{"title":"Assessing central nervous system drug delivery.","authors":"Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes, Irena Loryan","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2462767","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2462767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a major challenge due to the blood-brain barrier, restricting the entry of drugs into the brain. This limitation contributes to the ongoing lack of effective treatments for CNS diseases. To improve the process of drug discovery and development, it is crucial to streamline methods that measure clinically relevant parameters, allowing for good selection of drug candidates.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>In this paper, we discuss the essential prerequisites for successful CNS drug delivery and review relevant methods. We emphasize the need for closer collaboration between in vitro and in vivo scientists to improve the relevance of these methods and increase the success rate of developing effective CNS therapies. While our focus is on small molecule drugs, we also touch on some aspects of larger molecules.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Significant progress has been made in recent years in method development and their application. However, there is still work to be done before the use of in silico models, in vitro cell systems, and AI can consistently offer meaningful correlations and relationships to clinical data. This gap is partly due to limited patient data, but a lot can be achieved through in vivo research in animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"421-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-amplifying RNA virus vectors for drug delivery.","authors":"Kenneth Lundstrom","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2445675","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2445675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral vectors have proven useful for delivering genetic information, such as drugs and vaccines, for therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. Self-amplifying RNA viruses possess the special feature of high-level RNA amplification in the host cell cytoplasm providing high antigen production against infectious pathogens and various types of cancers, and expression of anti-tumor genes, toxic genes, and immunostimulatory genes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Self-amplifying RNA viral vectors have been evaluated in animal models and clinical trials for immune responses and protection against challenges with pathogenic infectious agents and tumor cells. Likewise, immune responses, tumor regression, and tumor eradication have been monitored in preclinical and clinical settings. The literature search used in the review is based on PubMed and clinical trial/biotechnology company websites up until September 2024.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Self-amplifying RNA viruses have elicited strong immune responses and vaccine efficacy in animal models and humans leading to the approval of the vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine against Ebola virus disease in both the US and Europe. Moreover, therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy has been demonstrated in animal tumor models and cancer patients. Self-amplifying RNA viruses have also been evaluated in mouse models for neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"181-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fungal quorum sensing molecules as potential drugs in the treatment of chronic wounds and their delivery.","authors":"Ilker S Bayer","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2452303","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2452303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic non-healing wounds have emerged as a significant global healthcare challenge. Biofilm induced wound infections has been widely acknowledged. Despite the advanced understanding of biofilm formation, the existing approaches for diagnosing biofilms in wounds remain considerably suboptimal. Chemical signals produced by fungi to sense their environment, known as quorum sensing (QS) molecules are anticipated to cause revolution in non-healing wound antisepsis.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Biofilms render chronic wounds resistant to treatment and impede tissue repair by inducing chronic inflammation. QS is a biochemical signaling pathway that involves certain secreted molecules, namely phenylethanoids, indolyl, and sesquiterpene alcohols that can significantly minimize and obliterate bacterial biofilms if properly applied and released in wound treatments.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>QS molecules (QSMs) possess inhibitory properties that obstruct the formation of microbial biofilms and exhibit synergism with common antimicrobials. They can disrupt biofilms formed by drug-resistant microorganisms. The understanding of the current mechanisms and advancements in the utilization of QSMs within diverse drug delivery systems, and their release dynamics will be crucial in new drug design and delivery. Exploration of co-delivery of drugs alongside QS molecules, and assessing their impact on healing of chronic wounds before moving to clinical trials remain unaddressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"277-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial and bacterial derivatives-based drug delivery systems: a novel approach for treating central nervous system disorders.","authors":"Shizhu Gao, Xin Li, Bing Han","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2444364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2444364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bacteria and their derivatives show great potential as drug delivery systems due to their unique chemotaxis, biocompatibility, and targeting abilities. In CNS disease treatment, bacterial carriers can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs precisely, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology have transformed these systems into multifunctional platforms for personalized CNS treatment.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review examines the latest research on bacterial carriers for treating ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and gliomas. Bacteria efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier via active targeting, endocytosis, paracellular transport, and the nose-to-brain route for precise drug delivery. Various bacterial drug delivery systems, such as OMVs and bacterial ghosts, are explored for their design and application. Databases were searched in Google Scholar for the period up to December 2024.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Future developments in bacterial drug delivery will rely on AI-driven design and high-throughput engineering, enhancing treatment precision. Personalized medicine will further optimize bacterial carriers for individual patients, but challenges such as biosafety, immune rejection, and scalability must be addressed. As multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies advance, bacterial carriers are expected to play a central role in CNS disease treatment, offering novel precision medicine solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"163-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noémie Alphonse, Thomas Sécher, Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
{"title":"A breath of fresh air: inhaled antibodies to combat respiratory infectious diseases - a clinical trial overview.","authors":"Noémie Alphonse, Thomas Sécher, Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2446608","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2446608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the worldwide growing burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), innovative therapeutic approaches are in high demand. Inhaled antibodies (Abs) represent a promising avenue, offering targeted treatment options with potentially better therapeutic index compared to traditional delivery methods.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This comprehensive review summarizes the challenges faced in delivering Abs by (intranasal and pulmonary) inhalation. It outlines the physiological and biological barriers encountered by inhaled drugs, as well as the influence of delivery devices and formulation on the deposition and efficacy of inhaled molecules. Moreover, it provides a detailed overview of the current clinical trial landscape of inhaled anti-RTI Abs, highlighting the progress in the development of inhaled Abs targeting a range of pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus. The mechanism of action, therapeutic targets, and clinical outcomes of these novel therapies are detailed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Delivery of Abs by inhalation faces several challenges. Addressing these challenges and developing specific approaches to deliver inhaled Abs represent a promising avenue for the development of the next generation of inhaled Abs. By offering targeted, localized therapy with the potential for a better therapeutic index, inhaled Abs could significantly improve outcomes for patients with RTIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"197-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Roadmap to discovery and early development of an mRNA loaded LNP formulation for liver therapeutic genome editing.","authors":"Annette Bak, Liping Zhou, Joanna Rejman, Marianna Yanez Arteta, Gunilla Nilsson, Marianne Ashford","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2452295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2452295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>mRNA therapeutics were a niche area in drug development before COVID vaccines. They are now used in vaccine development, for non-viral therapeutic genome editing, <i>in vivo</i> chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapies and protein replacement. mRNA is large, charged, and easily degraded by nucleases. It cannot get into cells, escape the endosome, and be translated to a disease-modifying protein without a delivery system such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This article covers how to design, select, and develop an LNP for therapeutic genome editing in the liver. The roadmap is divided into selecting the right LNP for discovery via a design, make, test, and analyze cycle (DMTA). The design elements are focused on ionizable lipids in a 4-component LNP, and insights are provided for how to set an <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing strategy. The second section focuses on transforming the LNP into a clinical drug product and covers formulation, analytical development, and process optimization, with brief notes on supply and regulator strategies.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The perspective discusses the impact that academic-industry collaborations can have on developing new medicines for therapeutic genome editing in the liver. From the cited collaborations an enhanced understanding of intracellular trafficking, notably endosomal escape, and the internal structure of LNPs were attained and are deemed key to designing effective and safe LNPs. The knowledge gained will also enable additional assays and structural activity relationships, which would lead to the design of the next-generation delivery systems for nucleic acid therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"239-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramkumar Menon, Lauren S Richardson, Ananth Kumar Kammala
{"title":"How can we advance drug delivery options using extracellular vesicles for pregnant women to reduce preterm birth?","authors":"Ramkumar Menon, Lauren S Richardson, Ananth Kumar Kammala","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2449955","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2449955","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"139-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Željka Vanić, May Wenche Jøraholmen, Nataša Škalko-Basnet
{"title":"Challenges and considerations in liposomal hydrogels for the treatment of infection.","authors":"Željka Vanić, May Wenche Jøraholmen, Nataša Škalko-Basnet","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2451620","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2025.2451620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Liposomal hydrogels are novel drug delivery systems that comprise preformed liposomes incorporated in hydrogels destined for mostly localized drug therapy, herewith antimicrobial therapy. The formulation benefits from versatility of liposomes as lipid-based nanocarriers that enable delivery of various antimicrobials of different lipophilicities, and secondary vehicle, hydrogel, that assures better retention time of formulation at the infection site. Especially in an era of alarming antimicrobial resistance, efficient localized antimicrobial therapy that avoids systemic exposure of antimicrobial and related side effects is crucial.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We provide an overview of liposomal hydrogels that were developed for superior delivery of antimicrobials at different infections sites, with focus on skin and vaginal infections. The review summarizes the challenges of infection site and most common infection-causing pathogens and offers commentary on most relevant features the formulation needs to optimize to increase the therapy outcome. We discuss the impact of liposomal composition, size, and choice of polymer-forming hydrogel on antimicrobial outcome based on the literature overview and own experience in the field.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Liposomal hydrogels offer improved therapy outcome in localized antimicrobial therapy. By fine-tuning of liposomal as well as hydrogel properties, formulations with superior performance can be optimized targeting specific infection site.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"255-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arkady S Abdurashtov, Pavel I Proshin, Gleb B Sukhorukov
{"title":"The pursuit of linear dosage in pharmacy: reservoir-based drug delivery systems from macro to micro scale.","authors":"Arkady S Abdurashtov, Pavel I Proshin, Gleb B Sukhorukov","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2448026","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2448026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The pursuit of linear dosage in pharmacy is essential for achieving consistent therapeutic release and enhancing patient compliance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of zero-order drug delivery systems, with a particular focus on reservoir-based systems emanated from different microfabrication technologies.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The consideration of recent advances in drug delivery systems is given to encompass the key areas including the importance of achieving a constant drug release rate for therapeutic applications. Detailed examination of reservoir-based systems, their design, mechanisms of action and materials used are highlighted. By addressing these areas, the discussion aims to provide a thorough understanding of most recent zero-order drug delivery systems, their performance advantages and methods of their manufacturing. To ensure the complete coverage of the explored research area, modern AI-assistant tools were used to find not only the most relevant, but also connected and similar articles.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Future developments in reservoir-based drug delivery systems are expected to significantly enhance therapeutic effectiveness and patient outcomes through the integration of innovative materials and technologies. The fabrication of intelligent drug delivery systems that utilize sensors and feedback mechanisms can enable real-time monitoring of drug release and patient reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"219-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahfoozur Rahman, Janhvi Singh, Alhussain Aodah, Majed Alrobaian, Nabil K Alruwaili, Waleed H Almalki, Salem Salman Almujri, Safia Obaidur Rab, Osama A Madkhali, Ankit Sahoo, Jonathan A Lal
{"title":"Chiral nanosystem and chiral supraparticles for drug delivery: an expert opinion.","authors":"Mahfoozur Rahman, Janhvi Singh, Alhussain Aodah, Majed Alrobaian, Nabil K Alruwaili, Waleed H Almalki, Salem Salman Almujri, Safia Obaidur Rab, Osama A Madkhali, Ankit Sahoo, Jonathan A Lal","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2444347","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2024.2444347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chiral nanocarriers enhance therapeutic efficacy by improving in vivo stability and cellular uptake. Chemical functionalization reduces cytotoxicity, resulting in favorable biocompatibility. Nanoparticles self-assemble into supraparticles, enhancing drug delivery through improved retention and drug loading.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review covers chiral nanostructures and chiral supraparticles, and their applications in drug delivery and various healthcare applications.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The chirality of biomaterials is crucial for advancing nanomedicine. Chiral nanosystem enhance drug delivery by interacting selectively with biological molecules, improving their specificity and efficacy. This reduces off-target effects and improves therapeutic outcomes. Research has focused on cellular uptake and elimination to ensure safety, and chiral nanomaterials also show promise in optical sensing and gene editing. Their biocompatibility and ability to self-assemble into supraparticles may make them ideal for drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94004,"journal":{"name":"Expert opinion on drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"143-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}