann, Carlos Rodríguez-Nogales
{"title":"Recent advances in nanocrystals for arthritis drug delivery.","authors":"Luca Morici, Olivier Jordan, Eric Allémann, Carlos Rodríguez-Nogales","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2505758","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2505758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>More than 500 million people worldwide suffer from arthritis, experiencing daily pain and inflammation. Current treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are palliative, offering only symptom relief. No disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) capable of restoring joint functionality and regenerating the cartilage matrix have yet been approved by the FDA or EMA.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review highlights recent advances in nanocrystals (NCs) for arthritis drug delivery, including conventional nanosuspensions and novel transdermal microneedles. Special attention is given to intra-articular DMOADs formulated as NC-in-microparticles, designed to extend drug release over months. Papers and reviews with the mentioned contents and published over the last 5 years were included in the review process.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>New DMOADs and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are often poorly water-soluble, limiting their clinical progress. The versatility of NCs and nanosuspensions offers a potential advantage over other types of nanoparticles, as they can be adapted to various delivery systems, administration routes, and types of arthritis. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage, exploring the intra-articular route for OA management is essential. Implementing cartilage-targeted strategies or using stimuli-responsive hydrogels can further enhance their therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1031-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future applications of self-immolative polymers in drug delivery.","authors":"Elizabeth R Gillies","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2493228","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2493228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"909-914"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of bacteria-mediated gene therapy in tumor treatment.","authors":"Renjie Feng, Meng Du, Zhiyi Chen","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2502638","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2502638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gene therapy refers to the use of vectors to introduce target genes into target cells to exert a therapeutic effect on tumors. As a new type of tumor therapy, gene therapy has the advantage of precision and specificity. Excellent delivery vehicles have a major impact on the efficiency, precision and safety of gene therapy. Unlike traditional vectors, bacteria based on prokaryotes have the advantages of good targeting, large load, and simplicity. In addition, different types of bacteria also have characteristics that can be used in various scenarios.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we searched the gene therapy-related literature in PubMed, mainly in the last five years, and compared the characteristics of different gene vectors, focusing on the bacterial gene therapy and aiming to explore excellent bacterial gene therapy programs.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Compared with traditional tumor gene therapy vectors, bacteria have many advantages, such as good targeting, large carrying capacity, and simple production. Meanwhile, the combination of artificial intelligence technology, bacterial imaging probe technology and suicide genes will be expected to control the bacterial therapy process, improve the safety of treatment, and promote the translational application of bacterial gene therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"993-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paola Rogliani, Gian Marco Manzetti, Ilaria De Guido, Carlo di Lorenzo, Luigino Calzetta
{"title":"Triple extrafine fixed-dose combination in asthma: from randomized controlled trials to real-world evidence.","authors":"Paola Rogliani, Gian Marco Manzetti, Ilaria De Guido, Carlo di Lorenzo, Luigino Calzetta","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2527700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2025.2527700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Small airway dysfunction affects 50-90% of asthmatic patients, leading to airway remodeling, worsening symptoms and quality of life. Targeting small airway dysfunction with inhaled extrafine formulations, with a mass median aerodynamic diameter <2 µm, is crucial. Triple extrafine fixed-dose combination with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonists (LABA), and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) been approved for uncontrolled asthma, supported by TRIMARAN and TRIGGER randomized controlled trials (RCT). However, while RCTs offer valuable efficacy and safety data under controlled conditions, findings need to be combined with real-world evidence (RWE).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This narrative review assessed the impact of triple extrafine fixed-dose combination in asthma, integrating RCTs and RWE findings. Post-hoc analyses of RCTs and preliminary gray literature were also considered.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>RCTs and RWE showed significant overlap in outcomes for triple extrafine fixed-dose combination, although differing in some crucial patient characteristics (e.g. smoking status). Triple extrafine fixed-dose combination might be more effective in patients with persistent airflow limitation by targeting small airway dysfunction. However, further RCTs and RWE are needed to address remaining gaps, such as the determinants of response to medium-strength triple extrafine fixed-dose combination vs. high-strength ICS/LABA and to high-strength triple extrafine fixed-dose combination vs. open triple therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masheera Akhtar, Nida Nehal, Azka Gull, Rabea Parveen, Sana Khan, Saba Khan, Javed Ali
{"title":"Explicating the transformative role of artificial intelligence in designing targeted nanomedicine.","authors":"Masheera Akhtar, Nida Nehal, Azka Gull, Rabea Parveen, Sana Khan, Saba Khan, Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2502022","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2502022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in nanomedicine, revolutionizing drug delivery, diagnostics, and personalized treatment. While nanomedicine offers precise targeted drug delivery and reduced toxic effects, its clinical translation is hindered by biological complexity, unpredictable in vivo behavior, and inefficient trial-and-error approaches.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review covers the application of AI and Machine Learning (ML) across the nanomedicine development pipeline, starting from drug and target identification to nanoparticle design, toxicity prediction, and personalized dosing. Different AI/ML models like QSAR, MTK-QSBER, and Alchemite, along with data sources and high-throughput screening methods, have been explored. Real-world applications are critically discussed, including AI-assisted drug repurposing, controlled-release formulations, and cancer-specific delivery systems.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>AI has emerged as an essential component in designing next-generation nanomedicine. Efficiently handling multidimensional datasets, optimizing formulations, and personalizing treatment regimens, it has sped up the innovation process. However, challenges like data heterogeneity, model transparency, and regulatory gaps remain. Addressing these hurdles through interdisciplinary efforts and emerging innovations like explainable AI and federated learning will pave the way for the clinical translation of AI-driven nanomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"971-991"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}