{"title":"What are the future applications of chitosan nanobubbles in drug delivery?","authors":"Monica Argenziano, Rita Spagnolo, Roberta Cavalli","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2462761","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2462761","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"307-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jayanaraian F M Andrade, Andrew Verbinnen, Andrew Bakst, Marcilio Cunha-Filho, Guilherme M Gelfuso, Taís Gratieri
{"title":"An update on nanocarriers for follicular-targeted drug delivery for androgenetic alopecia topical treatment.","authors":"Jayanaraian F M Andrade, Andrew Verbinnen, Andrew Bakst, Marcilio Cunha-Filho, Guilherme M Gelfuso, Taís Gratieri","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2457950","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2457950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Androgenic alopecia is a multifactorial disease with a high incidence and a great psychological burden on patients. The current FDA-approved treatment is topical minoxidil or oral finasteride. However, both present significant limitations. While the systemic absorption of finasteride causes serious sexual side effects, minoxidil's low solubility imposes a challenge in obtaining a non-irritative and effective formulation. One way to solve such limitations is by using nanocarriers targeting the drug delivery to the hair follicles upon topical application.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Here, we review which advancements have been made to achieve a more effective treatment for androgenic alopecia, focusing on nanocarriers for the topical drug delivery systems developed to target hair follicles.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The results from multiple reviewed studies demonstrate the potential of incorporating drugs into different nanocarriers to improve follicular targeting in drug delivery for androgenic alopecia treatment. However, many studies fail to perform the proper controls. Most studies also do not quantify the drug accumulation in all skin layers, especially in hair follicles, which avoids comparisons between different nanocarriers and, hence, reliable conclusions. Future experiments with a broader nanocarrier size range, suitable skin models and controls, and clinical tests to assess the safety of developed formulations will improve the androgenic alopecia treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"367-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liuyang Wang, Junyao Ma, Jiaxin Li, Liang Fang, Chao Liu
{"title":"Transdermal patch based on pressure-sensitive adhesive: the importance of adhesion for efficient drug delivery.","authors":"Liuyang Wang, Junyao Ma, Jiaxin Li, Liang Fang, Chao Liu","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2460650","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2460650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Transdermal patches offer a unique advantage by providing extended therapeutic benefits while maintaining stable plasma drug concentration. The efficacy and safety of patches depend significantly on their ability to adhere to the skin, a feature influenced by various external and internal factors.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The review primarily focuses on the fundamental aspects of adhesion in transdermal patches, including basic information about the skin, the underlying principles of adhesion, drug delivery, and adhesion characteristics of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs), adhesion issues, impact factors, strategies to improve patch adhesion, and relevant molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The development of transdermal patches with sufficient adhesion for consistent and extended drug delivery remains a challenging task. Challenges in adhesion stem from the complex interplay among PSAs, permeation enhancers, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and other excipients in current patch compositions, further complicated by variations arising from dermatological factors. These intricacies significantly impede the consistent effectiveness of patches. Progress in the exploration of new PSA polymers, in conjunction with innovative patch compositions, is crucial for establishing an optimal equilibrium between drug utilization rate, drug-loading, drug release, and adhesion, thus effectively addressing the challenges related to adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"405-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future applications of cyclic antimicrobial peptides in drug delivery.","authors":"Dorna Davani-Davari, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, Keykavous Parang","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2460661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2460661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cyclic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are gaining attention as promising candidates in advanced drug delivery systems due to their structural stability, resistance to proteolytic degradation, and versatile therapeutic potential. Their unique properties enable applications that extend beyond combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Their amphipathic and cell-penetrating properties allow them to efficiently transport drugs across cellular membranes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the structural advantages and mechanisms of action of CAMPs, emphasizing their role in drug delivery. The literature analysis (2010-2024) from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science highlights developments in CAMP-conjugated therapies, liposomal formulations, and encapsulation systems. The review also examines their antimicrobial potency, amphipathic and cell-penetrating properties, and integration into nanocarrier technologies to enhance drug stability, bioavailability, and precision targeting. Challenges such as toxicity, scalability, and cost are also discussed. CAMPs have the potential to revolutionize drug delivery through their robustness and multifunctionality, particularly in precision medicine.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Future advancements in peptide engineering, nanotechnology, and AI-driven design are expected to enhance CAMPs' therapeutic specificity, reduce toxicity, and broaden their applications, including oncology and gene therapy, paving the way for their integration into next-generation therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"383-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing central nervous system drug delivery.","authors":"Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes, Irena Loryan","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2462767","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2462767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a major challenge due to the blood-brain barrier, restricting the entry of drugs into the brain. This limitation contributes to the ongoing lack of effective treatments for CNS diseases. To improve the process of drug discovery and development, it is crucial to streamline methods that measure clinically relevant parameters, allowing for good selection of drug candidates.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>In this paper, we discuss the essential prerequisites for successful CNS drug delivery and review relevant methods. We emphasize the need for closer collaboration between in vitro and in vivo scientists to improve the relevance of these methods and increase the success rate of developing effective CNS therapies. While our focus is on small molecule drugs, we also touch on some aspects of larger molecules.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Significant progress has been made in recent years in method development and their application. However, there is still work to be done before the use of in silico models, in vitro cell systems, and AI can consistently offer meaningful correlations and relationships to clinical data. This gap is partly due to limited patient data, but a lot can be achieved through in vivo research in animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"421-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-amplifying RNA virus vectors for drug delivery.","authors":"Kenneth Lundstrom","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2445675","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2445675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral vectors have proven useful for delivering genetic information, such as drugs and vaccines, for therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. Self-amplifying RNA viruses possess the special feature of high-level RNA amplification in the host cell cytoplasm providing high antigen production against infectious pathogens and various types of cancers, and expression of anti-tumor genes, toxic genes, and immunostimulatory genes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Self-amplifying RNA viral vectors have been evaluated in animal models and clinical trials for immune responses and protection against challenges with pathogenic infectious agents and tumor cells. Likewise, immune responses, tumor regression, and tumor eradication have been monitored in preclinical and clinical settings. The literature search used in the review is based on PubMed and clinical trial/biotechnology company websites up until September 2024.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Self-amplifying RNA viruses have elicited strong immune responses and vaccine efficacy in animal models and humans leading to the approval of the vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine against Ebola virus disease in both the US and Europe. Moreover, therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy has been demonstrated in animal tumor models and cancer patients. Self-amplifying RNA viruses have also been evaluated in mouse models for neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"181-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fungal quorum sensing molecules as potential drugs in the treatment of chronic wounds and their delivery.","authors":"Ilker S Bayer","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2452303","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2452303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic non-healing wounds have emerged as a significant global healthcare challenge. Biofilm induced wound infections has been widely acknowledged. Despite the advanced understanding of biofilm formation, the existing approaches for diagnosing biofilms in wounds remain considerably suboptimal. Chemical signals produced by fungi to sense their environment, known as quorum sensing (QS) molecules are anticipated to cause revolution in non-healing wound antisepsis.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Biofilms render chronic wounds resistant to treatment and impede tissue repair by inducing chronic inflammation. QS is a biochemical signaling pathway that involves certain secreted molecules, namely phenylethanoids, indolyl, and sesquiterpene alcohols that can significantly minimize and obliterate bacterial biofilms if properly applied and released in wound treatments.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>QS molecules (QSMs) possess inhibitory properties that obstruct the formation of microbial biofilms and exhibit synergism with common antimicrobials. They can disrupt biofilms formed by drug-resistant microorganisms. The understanding of the current mechanisms and advancements in the utilization of QSMs within diverse drug delivery systems, and their release dynamics will be crucial in new drug design and delivery. Exploration of co-delivery of drugs alongside QS molecules, and assessing their impact on healing of chronic wounds before moving to clinical trials remain unaddressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"277-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial and bacterial derivatives-based drug delivery systems: a novel approach for treating central nervous system disorders.","authors":"Shizhu Gao, Xin Li, Bing Han","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2444364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2444364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bacteria and their derivatives show great potential as drug delivery systems due to their unique chemotaxis, biocompatibility, and targeting abilities. In CNS disease treatment, bacterial carriers can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs precisely, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology have transformed these systems into multifunctional platforms for personalized CNS treatment.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review examines the latest research on bacterial carriers for treating ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and gliomas. Bacteria efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier via active targeting, endocytosis, paracellular transport, and the nose-to-brain route for precise drug delivery. Various bacterial drug delivery systems, such as OMVs and bacterial ghosts, are explored for their design and application. Databases were searched in Google Scholar for the period up to December 2024.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Future developments in bacterial drug delivery will rely on AI-driven design and high-throughput engineering, enhancing treatment precision. Personalized medicine will further optimize bacterial carriers for individual patients, but challenges such as biosafety, immune rejection, and scalability must be addressed. As multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies advance, bacterial carriers are expected to play a central role in CNS disease treatment, offering novel precision medicine solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"163-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noémie Alphonse, Thomas Sécher, Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
{"title":"A breath of fresh air: inhaled antibodies to combat respiratory infectious diseases - a clinical trial overview.","authors":"Noémie Alphonse, Thomas Sécher, Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2446608","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2446608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the worldwide growing burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), innovative therapeutic approaches are in high demand. Inhaled antibodies (Abs) represent a promising avenue, offering targeted treatment options with potentially better therapeutic index compared to traditional delivery methods.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This comprehensive review summarizes the challenges faced in delivering Abs by (intranasal and pulmonary) inhalation. It outlines the physiological and biological barriers encountered by inhaled drugs, as well as the influence of delivery devices and formulation on the deposition and efficacy of inhaled molecules. Moreover, it provides a detailed overview of the current clinical trial landscape of inhaled anti-RTI Abs, highlighting the progress in the development of inhaled Abs targeting a range of pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus. The mechanism of action, therapeutic targets, and clinical outcomes of these novel therapies are detailed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Delivery of Abs by inhalation faces several challenges. Addressing these challenges and developing specific approaches to deliver inhaled Abs represent a promising avenue for the development of the next generation of inhaled Abs. By offering targeted, localized therapy with the potential for a better therapeutic index, inhaled Abs could significantly improve outcomes for patients with RTIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"197-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Roadmap to discovery and early development of an mRNA loaded LNP formulation for liver therapeutic genome editing.","authors":"Annette Bak, Liping Zhou, Joanna Rejman, Marianna Yanez Arteta, Gunilla Nilsson, Marianne Ashford","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2452295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2452295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>mRNA therapeutics were a niche area in drug development before COVID vaccines. They are now used in vaccine development, for non-viral therapeutic genome editing, <i>in vivo</i> chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapies and protein replacement. mRNA is large, charged, and easily degraded by nucleases. It cannot get into cells, escape the endosome, and be translated to a disease-modifying protein without a delivery system such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This article covers how to design, select, and develop an LNP for therapeutic genome editing in the liver. The roadmap is divided into selecting the right LNP for discovery via a design, make, test, and analyze cycle (DMTA). The design elements are focused on ionizable lipids in a 4-component LNP, and insights are provided for how to set an <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing strategy. The second section focuses on transforming the LNP into a clinical drug product and covers formulation, analytical development, and process optimization, with brief notes on supply and regulator strategies.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The perspective discusses the impact that academic-industry collaborations can have on developing new medicines for therapeutic genome editing in the liver. From the cited collaborations an enhanced understanding of intracellular trafficking, notably endosomal escape, and the internal structure of LNPs were attained and are deemed key to designing effective and safe LNPs. The knowledge gained will also enable additional assays and structural activity relationships, which would lead to the design of the next-generation delivery systems for nucleic acid therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"239-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}