Endokrynologia Polska最新文献

{"title":"Novel radiopharmaceuticals in endocrinology: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Mateusz Pocięgiel, Tomasz Saniewski, Kamil Wrzosek, Piotr Opyd, Edward Franek, Michał Lis","doi":"10.5603/ep.99756","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.99756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrinology is the study of hormones and the endocrine glands that are responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in endocrinology. This comprehensive review explores the latest advances in novel radiopharmaceuticals with applications in the diagnosis and treatment of different endocrine disorders, including thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary disorders, as well as neuroendocrine tumours. The article discusses innovative approaches that leverage the decay characteristics of radioisotopes to enhance the accuracy of diagnostic imaging and the therapeutic capability of targeted interventions. It covers the fundamental principles underlying radiopharmaceutical design, synthesis, and imaging modalities, as well as the mechanisms that drive their efficacy in endocrine applications. Furthermore, the clinical implications of these novel radiopharmaceuticals are explored, along with their role in early detection, precise localisation, and personalised treatment strategies. Case studies and clinical trials are cited to highlight the practical utility and potential transformative impact of these advancements in the management of endocrine diseases. This review also notes current challenges, ongoing research and development, and future directions in the field. By providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of radiopharmaceuticals in endocrinology, this article aims to contribute to the collective knowledge base and foster a deeper understanding of the potential benefits and implications of these innovative technologies for both clinicians and researchers in the field of endocrine health.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"75 6","pages":"617-629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riedel's thyroiditis requiring an emergency surgery: rare manifestation of IgG4-related disease.","authors":"Przemysław Paul, Andrzej Hellmann, Jolanta Szade, Joanna Rejszel-Baranowska, Łukasz Obołończyk","doi":"10.5603/ep.102204","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.102204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Not required for Clinical Vignette.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"75 6","pages":"701-702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are ovarian cysts a coincidence after treatment for Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome?","authors":"Haiying Fang, Hongxian Lv, Huiqin Wang, Linqian Zhang","doi":"10.5603/ep.101134","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.101134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Not required for Clinical Vignette.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"75 6","pages":"695-696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and progress of corneal confocal microscopy in the evaluation of diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy.","authors":"Chi Zhang, Mei Ding, Xiuwen Liang, Lin Zhuo","doi":"10.5603/ep.99842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.99842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. As a new detection method for DPN, corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is characterised by rapid, non-invasive, sensitive, and quantitative characteristics, as well as good repeatability. By detecting changes in the corneal nerves, DPN can be diagnosed early, and the severity of neuropathy evaluated. It is currently an ideal DPN evaluation method and has good clinical application prospects. This paper reviews the application and progress of CCM in the evaluation of DPN and summarises the evaluation methods of CCM, corneal nerve, and DPN to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of DPN.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"75 4","pages":"395-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 1 diabetes - the current state of knowledge.","authors":"Edyta Cichocka, Anna Maj-Podsiadło, Janusz Gumprecht","doi":"10.5603/ep.101392","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.101392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by an increased prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with its negative metabolic consequences, including increased cardiovascular risk. Both diseases affect patients, significantly deteriorating the quality of life. During the treatment of patients with T1DM and PCOS, lifestyle modification and increased physical activity resulting in weight reduction should always be recommended. Pharmacological treatment should be applied in accordance with the current standards. In most of these patients metformin alone or with combined oral contraceptive pills could be considered for cycle regulation. In obese patients with T1DM and PCOS glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 Ras) (liraglutide, semaglutide) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptides (GIP)/GLP-1 RAs (tirzepatide) are regarded as a safe approach. Anti-androgens could also be considered especially to treat hirsutism and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. There are relatively limited evidence on anti-androgens in PCOS and we should consider use them in only selected cases. Some other substances may have a positive effect on patients with T1DM and PCOS include inositol, alpha-lipoic acid, folic acid, vitamins (B1, B6, B12, D, K, E, A), chromium and selenium compounds, as well as omega-3 fatty acids. The gut microbiome is also considered as a critical modulator of the predisposition to PCOS and T1DM and may be the future goal of the treatment. The proper treatment of PCOS will translate into a reduction in the severity of typical symptoms and also into the improvement in the metabolic control of diabetes and the patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":"479-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid cancer and autoimmune connective tissue disorders.","authors":"Maria Aleksandra Komisarz-Calik, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Bogdan Batko, Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner","doi":"10.5603/ep.101007","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are substantial data confirming the association between autoimmune disorders, including connective tissue diseases (CTDs), and an increased risk of thyroid malignancy. CTDs and thyroid cancer may co-exist as 2 separate diseases because of their relatively high incidence rates in the population. They can arise from each other due to the increased risk of thyroid cancer in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, primary Sjögren's syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Moreover, in some scarce cases, CTDs may act as the paraneoplastic syndromes of thyroid cancer. The presence of CTDs may impact the diagnostic process, especially distorting the results of imaging tests or falsely indicating the increase of thyroglobulin or calcitonin. Finally, TSH suppression is a crucial element of the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer, which may decrease bone mineral density and increase the risk of osteoporosis by accelerating bone turnover and shortening the bone remodeling cycle. The aim of this review is to emphasise the vital aspects of this interrelationship. The authors discuss this phenomenon aiming at the explanation of possible linking mechanisms. The impact of selected CTDs on thyroid cancer management is presented, as well as the possible effects of cancer therapy on skeletal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":"455-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune thyroiditis: an update on treatment possibilities.","authors":"Kamil Dyrka, Monika Obara-Moszyńska, Marek Niedziela","doi":"10.5603/ep.100701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is due to an autoimmune process that destroys thyrocytes, leading to hormonal disorders. AIT is more common in women, and the aetiology is multifactorial. The destruction of thyroid cells may release free thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, causing hyperthyroid symptoms. With further destruction of thyroid cells, patients develop euthyroidism and eventually chronic hypothyroidism. The diagnosis of AIT is based on clinical symptoms, positive anti-thyroid antibodies, ultrasound, and histological features. The main goal of treatment is correcting hormonal disorders and achieving euthyroidism. Treatment of AIT involves replacing thyroid hormone deficiency with the use of synthetic hormones. Prophylactic levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment of euthyroid patients with AIT may reduce both serological and cellular markers of autoimmunisation. Attention should be paid to the starting dose of L-T4, potential drug interactions, and drug formulation. A follow-up should be planned to determine the optimal dose. The authors highlighted that a healthy lifestyle and supplementing selected vitamins and microelements appropriately are essential. In selected clinical conditions, thyroidectomy should be considered. There are also alternative therapeutic strategies, such as herbal medicine and acupuncture, but their effectiveness has yet to be conclusively confirmed in research studies. Monitoring the thyroid gland enlargement and the possibility of developing nodular goitre is integral to patient care over AIT patients. In conclusion, treating AIT is complex, involving thyroid hormone replacement therapy, taking care of a healthy diet and lifestyle, and proper supplementation. It requires an individual approach. Regular follow-up is necessary to control the disease and minimise its effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"75 5","pages":"461-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractures at various skeletal sites are dependent on different risk factors: the results from 10 years of prospective longitudinal observation in postmenopausal women from the RAC-OST-POL Study.","authors":"Wojciech Pluskiewicz, Piotr Adamczyk, Bogna Drozdzowska, Hanna Hüpsch","doi":"10.5603/ep.100762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.100762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to present data on risk factors for fractures in various parts of the skeleton in a cohort of postmenopausal women during a 10-year prospective observation period. It can be hypothesised that fracture risk factors should be different for spine, hip, and peripheral fractures.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>640 postmenopausal women at mean baseline age was 65.0 ± 6.9 years were enrolled into the study. The cohort was randomly selected from the population of the entire Racibórz district. Data on the incidence of fractures and falls were updated annually during the 10-year follow-up period. Information on clinical risk factors for fractures was collected at baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the observation period, 190 low-traumatic fractures were recorded in 129 patients. The following number of fractures was observed: hip 15, spine 30, non-hip fractures other than spine 145 (including 81 forearm fractures). The effect of falls was insignificant in the case of spine fractures (chi-square test: 3.64; p = 0.06). For all other skeletal sites, the incidence of fractures was significantly increased by falls, with the greatest effect observed for forearm fractures and non-spine and non-hip fractures (chi-square test for hip, forearm, and all non-spine, non-hip fractures was 6.43, p < 0.05; 42.7, p < 0.0001 and 66.7, p < 0.0001, respectively). To determine the factors having a significant impact on the incidence of fractures during the observation period, logistic regression was used separately in subgroups. The following risk factors were taken into account: age, height, body weight, bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck as expressed by T-score, rheumatoid arthritis, steroid use, falls reported at baseline, and the total number of risk factors. Spine fractures depended only on T-score, odds ratio (OR) = 0.42 (0.23-0.76); hip fractures depended only on age, OR = 1.15 (1.07-1.24); forearm fractures depended only on age T-score, OR = 0.69 (0.51-0.92); and non-hip, non-spine on fall rate, OR = 1.86 (1.20-2.87).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fractures at various skeletal sites recorded in long-term follow-up in postmenopausal women were dependent on various risk factors. Multivariate analysis identified a single, dominant risk factor for each fracture location analysed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"75 5","pages":"539-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between S-nitrosylation and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review.","authors":"Li Li, Fei Hu","doi":"10.5603/ep.100226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ep.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a chronic metabolic disorder, constituting over 90% of all diabetes cases. Its primary characteristics include insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. The aetiology of T2DM is complex, which is attributed to a convergence of genetic and environmental factors. Moreover, it can engender various complications such as diabetes retinopathy, diabetes nephropathy, and diabetes neuropathy. T2DM cannot be cured fundamentally, it can only delay the development of the disease by controlling the blood sugar level. If the blood sugar is at a high level for a long time, it will aggravate the disease progress, and even lead to death in serious cases. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes, early detection, and intervention are the main means of treatment. S-nitrosylation (SNO), a post-translational modification of proteins based on redox, possesses the capacity to regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes, and it is also involved in the occurrence and development of T2DM. However, the relationship between the dysregulation of SNO homeostasis and the occurrence of diabetes is not fully understood. This article reviews the correlation between SNO and T2DM, elucidating the mechanism by which SNO contributes to T2DM, encompassing diminishing insulin secretion, inducing insulin resistance, and affecting glucokinase activity. Understanding the correlation between SNO and T2DM provides a new research direction for the pathogenesis and treatment targets of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":"75 5","pages":"473-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilemmas concerning the course of pregnancy in patients with anorexia nervosa considering hormonal and somatic parameters.","authors":"Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera, Mariola Krzyścin, Igor Syrenicz, Zana Bumbuliene, Alicja Wajs-Syrenicz, Adam Przepiera, Anna Brzeska, Anhelli Syrenicz","doi":"10.5603/ep.99255","DOIUrl":"10.5603/ep.99255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental anorexia nervosa is a rare, potentially severe, chronic, and recurrent mental disorder that occurs more often in women than in men, especially during the childbearing years. The disorder is associated with an increased risk of mortality, mainly related to the physical consequences of severe malnutrition and suicide. Malnutrition of the body can cause serious hormonal and somatic problems. Despite significant hormonal disturbances that reduce fertility, a woman with anorexia can become pregnant. A new phenomenon now seen with increasing frequency is pregorexia, an eating disorder associated with pregnancy. It involves the use of dietary restrictions to avoid excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Pregnancy changes the hormonal economy mainly due to the development of the placenta, which secretes many hormones, not just sex hormones. Mental anorexia poses a significant risk to both mother and child if not diagnosed and treated properly. Treatment of anorexia involves simultaneous somatic and psychological treatment. During pregnancy, additional care should be taken to create an optimal environment for the developing foetus. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of research providing guidance in this area. Available studies are mainly case reports or reports focusing on specific clinical situations. It is worth noting that no study to date has attempted a comprehensive assessment of endocrine disruption in pregnant women with anorexia. Recognising the existing knowledge gap on endocrine disorders in pregnant women with anorexia nervosa, a systematic review of the literature was conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":93990,"journal":{"name":"Endokrynologia Polska","volume":" ","pages":"279-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}