Endokrynologia Polska最新文献

{"title":"177Lu- DOTA-TATE treatment for advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor with refractory carcinoid syndrome.","authors":"Karol Sagan, Martyna Patalong-Wójcik, Anna Brzeska, Elżbieta Andrysiak-Mamos, Marta Malarz, Bożena Birkenfeld, Anhelli Syrenicz","doi":"10.5603/ep.113433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.113433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to hypothyroid serum alters expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors in preneoplastic breast cells.","authors":"Karolina Hanusek, Katarzyna Bornikowska, Alex Białas, Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka, Helena Kossowska, Marta Koblowska, Piotr Popławski, Dorota Sys, Magdalena Ostrowska, Renata Kapuścińska, Sergiusz Durowicz, Wiesław Tarnowski, Piotr Glinicki, Wojciech Zgliczyński, Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska","doi":"10.5603/ep.112277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.112277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypothyroidism is the most prevalent thyroid disorder, whereas breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy inwomen. The association between hypothyroidism and BC remains unclear, and clinical studies provide conflicting data, suggesting thathypothyroidism may increase, reduce, or have no effect on BC risk. We hypothesised that exposure of mammary cells to hypothyroidserum triggers transcriptional reprogramming that may influence their future malignant potential.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Serum samples were collected from female patients with hypothyroidism (group H) and healthy volunteers (control group C). The preneoplastic breast epithelial cell line MCF10AT was cultured in the presence of serum H or serum C, with or withoutsupplementation with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). Whole‑transcriptome profiling was performed using the Clariom™ S Assay (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and validation was conducted using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Transcriptomicdata from the Cancer Genome Atlas BRCA cohort were used to evaluate gene expression patterns in breast tumors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microarray analysis revealed altered expression of 301 genes, including 185 upregulated and 116 downregulated genes. More than half of the genes with an false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 showed consistent directionality of expression in both breast tumors and premalignant MCF10AT cells exposed to hypothyroid serum. Exposure of MCF10AT cells to hypothyroid serum markedly inducedexpression of well‑recognized BC oncogenes (including AGR2 and KRT14), while concurrently reducing expression of tumor suppressors(e.g. ACSL5, FBXO32 and KLF9), as well as the expression of nuclear T3 receptor THRB. T3 treatment reversed the gene expression changesinduced by hypothyroid serum, confirming that the observed effects resulted from decreased T3 concentrations in the patients' sera.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A hypothyroid milieu alters the transcriptomic profile of premalignant breast cells, increasing the expression of T3‑responsive oncogenes and decreasing the expression of T3‑regulated tumor suppressors. Further studies are required to determine whether these changes promote or attenuate malignant progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic hyponatremia during the diagnostic workup of hypercortisolism: when the search for a diagnosis becomes a clinical threat.","authors":"Tomasz Wieczorkiewicz, Kornel Witek, Lukasz Dzialach, Joanna Sobolewska, Przemysław Witek","doi":"10.5603/ep.113295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.113295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroprolactinoma with an atypical course.","authors":"Elżbieta Andrysiak-Mamos, Mateusz Gural, Karol Sagan, Anhelli Syrenicz","doi":"10.5603/ep.112899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.112899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolactinomas are among the most common pituitary adenomas. The typical symptoms of hyperprolactinemia associated with a prolactinomaprimarily include symptoms of hypogonadism resulting from the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.In men and postmenopausal women, symptoms related to the mass effect of the tumor usually predominate. In some cases, however,prolactinomas may initially present with atypical symptoms, which can make it difficult to establish the correct diagnosis. An extensive literature search covering the past 30 years was conducted using the PubMed database. The following search terms were applied: \"macroprolactinoma\", \"atypical prolactinoma\", and \"giant prolactinoma manifestations\". Only atypical cases of pituitary macroadenomasassociated with laboratory-confirmed hyperprolactinemia (prolactin concentrations > 100 ng/mL) were included. In ourstudy, we also included 3 cases of macroprolactinoma with an atypical presentation at the time of diagnosis, which we encountered inour department. Overall, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Including the cases described in this study, 28 patients with macroprolactinoma presenting with atypical symptoms at diagnosis were identified. Most patients were men, and the majority were aged 40-60 years. The most commonatypical manifestations included neurological symptoms such as epilepsy, cranial nerve palsy, hydrocephalus or behavioral disorders,as well as otolaryngological symptoms such as recurrent epistaxis or nasal obstruction. Macroprolactinomas were most commonlymisdiagnosed as skull base tumors, sinonasal malignancies, or primary neurological disorders. In most cases, the initiation of dopamineagonist therapy led to rapid clinical improvement and partial or complete tumor regression, even in cases of giant macroprolactinomas. A proportion of well- or moderately differentiated olfactory neuroblastomas may, in fact, be misdiagnosed macroprolactinomas. If other endocrine tumors are present, the typical symptoms of hyperprolactinemia may be masked. In some cases, macroprolactinomas are diagnosedwhen the condition becomes life-threatening. Serum prolactin levels should be measured in any patient with a sellar or parasellar tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149120670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the use of Extended™ Wear Infusion sets on metabolic, ultrasound, and psychological outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes using the Medtronic MiniMed 780G: a pilot randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Kamila Susuł, Damian Ucieklak, Katarzyna Cyranka, Maciej Małecki, Tomasz Klupa, Bartlomiej Matejko","doi":"10.5603/ep.112819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.112819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1DM), insulin infusion sets (IIS) are often regarded as the most fragile componentof insulin pump therapy. Standard IISs should be replaced every 2-3 days to prevent site complications and hyperglycemia. The objectiveof this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the impact of 7-day Extended™ Wear Infusion sets (EIS; Medtronic MiniMed,Northridge, CA, USA) on metabolic, ultrasound (USG), and psychological outcomes in PwT1DM treated with the MiniMed 780G system(MM780G, Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA, USA).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifteen participants in both the intervention (EIS) and control groups (standard IIS) completed the 3-month study.One participant in the control group did not attend the follow-up USG examination; however, all other clinical, continuous glucose monitoring(CGM), and questionnaire data were available and included in the analyses. In the intervention group, the mean age was 36.1 ± 10.7years, diabetes duration 20.3 ± 7.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.9 ± 4.0 kg/m², and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 6.7 ± 0.5%. There were no significant baseline differences between groups in age, diabetes duration, CGM indices, or HbA1c.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the study period, no statistically significant differences were observed between the control and intervention groups with respect to the number of lipohypertrophic lesions, the volume of the largest lesion, HbA1c, CGM indices or insulin requirements. Inboth groups (with no between-group differences), World Health Organization (WHO) 5 scores indicated improvements in psychologicalwell-being. Notably, 80% of participants reported that EIS were more comfortable than standard sets, and 73.3% stated that the newinfusion sets met their expectations. Two-thirds of participants found that the new infusion sets made life easier.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that EIS are a safe and effective option for glycemic management in adults, without increasing lipohypertrophic lesions and with high patient acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between abdominal muscle mass quantified by computed tomography and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.","authors":"Donghyun Lee, Ki-Bong Park, Young-Jee Jeon, Sungwon Ko, Doo-Ho Lim","doi":"10.5603/ep.112616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.112616","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Osteoporosis is a significant health concern among postmenopausal women owing to its association with increased fracturerisk and morbidity. Although traditional risk factors such as hormonal changes, dietary intake, and physical activity have been extensivelyinvestigated, the role of muscle mass, particularly abdominal muscle mass, in bone health remains incompletely understood. This studyaimed to investigate the association between abdominal muscle mass, as measured by computed tomography (CT), and osteoporosis inpostmenopausal Korean women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1,723 postmenopausal women who underwent both abdominal CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone mineral density (BMD) assessment. Abdominal muscle mass was quantifiedusing total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) at the L3 vertebral level on CT. Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score ≤ -2.5 at the lumbar spine or hip. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between TAMA and osteoporosis, adjustingfor age, body mass index, lifestyle factors, and biochemical markers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants in the highest TAMA quartile exhibited significantly higher BMD in both the lumbar spine and hip than those in the lowest quartile (p &lt; 0.05). Higher TAMA was independently associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis (adjusted OR, 0.365up of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by enzyme deficiencies thatimpair adrenal steroidogenesis, most commonly due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The biochemical defects in CAH translate to a spectrumof clinical consequences, which include adrenal insufficiency, genital ambiguity or disordered sex development, infertility, short stature,and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome during adolescence and adulthood. The severity and clinical features of CAH vary dependingon the enzymatic defect, residual enzymatic activity, the age of presentation, and genotype. This review comprehensively covers the genetic background, classification, and clinical spectrum of CAH, including classical and non-classical forms. We discuss the importance and implementation of neonatal screening programs for early diagnosis and intervention. Specialattention is given to differences in treatment approaches between children and adolescents, highlighting the challenges of optimizingglucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid therapy across developmental stages. Furthermore, we present emerging novel pharmacologicalagents currently in clinical trials aimed at improving disease management. The review also addresses potential complications associatedwith CAH, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risks, and bone health issues. Emphasizing a patient-centered approach, wehighlight the critical role of experienced endocrinologists in delinering individualized care to improve long-term outcomes. Our review summarizes","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond traditional biopsy: integrating liquid biopsy, molecular panels, and advanced imaging techniques in thyroid cancer management.","authors":"Abdulkadir Eren, Emrah Karatay","doi":"10.5603/ep.112817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.112817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased dramatically over the past four decades, making it the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. Although well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas generally exhibit excellent survival rates following standard surgical and radioactive iodine interventions, the clinical management of high-risk variants, recurrent disease, and indeterminate nodules remains a significant challenge. Historically, the evaluation of thyroid nodules has relied on B-mode ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). However, spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity, coupled with the high rate of indeterminate cytology (Bethesda Categories III and IV), often leads to unnecessary diagnostic thyroidectomies. In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising diagnostic approach, offering a non-invasive, dynamic, and comprehensive method for disease monitoring. This comprehensive review evaluates the biological mechanisms and clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and non-coding RNAs in thyroid oncology. Furthermore, it explores the clinical role of commercial molecular diagnostic panels (e.g., Afirma GSC, ThyroSeq v3) in guiding surgical decisions. This review highlights the diagnostic synergy achieved when these molecular biomarkers are integrated with advanced radiological modalities - including strain elastography, quantitative region-of-interest (ROI) analysis, ACR TI-RADS, and cross-sectional volumetric tracking - as well as nuclear medicine techniques like technetium-99m MIBI scintigraphy. Emerging applications of artificial intelligence and radiomics in image analysis, alongside the concept of minimal residual disease monitoring, are also discussed. Ultimately, we emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach in translating these multi-omics and multimodal imaging data into precision medicine, while acknowledging current limitations and charting future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letrozole combined with recombinant human growth hormone for Prader-Willi syndrome with concurrent central precocious puberty: an experimental therapeutic approach.","authors":"Wujin Wang, Miao Huang, Guoqing Dong, Yongmei Zeng, Xiyan Lu","doi":"10.5603/ep.112910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.112910","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective treatment of carcinoid syndrome with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.","authors":"Jan Musiałkiewicz, Paweł Komarnicki, Adam Maciejewski, Paulina Ziółkowska, Rafał Czepczyński, Pawel Gut, Marek Ruchała","doi":"10.5603/ep.113173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.113173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcinoid syndrome in neuroendocrine carcinoma mimicking Clostridioides difficile sepsis.","authors":"Jan Musiałkiewicz, Paweł Gut, Michał Olejarz, Adam Maciejewski, Paweł Komarnicki, Paulina Ziółkowska, Marek Ruchała","doi":"10.5603/ep.112481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.112481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}