Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
An overview of hyaluronic-acid nanoparticles for cancer cell targeted drug delivery.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2515266
Ilaria Andreana, Nicole Zoratto, Chiara Di Meo, Pietro Matricardi, Barbara Stella, Silvia Arpicco
{"title":"An overview of hyaluronic-acid nanoparticles for cancer cell targeted drug delivery.","authors":"Ilaria Andreana, Nicole Zoratto, Chiara Di Meo, Pietro Matricardi, Barbara Stella, Silvia Arpicco","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2515266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2025.2515266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been widely explored in cancer drug delivery due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and excellent cargo properties. Recently, HA-based formulations have gained renewed interest thanks to the HA involvement in many CD44-overexpressing tumors, offering potential for active targeting, tumor microenvironment modulation, and immune response regulation.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the role of HA and its receptor in cancer progression and as a strategy for active therapeutic targeting. It also outlines the current status of HA-based formulations in clinical cancer therapy, emphasizing their clinical outcomes. The use of HA-drug conjugates, HA-based and -decorated nanoparticles (NPs), in chemotherapy, gene therapy, and theranostics is reviewed. Additionally, recent advancements in HA role in immune system modulation are discussed. All presented systems are herein evaluated for their ability to selectively target CD44-overexpressing cancer cells, with a focus on their in vivo biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Despite significant research, a few HA-based technologies have progressed to clinical trials, with only one showing promising results. Key challenges include high production costs, industrial scale-up feasibility, the need to preserve receptor recognition, and the off-target accumulation of HA in the liver and spleen barriers that must be addressed for successful clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of plant-derived extracellular vesicles as novel carriers in drug delivery systems: a review. 植物源性细胞外囊泡作为新型载体在药物传递系统中的应用综述。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2487589
Jiayi Yang, Xinyi Ai, Chenming Zhang, Teng Guo, Nianping Feng
{"title":"Application of plant-derived extracellular vesicles as novel carriers in drug delivery systems: a review.","authors":"Jiayi Yang, Xinyi Ai, Chenming Zhang, Teng Guo, Nianping Feng","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2487589","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2487589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (P-EVs) are nanoscale, lipid bilayer vesicles capable of transporting diverse bioactive substances, enabling intercellular and interspecies communication and material transfer. With inherent pharmacological effects, targeting abilities, high safety, biocompatibility, and low production costs, P-EVs are promising candidates for drug delivery systems, offering significant application potential.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A comprehensive review of studies on P-EVs was conducted through extensive database searches, including PubMed and Web of Science, spanning the years 1959 to 2025. Drawing on animal and cellular model research, this review systematically analyzes the pharmacological activities of P-EVs and their advantages as drug delivery carriers. It also explores P-EVs' drug loading methods, extraction techniques, and application prospects, including their benefits, clinical potential, and feasibility for commercial expansion.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Establishing unified preparation standards and conducting a more comprehensive analysis of molecular composition, structural characteristics, and mechanisms of P-EVs are essential for their widespread application. Greater attention should be given to the potential synergistic or antagonistic effects between P-EVs as carriers and the drugs they deliver, as this understanding will enhance their practical applications. In conclusion, P-EVs-based drug delivery systems represent a promising strategy to improve treatment efficacy, reduce side effects, and ensure drug stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"787-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in cutaneous drug delivery by iontophoresis. 离子透入皮肤给药研究进展。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2490267
Idejan P Gross, Ana Luiza Lima, Livia L Sá-Barreto, Guilherme M Gelfuso, Marcilio Cunha-Filho
{"title":"Recent advances in cutaneous drug delivery by iontophoresis.","authors":"Idejan P Gross, Ana Luiza Lima, Livia L Sá-Barreto, Guilherme M Gelfuso, Marcilio Cunha-Filho","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2490267","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2490267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Iontophoresis has been extensively studied for topical and transdermal drug delivery to stimulate the absorption of molecules that would hardly pass through the outermost layer of the skin passively. Recent research has focused on its combination with nanoparticle-based systems or microneedles to expand its therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the fundamental principles of iontophoresis, focusing on key factors influencing its drug transport mechanisms, and provides a discussion of the field's current state. A comprehensive analysis of articles published or available online in 2024 was conducted, categorizing studies by their application areas, drug delivery systems, iontophoretic conditions, and experimental limitations.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The findings reveal a recent focus on wound healing and skin repair, and advancements in treating inflammation, pain, and skin cancer. Market translation requires standardized experimental protocols, particularly for iontophoretic parameters and preclinical models, along with the development of cost-effective commercial devices. Additionally, while advancements in cutaneous drug delivery have increasingly benefited from machine learning approaches, their application to iontophoresis remains underexplored. With the growing interest in associating iontophoresis with the Internet of Things, such an integration, if combined with AI tools, could offer promising opportunities for personalized, real-time treatments in modern dermatology, and therapeutic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"857-874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanominerals: a multifaceted biomaterial for regenerative medicine and drug delivery. 纳米矿物:用于再生医学和药物输送的多面生物材料。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2491642
Aishik Chakraborty, Wei Luo, Arghya Paul
{"title":"Nanominerals: a multifaceted biomaterial for regenerative medicine and drug delivery.","authors":"Aishik Chakraborty, Wei Luo, Arghya Paul","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2491642","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2491642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"763-768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-acting injectables for the treatment of substance use disorder: a look ahead. 治疗物质使用障碍的长效注射剂:展望。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2493232
Sohyung Lee, Nitin Joshi
{"title":"Long-acting injectables for the treatment of substance use disorder: a look ahead.","authors":"Sohyung Lee, Nitin Joshi","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2493232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2493232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"757-761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Redox chemical delivery system: an innovative strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 氧化还原化学传递系统:治疗神经退行性疾病的创新策略。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2489558
Jeevan Lal Prajapati, Yogita Dhurandhar, As Pee Singh, Deepak Kumar Gupta, Vivek Singh Baghel, Umesh Kushwaha, Kamta Prasad Namdeo
{"title":"Redox chemical delivery system: an innovative strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Jeevan Lal Prajapati, Yogita Dhurandhar, As Pee Singh, Deepak Kumar Gupta, Vivek Singh Baghel, Umesh Kushwaha, Kamta Prasad Namdeo","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2489558","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2489558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is anticipated that the prevalence of illnesses affecting the central nervous system (CNS) will rise significantly due to longer lifespans and changing demography. Age-related decline in brain function and neuronal death are features of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which provide formidable treatment challenges. Because most therapeutic drugs cannot across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the brain, there are still few treatment alternatives available despite a great deal of research.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This study explores the role of redox chemical delivery systems in CNS drug delivery and addresses challenges associated with neurodegenerative disease (ND). Redox Chemical Delivery System offers a promising approach to enhancing leveraging redox reactions that facilitate the transport of therapeutic agents across the BBB. Through the optimization of medication delivery pathways to the brain, this technology has the potential to greatly improve the treatment of ND.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>As our understanding of the biological underpinnings of ND deepens, the potential for effective interventions increases. Refining drug delivery strategies, such as RCDS, is essential for advancing CNS therapies from research to clinical practice. These advancements could transform the management of ND, improving both treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"805-822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Targeting Alzheimer's disease pathology: influence of nano-based drug delivery systems loaded with a combination of herbal and synthetic drugs.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2513440
Mumtaz, Devika Unnithan, Aysha Khan, Ajay Pratap Singh Chauhan, Javed Ali, Mohammad Ahmed Khan
{"title":"Targeting Alzheimer's disease pathology: influence of nano-based drug delivery systems loaded with a combination of herbal and synthetic drugs.","authors":"Mumtaz, Devika Unnithan, Aysha Khan, Ajay Pratap Singh Chauhan, Javed Ali, Mohammad Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2513440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2025.2513440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disordermarked by cognitive decline and memory loss. Current treatments,including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and NMDA receptorantagonists, provide only symptomatic relief due to poor Blood BrainBarrier (BBB) permeability and side effects. The integration ofsynthetic and natural drug combinations with nanotechnology offers apromising strategy to enhance drug delivery, efficacy, and overalltherapeutic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Areascovered: </strong>This review explores the integration of herbal and synthetic drugs innano-based delivery systems for AD treatment. It examines co-loadingefficiency, release kinetics, and synergistic therapeutic benefits ofdual-drug formulations. Additionally, it discusses target-specificligand functionalization for improved BBB penetration and neuronaltargeting, alongside a comparative analysis of dual- vs. single-drugformulations and their impact on diseaseprogression and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Expertopinion: </strong>Current treatment options primarily offer symptomatic relief in theirearly stages, while failing to target the multiple neurobiologicalmechanisms responsible for AD progression. In light of this,combining the already established treatments with herbal drugs, wecan leverage their combined effects to enhance treatment efficacy andmitigate side effects. Furthermore, co-loading of synthetic drugs andphytoconstituents within a single nanoformulation can improvesite-specific drug delivery, offer sustained release, and lowersystemic side effects, resulting in better treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The nasal route for nose-to-brain drug delivery: advanced nasal formulations for CNS disorders. 鼻至脑药物输送的鼻腔途径:用于中枢神经系统疾病的先进鼻腔配方。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2489553
Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou, Georgia Valsami
{"title":"The nasal route for nose-to-brain drug delivery: advanced nasal formulations for CNS disorders.","authors":"Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou, Georgia Valsami","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2489553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2489553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The nasal route offers a feasible alternative to oral and/or parenteral administration, providing a noninvasive route to achieve nose-to-brain drug delivery involving the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, and facilitating local or systemic drug action. Conventional liquid nasal dosage forms have not managed to bridge the gaps of precise dosing and targeted central nervous system (CNS) delivery, while more sophisticated formulation approaches are being explored for brain targeting, aiming to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review focuses on preclinical and clinical evaluation of microemulsions, in-situ gels, nasal powders, and nanocarrier-based formulations. Key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic findings are discussed to evaluate their potential and limitations in improving drug bioavailability and CNS targeting. The existing regulatory framework for approval of products for nose-to-brain drug delivery is also addressed and relative hurdles are discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>While nasal drug delivery holds great promise for CNS therapeutics, key challenges remain, including formulation stability, mucosal permeability, patient adherence. Future research should prioritize improving targeting efficiency, overcoming mucociliary clearance, developing user-friendly pharmaceutical products. Personalized medicine and smart delivery systems could further enhance drug targeting and minimize side effects. Continued research and regulatory advancements are essential to fully realize nasal delivery's perspective in CNS therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"823-839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advancements and future applications of intrauterine drug delivery systems. 宫内给药系统的最新进展和未来应用。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2490266
Ashwin Abhang, Diane J Burgess
{"title":"Recent advancements and future applications of intrauterine drug delivery systems.","authors":"Ashwin Abhang, Diane J Burgess","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2490266","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2490266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are drug-device combination products that are placed inside the uterus above the endometrium. IUDs contain a therapeutic agent used for contraception and have been shown to have other therapeutic benefits. Over the past century, intrauterine drug delivery systems (IUDDS) have revolutionized women's health, and they hold immense growth potential in the future for new developments in the therapeutic areas beyond contraception.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive description of the history, development, and current state of IUDDS, next-generation IUDDS, and future applications of IUDDS in therapeutic areas beyond contraception such as multi-purpose prevention technologies, hormone replacement therapy, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and endometrial cancer.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The uterus's unique features make it an ideal site for controlled, prolonged, and localized delivery of drugs, ensuring maximum concentration at the target site. Currently, IUDs are the most widely used contraceptive method. Future IUDDS hold the potential to deliver therapeutic agents for broader therapeutic areas for women's health, potentially aiding in the treatment of various diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system. Further research in development, characterization, and translation is warranted to ensure IUDDS reach their potential in many areas of women's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"841-856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Closed-loop therapy: recent advancements and potential predictors of glycemic outcomes. 闭环治疗:最近的进展和潜在的预测血糖结局。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2492363
Chloë Royston, Roman Hovorka, Charlotte K Boughton
{"title":"Closed-loop therapy: recent advancements and potential predictors of glycemic outcomes.","authors":"Chloë Royston, Roman Hovorka, Charlotte K Boughton","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2492363","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2492363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hybrid closed-loop systems have become the standard of care for managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Both clinical trials and real-world data have demonstrated that these systems improve glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, while also reducing the overall burden of T1D management. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed for studies including individuals with T1D that were published until the end of 2024.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we summarize the safety and efficacy of currently available hybrid closed-loop systems, drawing from key clinical trials and real-world data analyses. We also highlight recent advancements in closed-loop systems, discuss their limitations and barriers to access, and explore future directions for automated insulin delivery. Finally, we explore potential predictors of outcomes for people with T1D to better understand why some individuals respond better to closed-loop systems than others.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Closed-loop systems are advancing rapidly, with a growing focus on enhancing automation through fully closed-loop systems to improve glycemic control and further reduce the burden of management. Identifying the predictors that influence how individuals respond to closed-loop therapy will enable these systems to be optimized. It is crucial to ensure widespread and equitable access to this advanced technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"875-892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信