Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

{"title":"Intravitreal implants for drug delivery: clinical efficacy, safety, and translational perspectives.","authors":"Carolina Nunes da Silva, Thomas Toshio Inoue, Marina França Dias, Silvia Ligorio Fialho, Armando Silva-Cunha","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2629545","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2629545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic retinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, and noninfectious uveitis are among the leading causes of irreversible visual loss worldwide. Their management depends on repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents or corticosteroids, which, despite proven efficacy, are associated with high treatment burden and cumulative risks. Sustained-release intravitreal drug delivery systems (DDSs) are effective strategies to prolong therapeutic activity, enhance bioavailability, minimize adverse events, and improve patient adherence.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review provides an overview of the evolution, clinical efficacy, and translational potential of intravitreal DDSs, from nonbiodegradable implants to biodegradable systems. Advances in polymeric design, hydrogels, in situ forming systems, and 3D-printed architecture, are discussed alongside emerging clinical candidates. Key formulation, preclinical, and regulatory barriers to clinical translation are also examined. Comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and regulatory repositories was performed (data published up to December 2025).</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Intravitreal DDSs are redefining ocular pharmacotherapy by offering prolonged, localized drug release. However, further innovation in polymer design, bioerodible materials, and sterilization methods is essential to balance safety, efficacy, and manufacturability. Integration of precision medicine and next-generation biomaterials will be key to achieving fully optimized, minimally invasive retinal therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"841-859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146151557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peptide amphiphile nanofibers: advanced drug delivery platforms for cardiovascular therapeutics.","authors":"Katherine I Foley, Adelso Tejada Jackson, Nick D Tsihlis, Melina R Kibbe","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2631770","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2631770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current medical and surgical interventions have limitations related to side-effects and long-term efficacy. Hence, there is a need for novel therapeutics tailored specifically for cardiovascular disease. Peptide amphiphile nanofibers are well suited for this role.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Here we discuss the molecular architecture and self-assembly process of peptide amphiphile nanofibers that make them ideal drug delivery vehicles, their adaptability and durability in physiologic conditions, and many successes in the field of developing targeted nanotherapeutics for drug delivery in the cardiovascular realm. The literature search was performed via PubMed using pertinent keywords with no restriction for dates of publication. When relevant publications were identified, these papers were used to find additional references.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Despite their complexity, peptide amphiphile nanofibers offer a promising platform through which to deliver nanotherapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease. The future involves further development and evaluation of this technology in large animal models to strengthen translational data, discovery of additional physiologic targets, large scale standardized production, and incorporation of novel therapeutics. Importantly, we look forward to incorporating antioxidants into our existing peptide amphiphile nanofiber delivery vehicles to hopefully produce a synergistic effect of our targeted therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"909-917"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox responsive cyclodextrin-based drug delivery systems: a special insight to glutathione responsive CD-nanosponges.","authors":"Sanaz Mohammadvalipour, Ziba Islambulchilar, Hadi Valizadeh, Francesco Trotta, Yousef Khazaei Monfared, Mohammad Mahmoudian, Parvin Zakeri-Milani","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2622375","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2622375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Advances in nanotechnology and nanomedicine increasingly focus on the rational design of smart nanocarriers capable of site-specific and stimulus-triggered drug release to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity. Among them, cyclodextrins (CDs), particularly cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNSs), have emerged as safe, biodegradable, and versatile platforms for drug delivery due to favorable biocompatibility and structural adaptability.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>CDNSs are three-dimensional, cross-linked polymeric networks formed through chemical reactions between cyclodextrins and suitable cross-linkers, generating porous architectures with high surface area and tunable physicochemical properties. These features enable efficient encapsulation of poorly water-soluble drugs and improvement of their solubility and bioavailability. Beyond conventional CD systems, stimulus-responsive CDNSs provide additional control by responding to internal or external triggers such as pH, temperature, light, and redox conditions. Particularly, glutathione-responsive CDNSs exploit intracellular redox gradients via disulfide bond cleavage, enabling selective drug release in cancerous and inflammatory tissues. Literature for this narrative review was identified through searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on publications from 2000 to early 2025.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>This review highlights glutathione-responsive cyclodextrin nanosponges as an advanced evolution of CD-based carriers, emphasizing emerging structure - property - responsiveness relationships rather than exhaustive coverage. By discussing nanosponge architecture and cross-linking density.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"861-875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of the Maillard reaction in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms: a focus on lactose.","authors":"Jia Xiang, Shipeng Chen, Songwen Tan","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2613921","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2613921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Solid dosage forms face the risk of the Maillard reaction during development and storage. This reaction occurs between reducing excipients and amino-group-containing drugs, potentially leading to discoloration, impurity formation, and degradation of active ingredients, significantly impacting product quality and excipient selection.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Using lactose, a representative reducing excipient, as an example, this article systematically explores the mechanisms, influencing factors, control strategies, and potential applications of the Maillard reaction in solid dosage forms. It aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for formulation optimization, quality control, and innovative development of pharmaceutical preparations. Searches of Google Scholar and PubMed were undertaken to gather the literature included in this review.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The Maillard reaction between lactose and amino-group-containing drugs poses a significant quality risk, directly affecting the stability and safety of pharmaceutical preparations. In generic drug development, controlling this reaction is a critical step in achieving consistency with the reference listed drug (RLD). Instead of simply avoiding lactose, a proactive strategy should be adopted early in development. Through compatibility assessment, mechanistic studies, and comprehensive control measures, this challenge can be transformed into an opportunity for formulation optimization and innovation, thereby advancing the development of high-quality solid dosage forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"697-716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of nanocarriers for the treatment of <i>Candida auris</i> infections.","authors":"Anna Jaromin, Robert Zarnowski, David R Andes, Ben J Boyd","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2604680","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2604680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"601-604"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted delivery of therapeutics to the heart with calcium phosphate nanoparticles.","authors":"Camilla Fusacchia, Federica Mancini, Alessio Adamiano, Lorenzo Degli Esposti, Michele Iafisco","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2599851","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2599851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with conventional therapies mainly providing symptomatic relief without targeting underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Additionally, limitations of systemic drug administration, including poor tissue targeting and low accumulation, highlight the need for innovative approaches.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Nanomedicine offers promising strategies for CVDs. Among nanocarriers, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs) are particularly attractive due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, pH-responsive behavior, and versatility for drug incorporation. This report summarizes recent advances, identified through a literature search using Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, on the application of CaP NPs for CVD therapy. Although still in its infancy, emerging evidence, including studies in large animal models, suggests the CaP NPs can selectively target cardiac tissues and efficiently deliver diverse bioactive molecules.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>CaP NPs represent a highly promising platform for cardiovascular therapy. Their safety and potential for noninvasive inhalation administration could enable precise, effective, and patient-friendly treatments. Future research, including comparative studies with other nanocarriers, will help to validate their therapeutic potential. Continued development of CaP NP-based strategies may transform CVD management by enabling molecular-level interventions that improve clinical outcomes, reduce systemic side effects, and allow rapid and convenient dosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"611-619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opsonized bilirubin nanomedicine targeting and repolarizing macrophage for acute lung injury treatment.","authors":"Yinhao Lin, Yanxian Hou, Baiqun Duan, Yingtao Li, Yongshuai Kang, Linying Wang, Jie Ding, Yitianhe Xu, Miyun Hu, Wenjing Cai, Fangfang Lv, Longfa Kou, Ruijie Chen, Hailin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2610393","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2610393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lung injury (ALI) is a pathological condition characterized by diffuse lung injury. Excessive macrophage polarization to the M1 type in lung tissue plays a crucial role in the incidence and aggravation of ALI.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Bilirubin (BR) has been applied as a therapeutic agent in various diseases due to its ability to regulate macrophage polarization. Based on the inherent engulfing of M1 macrophages toward xenobiotic nanomedicines, an inhalable BR nanomedicine was developed for the treatment of ALI. The BR nanoparticles (BRn) were first prepared using a one-step nanoprecipitation method, followed by surface modification with immunoglobulin G (IgG) at a 20% weight ratio to prepare BRn@IgG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both nanoparticles exhibited excellent stability and enhanced antioxidative properties in aqueous phases. To gain the initiative, the IgG-modified nanoparticles could smartly bind to M1 macrophages, resulting in greatly improved BR delivery efficiency to macrophages and thus enhancing antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and polarization-regulating effects compared to naked BRn. BRn@IgG evaded mechanical clearance from lung tissue and demonstrated prolonged retention in the pulmonary environment, thereby attaining the most potent therapeutic effect among all formulations in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BRn@IgG could be considered a novel and effective therapeutic agent for the ALI treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"745-759"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145829392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in liver drug delivery: insights into biodegradation and toxicity at cellular, tissue, and organ levels.","authors":"Anna F Sheptulina, Ekaterina O Moiseeva, Sergei V German, Diana L Valeeva, Maria A Blindman, Dmitry A Gorin","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2613932","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2026.2613932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Due to its unique anatomical and physiological properties, the liver is known to capture the prevailing amount of intravenously administered nanoparticles. However, selectively delivering them to hepatocytes, the primary cells affected in most liver diseases, remains challenging, as nanoparticles are predominantly internalized by Kupffer cells, triggering inflammatory responses and fibrosis. Iron oxide nanoparticles can be engineered for active hepatocyte targeting via surface ligand modification, taking into account the nanoparticle size.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review covers the interactions between iron oxide nanoparticles, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes. Iron oxide nanoparticles may induce hepatocellular toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy impairment. Furthermore, iron metabolism and some proteins involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis are also addressed. The role of the Z-potential, size, and surface modification of nanoparticles were analyzed from the point of view of their uptake by liver cells. The corona and margination effects for iron oxide nanoparticles were considered.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Iron oxide nanoparticles hold significant potential for targeted hepatocyte delivery, provided that their physicochemical properties are carefully optimized to minimize off-target uptake by Kupffer cells and reduce hepatotoxicity. A comprehensive understanding of nanoparticle - cell interactions, iron homeostasis, and the impact of surface engineering is essential for the rational design of safer and more effective nanocarriers. Future progress will depend on balancing hepatocyte-specific targeting with biocompatibility, enabling the translational application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"717-743"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How might intraluminal drug-delivery strategies be improved to enhance arteriovenous fistula maturation and patency?","authors":"Justin George, Ajit Rao, Alan Dardik","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2588377","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2588377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"597-600"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing deferoxamine delivery through the skin for pressure ulcers.","authors":"Katharina S Berryman, Maria Gracia Mora Pinos, Amy Skarsfeldt, Lulejeta Latifi, Pedro Mora Pinos, Kellen Chen, Geoffrey C Gurtner","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2609683","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2609683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Deferoxamine (DFO) is an iron-chelator, approved for systemic treatment of iron overload. New research finds local applications to mechanistically correct ischemia-driven hypoxia that underlies chronic wound pathology resulting in therapeutic angiogenesis. Development of composite hydrogels and hybrid biomaterials that combine natural and synthetic polymers for enhanced mechanical integrity, antimicrobial function, and controlled drug release confirms that the field is moving toward multifunctional, bio-responsive wound therapies. Incorporating deferoxamine via reverse-micelle technology in a Deferoxamine Intradermal Delivery Patch (DIDP) advances this field by integrating a clinically approved, mechanistically targeted drug within a biocompatible matrix supported by preclinical safety and translational feasibility.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We review transdermal application of deferoxamine and current biomaterials that enable dermal penetration of hydrophilic drugs. We discuss the first-ever in-human clinical application of DIDP and scarcity of clinical trials. Furthermore, we outline necessary steps for broad implementation of DIDP and explore potential future applications, including combination therapies.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Deferoxamine provides a remarkable ability to induce therapeutic angiogenesis despite diabetes or increased age, and this therapy could be utilized for other diseases that impair wound healing such as autonomic skin dysfunction following complete spinal cord injury. We identify efforts to increase the long-term safety profiles and advocate for large-scale randomized clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"621-630"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}