Samuel González-López, Pedro Peiró, Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
{"title":"Chronic Exposure to Pesticides in Amphibians: Assessing the Effects of Flupyradifurone and 2,4-D on the Development of Discoglossus galganoi and Pelophylax perezi.","authors":"Samuel González-López, Pedro Peiró, Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.105039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrate taxa globally, yet remain underrepresented in pesticide risk assessments. We evaluated the chronic effects of the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide flupyradifurone-alone and in combination-on larval development in two amphibian species with contrasting ecologies: Discoglossus galganoi and Pelophylax perezi. Larvae were exposed throughout development to a range of concentrations (0.01-100mg/L), and endpoints included survival, metamorphic timing, body condition, and malformations. Pelophylax perezi showed limited sensitivity, with effects only at the highest flupyradifurone concentration (100mg/L). In contrast, D. galganoi displayed marked susceptibility to both pesticides and their mixtures, including elevated mortality, growth inhibition, delayed metamorphosis, and increased malformations-particularly under 2,4-D exposure. These species-specific responses underscore the limitations of current vertebrate surrogate models and the need for amphibian-inclusive risk assessments, particularly under realistic exposure scenarios involving pesticide mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":93992,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"105039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristiana Lopes, Filipe Banha, Sílvia Pires, Pedro Brandão, Daniel Oliveira, Ana Luchiari, Pedro Anastácio, Andreia Rodrigues, Marta C Soares
{"title":"The impact of oxybenzone on the neurophysiological and oxidative stress response, dispersal and aggressiveness of the Invasive Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).","authors":"Cristiana Lopes, Filipe Banha, Sílvia Pires, Pedro Brandão, Daniel Oliveira, Ana Luchiari, Pedro Anastácio, Andreia Rodrigues, Marta C Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.105040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxibenzone (BP-3) is a widely used UV filter and an emerging aquatic pollutant. The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, a globally widespread species recognized both as food and as an invasive species, may be affected. However, the effects of BP-3 on its physiology, dispersal, aggressiveness, remain unclear. Throughout a holistic experimental trial, this study evaluated biochemical, physiological, and behavioral responses of P. clarkii after 15 days of exposure to 10, 100, and 1000µg/L BP-3. Behavioral assays assessing dispersal and aggressiveness showed no significant effects. However, biochemical results revealed sex-dependent impacts. Muscle tissue showed oxidative damage through increased lipid peroxidation at higher concentrations. A decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity in the eyes of larger individuals seemed linked to growth-related physiological changes. Metabolic biomarkers also indicated altered energy storage, with elevated lipid and protein content in muscle. Overall, findings highlight P. clarkii capacities to cope with the ecological risks of sunscreen-derived pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":93992,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"105040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soha Salah, Päivi Myllynen, Petra Přibylová, Petr Kukučka, Liisa Laatio, Elina Sieppi, Maria Kummu, Saranya Palaniswamy, Khaled Abass
{"title":"Prenatal flame-retardant exposure and birth outcomes in the Northern Finland mother-child cohort (NUGEN).","authors":"Soha Salah, Päivi Myllynen, Petra Přibylová, Petr Kukučka, Liisa Laatio, Elina Sieppi, Maria Kummu, Saranya Palaniswamy, Khaled Abass","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.105037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.105037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PBDEs are flame retardants that may affect pregnancy and birth outcomes. This study analysed 102 paired maternal-cord plasma samples from the Northern Finland cohort to examine associations between flame retardants and birth outcomes. Maternal BDE-28 was associated with birth weight and birth weight z-score (β=0.13, 95%CI: 0.04-0.22, p=0.002) and remained significant after adjustment. Adjusted maternal BDE-153 was associated with birth weight (β=137.1, 95%CI: 5.60-268.5, p=0.040) and birth length (β=0.65, 95%CI: 0.02-1.29, p=0.041). Placental weight was associated with maternal BDE-28 (β=12.53, 95%CI: 1.69-23.38, p=0.020), adjusted maternal BDE-47 (β= 16.93, 95%CI: 0.31-33.55, p=0.040), and total cord BFRs (β=26.97, 95%CI: 0.38-53.55, p=0.040). Gestational age was associated with maternal BDE-28 after adjustment (β=12.44, 95%CI: 1.62-23.26, p=0.020). Inclusion of paternal factors affected some associations. These findings suggest that PBDE exposure is linked to variation in birth outcomes and that including paternal factors and population-based reference standards may influence the overall interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93992,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"105037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate-induced oxidative stress and tissue damage in Tubifex tubifex: A comprehensive toxicological study.","authors":"Debanjali Chakraborty, Surajit Ghosh, Ahamadul Hoque Mandal, Triparna Roy, Auroshree Sadhu, Dipanwita Sarkar Paria, Nimai Chandra Saha, Mentor Sopjani, Shubhajit Saha, Caterina Faggio","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the acute and sublethal toxicity of SDBS was assessed using Tubifex tubifex. In an acute toxicity bioassay, the 96-hour LC₅₀ value for SDBS was determined to be 13.358 mg/L. The survival probability of the test organism under elevated SDBS concentrations was further assessed using General Unified Threshold models of Survival (GUTS), where the GUTS-Individual Tolerance (IT) model was applied over the GUTS-Stochastic Death (SD) model. T. tubifex was exposed for 14 days to concentrations equivalent to 10 % and 20 % of the 96-hour LC₅₀ value (1.33 mg/L and 2.67 mg/L). Significant alterations were observed in total protein content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histopathological markers. Specifically, levels of proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) decreased, while glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, indicating oxidative stress. These findings suggest exposure to sublethal levels of SDBS may compromise physiological integrity and antioxidative defense mechanisms in invertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":93992,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"104778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes, Joyce Bovo, Jaqueline Aparecida da Silva, Pollyana Leão Gonçalves, Marco Antônio de Oliveira, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
{"title":"Larval exposure to thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin impairs the morphology of the midgut and Malpighian tubules in newly emerged workers of Scaptotrigona postica (Hymenoptera: Meliponini).","authors":"Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes, Joyce Bovo, Jaqueline Aparecida da Silva, Pollyana Leão Gonçalves, Marco Antônio de Oliveira, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The indiscriminate use of pesticides to control various pests, including insects and fungi, raises concerns about the potential long-term effects of these toxic substances on pollinators. In this study, we evaluated the effects of larval exposure to the insecticide thiamethoxam and the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the morphology of the midgut and Malpighian tubules in newly emerged Scaptotrigona postica workers. The results revealed that larvae exposed to insecticides, alone and in combination, developed into adult workers with an increased loss of cytoplasmic material in the midgut and Malpighian tubules, suggesting autophagic cell death. The loss of brush border integrity was more pronounced following pesticide treatment, suggesting potential impairment of nutrient digestion and absorption. Cell elimination was observed exclusively in the combination treatment group, indicating a synergistic interaction between the pesticides for this particular effect. These effects result in health impairments in adult bees, potentially compromising pollination services.</p>","PeriodicalId":93992,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"104780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histopathology and changes in the expression of metallothioneins, heat shock proteins and inducible nitric oxide synthase in Prochilodus costatus from a neotropical river contaminated by heavy metals.","authors":"Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini, Yves Moreira Ribeiro, Breno Thuller, Camila Leandro Gomes Soares, Elizete Rizzo, Nilo Bazzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most recent dam rupture in Brazil released tons of mining tailings into the upper course of the Paraopeba River, affecting this river in an unprecedented way. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of heavy metals on Prochilodus costatus, an important commercial species in Brazil, four years after the dam colapse. To this end, biomarkers of heavy metals, oxidative stress, and environmental stress were analyzed, and histological analyses of target organs were performed. The results demonstrated critical contamination of fish from the Paraopeba River. Increased expression of Metallothioneins - MTs, Heat Shock Protein - HSP70, and inducible nitric oxide synthase - iNOS, as well as greater rates of histological changes in the liver, spleen, and gonads, were observed in P. costatus. These findings demonstrate that, despite past contamination, the metals present in mining tailings have significantly increased the contamination of the Paraopeba River basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":93992,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"104473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gene expression profiles and protein-protein interaction networks in THP-1 cells exposed to metal-based nanomaterials.","authors":"Šíma Michal, Líbalová Helena, Závodná Táňa, Vrbová Kristýna, Kléma Jiří, Rössner Pavel","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2024.104469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analyzed gene expression in THP-1 cells exposed to metal-based nanomaterials (NMs) [TiO<sub>2</sub> (NM-100), ZnO (NM-110), SiO<sub>2</sub> (NM-200), Ag (NM-300 K)]. A functional enrichment analysis of the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified the key modulated biological processes and pathways. DEGs were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks. NM-110 and NM-300 K induced changes in the expression of genes involved in oxidative and genotoxic stress, immune response, alterations of cell cycle, detoxification of metal ions and regulation of redox-sensitive pathways. Both NMs shared a number of highly connected protein nodes (hubs) including CXCL8, ATF3, HMOX1, and IL1B. NM-200 induced limited transcriptional changes, mostly related to the immune response; however, several hubs (CXCL8, ATF3) were identical with NM-110 and NM-300 K. No effects of NM-100 were observed. Overall, soluble nanomaterials NM-110 and NM-300 K exerted a wide variety of toxic effects, while insoluble NM-200 induced immunotoxicity; NM-100 caused no detectable changes on the gene expression level.</p>","PeriodicalId":93992,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"104469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chlorpyrifos-induced suppression of the antioxidative defense system leads to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in macrophages.","authors":"Yin-Che Lu, Chen-Yu Chiang, Shih-Pin Chen, Yu-Wei Hsu, Wen-Ying Chen, Chun-Jung Chen, Yu-Hsiang Kuan, Sheng-Wen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2024.104468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorpyrifos, widely used for pest control, is known to have various harmful effects, although its toxic effects in macrophages and the mechanisms underlying its toxicity remain unclear. The present study investigated the toxic effects of chlorypyrifos in a macrophage cell line. Here, we found that chlorpyrifos induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, chlorpyrifos induced intracellular ROS production, subsequently leading to lipid peroxidation. Chlorpyrifos reduced the activation of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Chlorpyrifos upregulated HO-1 expression and activated the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, as indicated by enhanced Nrf2 phosphorylation and Keap1 degradation. Chlorpyrifos exerted effects on the following in a dose-dependent manner: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS production, antioxidative enzyme activity reduction, HO-1 expression, Nrf2 phosphorylation, and Keap1 degradation. Notably, N-acetyl-L-cysteine successfully inhibited chlorpyrifos-induced intracellular ROS generation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Thus, chlorpyrifos may induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by promoting intracellular ROS production and suppressing the antioxidative defense system activation in macrophages.</p>","PeriodicalId":93992,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"104468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}