Endokrynologia Polska最新文献

{"title":"Antibodies against the receptor for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1RAb), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in the serum of patients with Graves' and Basedow's disease with and without orbitopathy.","authors":"Mariusz Nowak, Tomasz Wielkoszyński, Magdalena Londzin-Olesik, Wojciech Nowak, Bogdan Marek, Beata Kos-Kudła, Lucyna Siemińska, Joanna Głogowska-Szeląg, Dariusz Kajdaniuk, Jacek Karpe","doi":"10.5603/ep.102336","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.102336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Proven risk factors for thyroid orbitopathy (TO) are thyroid dysfunction, smoking, and high levels of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), and the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), the receptor for IGF-1 (IGF-1R), and antibodies to the receptor for IGF-1 (IGF-1RAb) are also debated. IGF-1R is overexpressed in fibroblasts and orbital lymphocytes in TO patients. It forms a functional complex and mediates signal transduction through thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). The study aimed to evaluate the levels of IGF-1RAb, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 in a group of Graves' and Basedow's disease (GBD) patients with or without TO.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixty-seven patients were included in the study, including 47 GBD and 20 control patients. In the GBD group, 31 patients were diagnosed with active TO and were treated with immunosuppressive therapy according to the standard of European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) guidelines. In this group, 10 patients were in the sight-threatening stage of TO severity according to EUGOGO classification. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were determined with the use of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) methods. IGF-1RAb was measured by the \"in-house\" constructed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Including our cut-off value (Q75 - 232.48 ng/mL), positive serum IGF-1RAb was found in 25% of patients in the control group (5 out of 20 patients), in 38.3 % (18 out of 47 patients) of patients with GBD, and in 22.5% of GBD patients with active TO (7 out of 31 patients). In GBD patients with active TO, there were no differences in IGF-1RAb when compared to the control group but with a significantly lower level when compared to the GBD patients without active TO. The group of patients with active TO in the sight-threatening stage had significantly lower values of IGF-1RAb compared to the group of patients with GBD without the presence of TO (p = 0.004). There was also a difference in IGF-1RAb concentration between the groups in moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening stages of TO before starting immunosuppressive treatment (p = 0.014). There was no difference in IGF-1 levels between the control group and GBD patients with active TO before starting immunosuppressive treatment and GBD patients without active TO. The was a significant difference in IGF-1 concentration between the group with moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening stages of TO before starting immunosuppressive treatment (p = 0.009). We found significantly lower IGFBP-3 concentrations in GBD patients regardless of the presence of TO compared to the control group (p = 0.016). There was no difference in IGFBP-3 concentrations between patients with moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening stages of TO (p = 0.203).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that high IGF-1RAb levels may have a protective effect against the onset or severe course of TO,","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"76 1","pages":"40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggressive craniopharyngioma with problematic course.","authors":"Miłosz Chwiałkowski, Grzegorz Zieliński","doi":"10.5603/ep.103701","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.103701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Not required for Clinical Vignette.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":"226-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using non-invasive indicators to screen the PCOS population for liver disease - a single-centre study.","authors":"Maciej Migacz, Dagmara Pluta, Kamil Barański, Bartosz Krajewski, Paweł Madej, Michał Holecki","doi":"10.5603/ep.101901","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.101901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Studies show an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and an increased incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in this patient group. Diagnostic tools that can screen relevant groups of PCOS' patients for liver disease are still being sought.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Our study included 242 patients with PCOS diagnosed on the basis of the Rotterdam criteria, which we divided according to phenotypes. Using the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and BAAT (BMI, age, ALT, triglycerides) calculators, we conducted screening for liver disease in each group of patients. In addition, we compared the results of anthropometric measurements, androgen serum levels, and Homeostatic Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index in each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The values of the FIB-4 and BAAT indices in this study are small regardless of phenotype. A notably significant difference in FIB-4 was found only between phenotypes A and B (p = 0.01). The median of the FIB-4 index among patients with phenotype B was Me:-0.51; interquartile range (IQR): 0.22. The median of FIB-4 index among patients with phenotype A was Me: -0.41; IQR: 0.18. The groups of PCOS patients divided by phenotypes based on the BAAT index are similar, a difference that was statistically insignificant (p = 0.3). The lowest levels of insulin were noted in phenotype C, and it was significantly different from levels of insulin in phenotype B. The multiple comparisons for levels of glucose and HOMA-IR were not significantly different.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The probability of liver fibrosis in the PCOS patients examined on the basis of both the FIB-4 and BAAT indices is low, which is probably due to the young age of the subjects. Higher FIB-4 index results were obtained in the group of patients with phenotype B compared to the group with phenotype A, and the group with phenotype B was similar to the groups with phenotype C and D. Moreover, based on our results, we demonstrated lower level of insulin in phenotype C compared to the group with phenotype B. The BAAT index result proved to be statistically insignificant in the studied patients, with a breakdown by PCOS phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"76 1","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Satiety molecules\" - nesfatin-1 and glucagon-like peptide 1 in blood serum in patients with anorexia nervosa and obesity.","authors":"Małgorzata Blaska, Katarzyna Gołąb-Jenerał, Katarzyna Ziora","doi":"10.5603/ep.104689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.104689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nesfatin-1 (NESF-1) is a neuropeptide occurring in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Strongly associated with anxiety, it regulates glucose levels and is a negative modulator of food intake. Intracerebroventricularly injected nesfatin-1 in experimental animals inhibits food intake, whereas administration of a NESF-1 neutralizing antibody stimulates their appetite. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a gastrointestinal ormone released ca. 15-30 min. after a meal, demonstrates incretin properties. Peripheral administration of GLP-1 stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, slows down the emptying of the stomach, and reduces the feeling of hunger and the quantity of food ingested by the obese population.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A review of the medical database PubMed was carried out covering the years 1990-2024 in terms of blood concentrations of nesfatin-1 and GLP-1 in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and simple obesity and the role of these hormones in the etiopathogenesis of the eating disorders referred to above.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the review of the available literature, it was noted that concentrations of NESF-1 in blood serum are reduced in the group of adult patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and higher in the group of obese patients, in comparison to a control group of individuals with normal body weight. Findings of research on blood concentrations of GLP-1 in adult subjects with AN are divergent - they point to higher, reduced, or not significantly different GLP-1 levels as compared to the control group. According to the studies, in obese subjects basal GLP-1 levels in blood do not differ significantly from those of subjects with normal body weight, whereas after a meal or glucose administration they are significantly reduced compared to obese subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nesfatin-1 and GLP-1 are associated with eating disorders, although their role has not been fully clarified so far. Regulation of concentrations of these peptides is assumed to be important in adaptation processes of an organism to deficient and excessive body weight or to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of anorexia nervosa and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"76 2","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary localization diagnostics in primary hyperparathyroidism. Review of visualization techniques including ultrasonography, PTH washout, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, and 18F-choline PET.","authors":"Agnieszka Witowska, Maja Cieślewicz, Weronika Suchecka, Rafał Czepczyński, Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska, Marek Ruchała","doi":"10.5603/ep.103003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.103003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary hyperparathyroidism is a set of symptoms caused by overproduction of parathormone (PTH), leading to impaired calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Proper diagnosis and detection of a parathyroid adenoma, including ectopic ones, is crucial to confirm the diagnosis and to tailor further treatment. In clinical practice, preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas is a difficult task. Conventional imaging studies such as ultrasonography (US) and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy often cause unequivocal results; therefore, additional examinations are needed. The following paper discusses currently available diagnostic methods that could help in doubtful cases, and which should be considered during localization of parathyroid lesions.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>When writing the following paper, we researched medical databases, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, for papers published in 2000-2024 with special attention paid to the latest articles published in the past 5 years. The presented data are gathered from 66 selected publications on primary hyperparathyroidism and contemporary methods of localization diagnostics by keywords: \"primary hyperparathyroidism\", \"parathyroids\", \"parathormone\", \"MIBI\", \"scintigraphy\", \"parathyroids ultrasonography\", \"parathyroid adenoma\", \"parathyroid localization diagnostics\", \"imaging studies in hyperparathyroidism\", \"minimally invasive surgery in hyperparathyroidism\", \"18F-choline\", \"PET\", and \"PTH washout.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Use of positron emission tomography with 18F-choline (18F-FCH PET/CT) or parathormone washout from ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) increases the effectiveness of localization diagnostics. Due to the high sensitivity of those tests, contemporary reports emphasize their value more often than ever. These examinations have a great impact on the accurate identification of parathyroid lesions, and in some cases they allow minimally invasive surgery to be performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The following paper underlines a need for determination of a perfect tool for primary hyperparathyroidism localization diagnostics based on its sensitivity and availability; however, contemporary available tests and exams when combined may bring great results and allow a patient to be qualified for a minimally invasive surgical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"76 2","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture risk assessment based on FRAX scores and Polish guidelines in patients with newly diagnosed osteopaenia.","authors":"Karol Cieślak, Marta Michalska-Kasiczak, Katarzyna Płoszka, Michał Stuss, Ewa Sewerynek","doi":"10.5603/ep.103468","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.103468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis qualifies patients to a diagnostic-therapeutic process, but densitometric evaluation may not be sufficient for osteopaenic patients. Therefore, it is essential to assess osteoporosis risk factors, fracture history, and 10-year fracture risk, and classify patients into low-, medium-, high-, or very high-risk categories. In our study, we aimed to assess the risk of fractures in patients with newly diagnosed osteopaenia and determine the percentage of patients at high and very high risk of fracture.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 89 postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed osteopaenia as determined by a T-score of the femoral neck and/or lumbar spine from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans between -1.0 and -2.5 standard deviations (SD). Demographic data and laboratory tests were collected. Additionally, based on the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX-PL) calculator including bone mineral density (BMD), 10-year fracture risk was calculated for major osteoporotic fractures (FRAX MOF) and hip fractures (FRAX HF). Each patient was then classified into particular risk groups based on FRAX and modified fracture risk assessment criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study found the most common risk factors to be glucocorticoid intake (47.19%), parental hip fracture (46.07%), and smoking (39.33%). In the general population, 56.6% of subjects had at least one fracture in adulthood. The FRAX calculator showed that 39.33% of the patients had a very high risk of HF and 34.83% had a very high risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF). A high fracture risk for hip fractures (HF) and MOF was noted in 11.24% and 40.45% of the patients, whereas a medium and low risk of MOF was seen in 17.98% and 6.74%, respectively. Significantly more subjects (53.93%) had been classified as being at very high risk of fracture, based on the expanded criteria than on the basis of FRAX alone. Of these, 48.31% met the criteria of FRAX > 15% for MOF or > 4.5% for HF, and 7.87% had multiple (≥ 2) major fractures. Women aged 70-75 years were at the highest risk of fracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the importance of categorising fracture risk in osteopaenic patients, and show that the number of patients at very high fracture risk increases when the expanded criteria from the latest Polish guidelines are applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"76 1","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4-phenylbutyric acid attenuates diabetes mellitus secondary to thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia syndrome by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.","authors":"Yumei Qin, Xuan Zhang, Yuping Ye, Min Chen, Yuanyuan Qin, Faquan Lin","doi":"10.5603/ep.101404","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.101404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia syndrome (TRMA) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the SLC19A2 gene that encodes thiamine transporter 1 (THTR-1). The common manifestations are diabetes, anaemia, and deafness. The pathogenic mechanism has not yet been clarified.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Rat pancreatic islet tumour cells INS.1 were used to construct cell lines stably overexpressing wild-type SLC19A2 and SLC19A2 (c.1409insT) mutants. The mRNA and protein expressions of THTR-1 and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated factors were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot methods, respectively. Flow cytometry and cell counting kit-8 were used to analyse the effects of SLC19A2 (c.1409insT) mutation on cell apoptosis and proliferation, respectively. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ERS inhibitor, was administered to SLC19A2 (c.1409insT)-mutated INS.1 cells, and then the mRNA and protein expressions of ERS-related factors in cells were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mutations in the SLC19A2 (c.1409insT) promote apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation, thereby upregulating the mRNA and protein levels of ERS-associated factors glucose-regulated protein 78, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, C/EBP homologous protein, and activating transcription factor 4. 4-PBA could inhibit ERS caused by SLC19A2 (c.1409insT) mutations, downregulate mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, and protect pancreatic islet β-cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>THTR-1 deficiency triggers diabetes in TRMA patients through ERS, and 4-PBA protects pancreatic islet β-cells by inhibiting ERS, which provides new ideas and intervention targets for the prevention and treatment of TRMA and diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"76 1","pages":"108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 1 levels in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.","authors":"Mehmet Kök, Rahime Aslankoç, Özlem Özmen, Hamit Yaşar Ellidağ","doi":"10.5603/ep.104494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.104494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are metabolic disorders and global problems, the most significant complication of which is endothelial damage and the accompanying platelet hyperactivity, which leads to cardiovascular disease. Signal peptide, CUB, and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE1) is a protein secreted by both the endothelial cells and platelets. The present study compares the serum SCUBE1 levels of rats with experimentally induced obesity, T1DM, T2DM, and control subjects. It makes a comparative evaluation of the relationship between the groups.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Included in the study were 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats that were allocated to the obese group fed a high-fat diet (HFD); the T2DM group that received HFD plus a single dose of streptozocin (STZ); the T1DM group that received only STZ; and the control group. Serum SCUBE1 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and caspase-3 (Cas-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (INF-γ), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expressions in the liver and pancreas of rats were evaluated using immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum SCUBE1 levels were significantly higher in the obese, T1DM, and T2DM groups than in the control group, but there was no significant difference among the obese, T1DM, and T2DM groups. The study identified a significant relationship between serum SCUBE1 level and hepatic CAS3, IL-6, and SOD expressions and pancreatic SOD expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The expression of SCUBE1 in both endothelial cells and platelets suggests that SCUBE1 could be used as a marker of endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity, which are significant complications in obesity, T1DM, and T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"76 2","pages":"191-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between mild autonomous cortisol secretion and metabolic diseases in cases with adrenal incidentaloma.","authors":"Beril Turan Erdogan, Berna Evranos Ogmen, Muhammed Sacikara, Cevdet Aydin, Oya Topaloglu, Reyhan Ersoy, Bekir Cakir","doi":"10.5603/ep.102786","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.102786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the link between mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) in adrenal incidentaloma (AI) patients and the occurrence and severity of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. It aims to provide a detailed overview of this relationship, highlight gaps in current research, and propose directions for future studies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis at Ankara City Hospital's Endocrine Department outpatient clinic, reviewing 627 AI patients from February 2019 to May 2021. The study involved a detailed analysis of clinical records, hormonal evaluations, and imaging, focusing on differentiating MACS from non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI) and examining the impact of MACS on associated health conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that MACS patients had a statistically higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (35% vs. 20%), hypertension (60% vs. 45%), hyperlipidaemia (40% vs. 25%), and coronary artery disease (30% vs. 15%) compared to the NFAI group. Independent predictors of MACS included the presence of bilateral adrenal masses, larger adrenal mass diameter (with a cutoff value of ≥ 18.5 mm, showing 83% sensitivity and 56% specificity for predicting MACS, and lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels (≤ 49.31 μg/dL predicting MACS, with 61% sensitivity and 73% specificity).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research underscores the critical clinical implications of detecting MACS in AI patients, particularly its association with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risks. It calls for vigilant screening and a comprehensive management approach for affected patients. Additionally, the findings highlight the need for further studies to improve patient care and outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":"172-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCSK9/LOX-1 is associated with T2DM and regulates high glucose-induced lipid metabolism dysfunction in human microvascular endothelial cells.","authors":"Yao Yao, Hong Liu","doi":"10.5603/ep.101052","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.101052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9/lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (PCSK9/LOX-1) axis plays a crucial role in regulating vascular endothelial cell function, but its specific involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of the PCSK9/LOX-1 axis in high-glucose (HG)-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Peripheral blood samples were collected from T2DM patients to analyse the correlation between PCSK9 and blood lipid levels. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) exposed to high glucose concentration were used as a model of diabetic=angiopathy (DA). Levels of PCSK9, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonodialdehyde (MDA), interleukins (IL): IL-6, IL-1β, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biochemical methods. Additionally, intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and cholesterol ester (CE) levels were detected using enzyme chemistry. Expression of PCSK9 and LOX-1 was assessed through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the normal group, PCSK9 levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients. Furthermore, PCSK9 levels were found to be positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waistline, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), and intracardiac fat pad levels in T2DM patients. HG exposure led to reduced activity of HMEC-1 cells, along with increased levels of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, all of which were counteracted by si-PCSK9. The inhibitory effects of si-PCSK9 on LOX-1 expression, as well as TC and CE contents in HMEC-1 cells induced by HG, were observed. Moreover, intervention with oe-LOX-1 reversed the effects of si-PCSK9 in HG-induced HMEC-1 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Silencing of PCSK9 inhibited HG-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic dysfunction in HMEC-1 cells via LOX-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"76 1","pages":"116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}