Diabetes care最新文献

{"title":"Automated Insulin Delivery for Pregnancy With Type 1 Diabetes: A Call to Action.","authors":"","doi":"10.2337/dci26-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dci26-0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intensive glycemic management in pregnancy with insulin to achieve pregnancy-specific glycemic targets and avoid serious maternal and perinatal morbidity. Glycemic targets for pregnancy, which are lower than those outside pregnancy, are extremely challenging to achieve, resulting in considerable burden and psychosocial distress for pregnant women living with T1D. While automated insulin delivery (AID) is now the recommended mode of insulin delivery for T1D, pregnant women with T1D have been left behind. AID systems approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in the U.S. are not designed to meet pregnancy glycemic targets, and most are not labeled for pregnancy. Broad exclusion of pregnant participants from clinical trials, including those of AID systems, has resulted in extremely limited data to guide the use of these devices in pregnancy. Furthermore, for most devices insulin delivery is reduced when continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor values are in the optimal range for fetal well-being. We call on stakeholders to deliver AID systems that meet the needs of pregnant women with T1D so that they can use AID at a time in life when they stand to benefit the most. Specifically, we should include pregnant women in clinical trials of new AID technologies, design AID systems that can meet the unique glycemic management challenges of pregnancy, and support real-world studies of currently approved AID systems while we await pregnancy-specific innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An International Position Statement on Practical Approaches for Inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Insulin Pumps, and Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Adults.","authors":"Mikkel T Olsen, Elias K Spanakis, Hood Thabit, Ketan Dhatariya, Omar G Mustafa, Parizad Avari, Alistair N Lumb, Katheleen Dungan, Athena Philis-Tsimikas, Kristen Kulasa, David N O'Neal, Shashank R Joshi, Alexandros L Liarakos, Emma G Wilmot, Julie L V Shaw, Roman Vangoitsenhoven, Chantal Mathieu, Irl B Hirsch, Priyathama Vellanki, Francisco J Pasquel, Guillermo Umpierrez, Rodolfo J Galindo, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Peter L Kristensen, Julia K Mader, Kirsten Nørgaard","doi":"10.2337/dci26-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dci26-0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an urgent and unmet need for a practical clinical guideline addressing the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pumps, and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in hospital settings. The goal with this position statement is to facilitate effective and safe use of these devices to improve glycemic management, enhance outcomes, and contribute to standardization efforts in initiating or continuing the use of these devices in hospitals for non-critically ill hospitalized adults. The topics covered include selection criteria for management with diabetes technologies, CGM-derived glycemic metrics and goals for adults with diabetes, insulin titration and administration guidelines, perioperative care, CGM alarm settings for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, clinical staff training and workflows, integration of device data with the electronic health record, imaging tests considerations, and discharge planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiovascular Outcomes Are Consistent Across Sociodemographic Subgroups: A Real-World Analysis From the EMPRISE Study.","authors":"Sara J Cromer, Helen Tesfaye, Hanseul Cho, Deborah J Wexler, Janinne Ortega-Montiel, Niklas Schmedt, Christina M Shay, Julie M Paik, Elisabetta Patorno","doi":"10.2337/dca26-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dca26-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to explore the heterogeneity of empagliflozin treatment effects on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), and all-cause mortality (ACM) across sociodemographic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) subgroups of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Using 2014-2020 Medicare claims data, we examined rates of MACE (e.g., composite myocardial infarction, stroke, all-cause mortality [ACM]), HHF, and ACM among propensity score-matched individuals aged ≥65 years with T2D initiating empagliflozin compared with those prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and those prescribed GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and incidence rate differences (IRDs) overall and by age, sex, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and baseline CVD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Empagliflozin was associated with decreased risk of MACE (HR 0.77, 99.9% CI [0.69, 0.85]; IRD = -10.3 [-14.1, -6.4]); HHF (HR 0.72 [0.67, 0.79]; IRD = -18.3 [-22.9, -13.6]); and ACM (HR 0.66 [0.57, 0.76]; IRD = -8.6 [-11.4, -5.8]) compared with DPP4is. Effect heterogeneity by baseline CVD was present across all outcomes on the IRD scale but only for HHF on the HR scale. Empagliflozin was also associated with decreased risk of HHF (HR 0.88 [0.81, 0.95]; IRD = -6.9 [-10.8, -3.1]) versus GLP-1RAs, with effect heterogeneity by baseline CVD on the IRD scale. No effect heterogeneity was observed by sociodemographic factors, although a numeric trend suggested greater absolute benefit in patients aged ≥75 years compared with those aged 65-74 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular events across sociodemographic and CVD subgroups compared with both DPP4is and GLP-1RAs, with higher absolute benefits observed in those with prevalent CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semaglutide Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in Patients With Schizophrenia, Prediabetes, and Obesity Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Findings From the HISTORI Trial, a 30-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial With Semaglutide 1.0 mg Weekly. Diabetes Care 2026;49:XXXX-XXXX.","authors":"Lu Chen, Junhui Wang","doi":"10.2337/dc26-0540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-0540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transition of Youth With Diabetes From Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Care Services: A Consensus Report of the Joint Working Group of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and the American Diabetes Association (ADA).","authors":"Carine de Beaufort, Steven James, Jill Weissberg-Benchell, Apoorva Gomber, Laura Cudizio, Nisa M Maruthur, Sarah K Lyons, Frank Snoek, Sze May Ng, Aleksandra Araszkiewicz, Eva Hagström Toft","doi":"10.2337/dci26-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dci26-0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young adulthood is a period of significant and unique physiological, psychological, sexual, and social upheaval. Related challenges can have an impact on effective diabetes self-management, with high rates of unplanned health care use recorded for many, and consequent increases in the risks of premature morbidity and mortality. Health care professionals need guidance in delivering transition support for adolescents and young adults with diabetes. This would help to facilitate the formulation and implementation of local policies and procedures, enabling guidelines to be translated into practice and improving transition of care readiness. This led the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) to convene a working group to produce a consensus report on the transition from pediatric to adult diabetes health care services. The ACCORD and AGREE II recommendations for the development of consensus reports and clinical guidelines, respectively, were followed. Existing diabetes-specific recommendations on the transition of care, published statements, a prior position paper, general recommendations, and online toolkits were initially identified and reviewed. Current evidence was then systematically reviewed, supplemented with primary data on the perceptions and experiences of health care professionals and of people with diabetes and their caregivers from global surveys. Evidence with a grading of A or B was automatically included in the consensus statements; evidence with a C or E grading was subjected to a Delphi survey for validation. Consensus was obtained for 31 statements on the full transition of care continuum and the three unique stages of pre-transfer, transfer, and post-transfer. This consensus report should be viewed as a guide and adjusted to local settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT Inhibitors for Heart and Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Jonathan Rosen, Ian H de Boer, Robert H Eckel, Darren K McGuire, Anne L Peters, Rodica Pop-Busui, Katherine R Tuttle, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Sanjoy Dutta","doi":"10.2337/dc26-0999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-0999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing a path forward for sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitor treatment for heart and kidney disease in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is essential. This article offers the perspective of experts from the fields of endocrinology, nephrology, and cardiology on available data for the efficacy and safety of SGLT inhibitors in T1D, how the far more extensive data from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and people without diabetes would be expected to translate to T1D, and what steps are required to advance toward regulatory approvals and clinical uptake of SGLT inhibitors in T1D for heart and kidney disease. Our conclusion is that the mechanisms driving efficacy of SGLT inhibitors for heart and kidney disease in T2D and nondiabetic disease are likely applicable to T1D and that in light of the data supporting efficacy in these populations, registrational trials in T1D might not require powering for traditional event-based outcomes and investigators may instead rely on suitable surrogate end points, allowing for more feasible trials. Investigators in these trials must also carefully collect data associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the critical risk of SGLT inhibitor use in T1D. DKA risk mitigation is essential for SGLT inhibitor use in T1D; protocols to mitigate risk have been developed, but rigorous data on their effectiveness are lacking. We describe a roadmap to advance SGLT inhibitors for T1D heart and kidney disease, which includes the use of feasible trial designs based on surrogate end points and rigorous safety protocols to minimize DKA events.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Cell Dysfunction Identifies Individuals With Single Autoantibody Positivity at Increased Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Progression.","authors":"Emily K Sims, Lu You, Heba Ismail, Carmella Evans-Molina, Mark Atkinson, Jay M Sosenko, Emanuele Bosi","doi":"10.2337/dc26-1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-1111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Individuals with single islet autoantibody positivity exhibit a highly variable risk for type 1 diabetes progression. We evaluated whether metabolic measures identify those at higher progression risk.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Among first- and second-degree relatives of persons with type 1 diabetes who screened and confirmed positive for a single autoantibody in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Natural History study, we used Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations between metabolic measures and time to progression, defined as the development of multiple autoantibody-positive or stage 3 type 1 diabetes. Random forest models were used to estimate the relative importance of each variable. Analyses were conducted in the overall cohort and stratified by age (0-8, ≥8-16, and ≥16 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with single autoantibody positivity exhibited wide variation in metabolic function. Measures incorporating both oral glucose tolerance test-stimulated glucose and C-peptide to assess β-cell dysfunction showed strong and consistent associations with progression across age-groups and antibody profiles. Associations for traditional risk factors, isolated glucose or C-peptide measures, or indices of insulin resistance differed by age and autoantibody type. Data-driven cutoffs for combined metabolic measures identified small subsets at very high risk (>50% 2-year progression) and large low-risk groups with <10% 5-year progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>β-Cell dysfunction is present in many individuals with single autoantibody positivity and is associated with an increased risk of disease progression. Incorporating stimulated measures of β-cell function alongside age and autoantibody profiles may enable more personalized monitoring, help identify persons most likely to benefit from disease-modifying therapies, and delineate lower-risk individuals who require less intensive surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: An Observational Study of Individuals Using an Automated Insulin Delivery System.","authors":"Stefanie Hossmann, Maya Friedman, Aritz Lizoain, Madleina Caduff, Vincent Braunack-Mayer, Laura Burlando, Rayhan A Lal, Eda Cengiz, Katarina Braune, Susanne Reger-Tan, Antje Knopf, Thomas Züger, Saira Khan-Gallo, Martina Rothenbühler","doi":"10.2337/dc26-0692","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc26-0692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In menstruating individuals with type 1 diabetes, hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle may alter insulin sensitivity and glycemia, despite advances in automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. This study aimed to characterize glycemic patterns, insulin requirements, and insulin sensitivity across menstrual cycle phases.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We conducted a decentralized, observational study using real-world data donated by menstruating adults reporting regular menstrual cycles and using an AID system. Participants self-enrolled and contributed anonymized continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin delivery, carbohydrate intake, and menstrual cycle data. Glycemic outcomes and insulin requirements were compared across cycle phases. Cycle phase-specific variation in insulin sensitivity was quantified using a hierarchical Bayesian state-space model that estimates a latent insulin sensitivity parameter from CGM time series data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-seven individuals contributed 380 menstrual cycles. Insulin requirements, carbohydrate intake, and glycemic outcomes showed systematic variation across cycle phases. Total daily insulin dose and carbohydrate intake peaked during the luteal phase, accompanied by higher mean glucose and reduced time in range. At the population level, model-derived estimates indicated greater insulin sensitivity (+2.6%, credible interval [CrI] 0.3, 5.0) in the early follicular compared with the midluteal phase (-2.6%, CrI -5.2, -0.1). Although 84.7% of participants showed patterns consistent with the population-level trend, substantial interindividual heterogeneity was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings confirm phase-dependent variation in insulin needs, glycemic outcomes, and insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle and highlight that sex-specific physiology is an important factor in glycemic regulation that is not yet addressed by current guidelines and AID systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":"1673-1680"},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detectable C-Peptide and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Risk in Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Mohammad I Abuabat, Dalton Budhram, Priya Bapat, Abdulmohsen Bakhsh, Yucheng Zhang, Wajeeha Cheema, Natasha J Verhoeff, Doug Mumford, Andrej Orszag, Michael Fralick, Alanna Weisman, Leif Erik Lovblom, Bruce A Perkins","doi":"10.2337/dc26-0220","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc26-0220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether detectable C-peptide levels in type 1 diabetes is associated with a lower risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We analyzed the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial publicly available data repository for the association between detectable stimulated C-peptide (>0.2 nmol/mL, measured annually) and DKA incidence over an average 6.5-year follow-up. We used crude and adjusted Andersen-Gill models for recurrent DKA events with time-dependent covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,441 participants (53% male, median age 27 years), 129 (9%) experienced 180 DKA events. Of these events, 179 (99.44%) occurred after C-peptide was ≤0.2 nmol/L in the prior year and only 1 event occurred with C-peptide >0.2 nmol/L. C-peptide >0.2 nmol/L was associated with a DKA hazard ratio of 0.07 (95% CI 0.01-0.48; P = 0.007), consistent across adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endogenous insulin production was significantly associated with lower DKA risk, suggesting that treatments preserving insulin production could decrease long-term DKA risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":"1585-1588"},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habituation to Elevated Glucose Levels in Type 1 Diabetes: Function and Well-being in Guideline-Based Versus Typical Glycemic Range.","authors":"Elizabeth A Pyatak, Stefan Schneider, Raymond Hernandez, Claire Hoogendoorn, Meredith Hawkins, Jeffrey S Gonzalez","doi":"10.2337/dc26-0603","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc26-0603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic hyperglycemia may shift physiological and perceptual thresholds upward, such that guideline-defined glucose targets feel aversive. We compared time in range (TIR) (70-180 mg/dL) with time in personal range (TIPR) (mean glucose ±50 mg/dL) to determine whether daily symptoms, functioning, and diabetes-specific outcomes align more closely with guideline-based versus personal glucose ranges.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Adults with type 1 diabetes completed 14 days of blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), with ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) and mobile cognitive testing six times daily. For each 3-h interval preceding an EMA prompt, we calculated the percentage of time in guideline-defined and personal ranges. We estimated within-person correlations and regression models evaluating the incremental predictive effects of TIPR over TIR. Analyses were repeated stratified by personal (unblinded) CGM use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses included 161 participants (mean ± SD 41.1 ± 14.8 years old; 55% female; 41% Hispanic, 30% non-Hispanic White, 14% non-Hispanic Black). Compared with TIR, TIPR was more consistently associated with improved pain, fatigue, activity demands, and perceptual speed, whereas TIR was more strongly associated with better diabetes-specific self-evaluations (diabetes distress and self-care). Glucose metrics showed minimal associations with stress and negative affect, and TIPR showed modest associations with positive affect. In models including both predictors, TIPR explained unique variance beyond TIR for several outcomes. Associations between glucose metrics and diabetes-specific outcomes were stronger among CGM users than nonusers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personal glucose ranges capture aspects of lived experience not fully reflected by guideline targets, supporting TIPR as a complementary metric for psychosocially informed, person-centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93979,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes care","volume":" ","pages":"1599-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}