Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

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Recent advancements and future applications of intrauterine drug delivery systems. 宫内给药系统的最新进展和未来应用。
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2490266
Ashwin Abhang, Diane J Burgess
{"title":"Recent advancements and future applications of intrauterine drug delivery systems.","authors":"Ashwin Abhang, Diane J Burgess","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2490266","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2490266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are drug-device combination products that are placed inside the uterus above the endometrium. IUDs contain a therapeutic agent used for contraception and have been shown to have other therapeutic benefits. Over the past century, intrauterine drug delivery systems (IUDDS) have revolutionized women's health, and they hold immense growth potential in the future for new developments in the therapeutic areas beyond contraception.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive description of the history, development, and current state of IUDDS, next-generation IUDDS, and future applications of IUDDS in therapeutic areas beyond contraception such as multi-purpose prevention technologies, hormone replacement therapy, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and endometrial cancer.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The uterus's unique features make it an ideal site for controlled, prolonged, and localized delivery of drugs, ensuring maximum concentration at the target site. Currently, IUDs are the most widely used contraceptive method. Future IUDDS hold the potential to deliver therapeutic agents for broader therapeutic areas for women's health, potentially aiding in the treatment of various diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system. Further research in development, characterization, and translation is warranted to ensure IUDDS reach their potential in many areas of women's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in cutaneous drug delivery by iontophoresis.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2490267
Idejan P Gross, Ana Luiza Lima, Livia L Sá-Barreto, Guilherme M Gelfuso, Marcilio Cunha-Filho
{"title":"Recent advances in cutaneous drug delivery by iontophoresis.","authors":"Idejan P Gross, Ana Luiza Lima, Livia L Sá-Barreto, Guilherme M Gelfuso, Marcilio Cunha-Filho","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2490267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2025.2490267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Iontophoresis has been extensively studied for topical and transdermal drug delivery to stimulate the absorption of molecules that would hardly pass through the outermost layer of the skin passively. Recent research has focused on its combination with nanoparticle-based systems or microneedles to expand its therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the fundamental principles of iontophoresis, focusing on key factors influencing its drug transport mechanisms, and provides a discussion of the field's current state. A comprehensive analysis of articles published or available online in 2024 was conducted, categorizing studies by their application areas, drug delivery systems, iontophoretic conditions, and experimental limitations.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The findings reveal a recent focus on wound healing and skin repair, and advancements in treating inflammation, pain, and skin cancer. Market translation requires standardized experimental protocols, particularly for iontophoretic parameters and preclinical models, along with the development of cost-effective commercial devices. Additionally, while advancements in cutaneous drug delivery have increasingly benefited from machine learning approaches, their application to iontophoresis remains underexplored. With the growing interest in associating iontophoresis with the Internet of Things, such an integration, if combined with AI tools, could offer promising opportunities for personalized, real-time treatments in modern dermatology, and therapeutic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanovector approach for co-delivery of Alectinib and Hesperidin via inhalational for lung cancer treatment: development, characterization, and preclinical studies.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2487585
Saeem Ahmad, Shahnaj Bano, Nasr A Emad, Shadab Alam, Anjali Rathee, Iqra Zai, Jayamanti Pandit, Mohd Aqil, Yasmin Sultana
{"title":"Nanovector approach for co-delivery of Alectinib and Hesperidin via inhalational for lung cancer treatment: development, characterization, and preclinical studies.","authors":"Saeem Ahmad, Shahnaj Bano, Nasr A Emad, Shadab Alam, Anjali Rathee, Iqra Zai, Jayamanti Pandit, Mohd Aqil, Yasmin Sultana","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2487585","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2487585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current study aims to fabricate Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the co-delivery of Alectinib and Hesperidin (ALB-HSD NLC) for non-small cell lung Cancer (NSCLC) via an inhalational route.</p><p><strong>Research design and method: </strong>The ALB-HSD NLC was fabricated using Melt emulsification followed by the sonication method and optimized using a central composite design. The optimized formulation was evaluated for various in vitro and <i>in vivo</i> studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized ALB-HSD NLC had satisfactory results for particle size, Zeta Potential, PDI, and entrapment efficiency. The drug release was more than 2.5-fold higher compared to drugs suspension over 72 hr. A549 human lung cell line study shows IC<sub>50</sub> for ALB and HSD, were 2.289 µg/mL and 73.52 µg/mL, and the dose-dependent toxicity was 0.0209 μg/mL and 0.5213 μg/mL for ALB-HSD NLC formulation and ALB HSD Suspension, respectively, after 72 hr. The Pharmacokinetic study has demonstrated improved AUC0-t (1.38, 1.57-fold) of ALB and HSD from NLC compared to drug suspension. <i>In vivo</i> studies give significant results on the syngeneic model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prepared ALB-HSD NLC could be promising drug carriers, and they succeeded in delivering small and efficient doses of ALB and HSD to treat NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The nasal route for nose-to-brain drug delivery: advanced nasal formulations for CNS disorders.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2489553
Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou, Georgia Valsami
{"title":"The nasal route for nose-to-brain drug delivery: advanced nasal formulations for CNS disorders.","authors":"Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou, Georgia Valsami","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2489553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2489553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The nasal route offers a feasible alternative to oral and/or parenteral administration, providing a noninvasive route to achieve nose-to-brain drug delivery involving the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, and facilitating local or systemic drug action. Conventional liquid nasal dosage forms have not managed to bridge the gaps of precise dosing and targeted central nervous system (CNS) delivery, while more sophisticated formulation approaches are being explored for brain targeting, aiming to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review focuses on preclinical and clinical evaluation of microemulsions, in-situ gels, nasal powders, and nanocarrier-based formulations. Key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic findings are discussed to evaluate their potential and limitations in improving drug bioavailability and CNS targeting. The existing regulatory framework for approval of products for nose-to-brain drug delivery is also addressed and relative hurdles are discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>While nasal drug delivery holds great promise for CNS therapeutics, key challenges remain, including formulation stability, mucosal permeability, patient adherence. Future research should prioritize improving targeting efficiency, overcoming mucociliary clearance, developing user-friendly pharmaceutical products. Personalized medicine and smart delivery systems could further enhance drug targeting and minimize side effects. Continued research and regulatory advancements are essential to fully realize nasal delivery's perspective in CNS therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Redox chemical delivery system: an innovative strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2489558
Jeevan Lal Prajapati, Yogita Dhurandhar, As Pee Singh, Deepak Kumar Gupta, Vivek Singh Baghel, Umesh Kushwaha, Kamta Prasad Namdeo
{"title":"Redox chemical delivery system: an innovative strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Jeevan Lal Prajapati, Yogita Dhurandhar, As Pee Singh, Deepak Kumar Gupta, Vivek Singh Baghel, Umesh Kushwaha, Kamta Prasad Namdeo","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2489558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2025.2489558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is anticipated that the prevalence of illnesses affecting the central nervous system (CNS) will rise significantly due to longer lifespans and changing demography. Age-related decline in brain function and neuronal death are features of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which provide formidable treatment challenges. Because most therapeutic drugs cannot pass across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the brain, there are still few treatment alternatives available despite a great deal of research.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This study explores the role of redox chemical delivery systems in CNS drug delivery and addresses challenges associated with neurodegenerative disease (ND). Redox Chemical Delivery System offers a promising approach to enhancing leveraging redox reactions that facilitate the transport of therapeutic agents across the BBB. Through the optimization of medication delivery pathways to the brain, this technology has the potential to greatly improve the treatment of ND.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>As our understanding of the biological underpinnings of ND deepens, the potential for effective interventions increases. Refining drug delivery strategies, such as RCDS, is essential for advancing CNS therapies from research to clinical practice. These advancements could transform the management of ND, improving both treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of plant-derived extracellular vesicles as novel carriers in drug delivery systems: a review.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2487589
Jiayi Yang, Xinyi Ai, Chenming Zhang, Teng Guo, Nianping Feng
{"title":"Application of plant-derived extracellular vesicles as novel carriers in drug delivery systems: a review.","authors":"Jiayi Yang, Xinyi Ai, Chenming Zhang, Teng Guo, Nianping Feng","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2487589","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2487589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (P-EVs) are nanoscale, lipid bilayer vesicles capable of transporting diverse bioactive substances, enabling intercellular and interspecies communication and material transfer. With inherent pharmacological effects, targeting abilities, high safety, biocompatibility, and low production costs, P-EVs are promising candidates for drug delivery systems, offering significant application potential.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A comprehensive review of studies on P-EVs was conducted through extensive database searches, including PubMed and Web of Science, spanning the years 1959 to 2025. Drawing on animal and cellular model research, this review systematically analyzes the pharmacological activities of P-EVs and their advantages as drug delivery carriers. It also explores P-EVs' drug loading methods, extraction techniques, and application prospects, including their benefits, clinical potential, and feasibility for commercial expansion.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Establishing unified preparation standards and conducting a more comprehensive analysis of molecular composition, structural characteristics, and mechanisms of P-EVs are essential for their widespread application. Greater attention should be given to the potential synergistic or antagonistic effects between P-EVs as carriers and the drugs they deliver, as this understanding will enhance their practical applications. In conclusion, P-EVs-based drug delivery systems represent a promising strategy to improve treatment efficacy, reduce side effects, and ensure drug stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GalNac-siRNA conjugate delivery technology promotes the treatment of typical chronic liver diseases.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2466767
Zhen-Xin Qin, Ling Zuo, Ziran Zeng, Rongguan Ma, Wenyan Xie, Xiao Zhu, Xiaorong Zhou
{"title":"GalNac-siRNA conjugate delivery technology promotes the treatment of typical chronic liver diseases.","authors":"Zhen-Xin Qin, Ling Zuo, Ziran Zeng, Rongguan Ma, Wenyan Xie, Xiao Zhu, Xiaorong Zhou","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2466767","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2466767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nucleic acid-based therapeutics have become a key pillar of the 'third wave' of modern medicine, following the eras of small molecule inhibitors and antibody drugs. Their rapid progress is heavily dependent on delivery technologies, with the development of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugates marking a breakthrough in targeting liver diseases. This technology has gained significant attention for its role in addressing chronic conditions like chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which are challenging to treat with conventional methods.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the origins, mechanisms, and advantages of GalNAc-siRNA delivery systems, highlighting their ability to target hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). The literature reviewed covers preclinical and clinical advancements, particularly in CHB and NASH. Key developments in stabilization chemistry and conjugation technologies are examined, emphasizing their impact on enhancing therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>GalNAc-siRNA technology represents a transformative advancement in RNA interference (RNAi) therapies, addressing unmet needs in liver-targeted diseases. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain, including restricted targeting scope and scalability concerns. Continued innovation is expected to expand applications, improve delivery efficiency, and overcome limitations, establishing GalNAc-siRNA as a cornerstone for future nucleic acid-based treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"455-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is electroporation the key to drug delivery in drug-resistant cancers?
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2471463
Julita Kulbacka, Vitalij Novickij
{"title":"Is electroporation the key to drug delivery in drug-resistant cancers?","authors":"Julita Kulbacka, Vitalij Novickij","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2471463","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2471463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"441-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transmucosal drug delivery: prospects, challenges, advances, and future directions.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2470224
Francis Brako, Joshua Boateng
{"title":"Transmucosal drug delivery: prospects, challenges, advances, and future directions.","authors":"Francis Brako, Joshua Boateng","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2470224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2470224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traditional administration routes have limitations including first-pass metabolism and gastrointestinal degradation for sensitive drugs (oral) and pain associated with parenteral injections, which also require trained personnel and refrigeration, making them expensive. This has increased interest in alternative routes, with mucosal surfaces being of high priority.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Mucosal routes include ocular, oral (buccal/sublingual), nasal and vaginal mucosae which avoid the limitations of the oral and parenteral routes. Though mucosal routes show great potential, they are still hindered by several barriers, especially for systemic absorption, resulting in the development of more advanced novel drug delivery systems to overcome these limitations and achieve therapeutic actions both locally and systemically, similar to or exceeding the oral route. This paper systematically reviews and compares the different mucosal routes, challenges, and recent advances in advanced novel drug delivery system design for emerging clinical challenges including the advent of large biological macromolecules (proteins, peptides, and RNA) for treatment and prevention of diseases. The review also focuses on current challenges and future perspectives.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Among the various transmucosal routes discussed, nose-to-brain drug delivery has the greatest translational potential to go beyond the current state of the art and achieve significant clinical impact for neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"525-553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subunit antigen delivery: emulsion and liposomal adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.
Expert opinion on drug delivery Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2474088
Al Zahraa Khalifa, Yvonne Perrie, Aliasgar Shahiwala
{"title":"Subunit antigen delivery: emulsion and liposomal adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.","authors":"Al Zahraa Khalifa, Yvonne Perrie, Aliasgar Shahiwala","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2474088","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2474088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Developing new vaccines to combat emerging infectious diseases has gained more significance after the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is the most cost-effective method for preventing infectious diseases, and subunit antigens are a safer alternative to traditional live, attenuated, and inactivated vaccines.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Challenges in delivering subunit antigens and the status of different vaccine adjuvants. Recent research developments involving emulsion and liposomal adjuvants and their compositions and properties affecting their adjuvancy.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Lipid-based adjuvants, e.g. emulsions and liposomes, represent a paradigm shift in vaccine technology by enabling robust humoral and cellular immune responses with lower antigen doses, a property that is particularly critical during pandemics or in resource-limited settings. These adjuvants can optimize vaccine administration strategies by potentially reducing the frequency of booster doses, thereby improving patient compliance and lowering healthcare costs. While emulsions excel in dose-sparing and broadening immune responses, liposomes offer customization and precision in antigen delivery. However, the broader clinical application of these technologies is not without challenges. Stability issues, e.g. the susceptibility of emulsion-based adjuvants to freezing and their reliance on cold-chain logistics, pose significant barriers to their use in remote/underserved regions. Future developments will likely focus on improving manufacturing scalability and cost-effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"583-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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