Current molecular pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"The Role of miRNAs in Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.","authors":"Shan Hu, Jiafu Yan, Qiong Yuan, Tianjiao Meng, Zhi Cai, Yuanshuai Huang, Yuhan Wang","doi":"10.2174/0118761429363169250313083148","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429363169250313083148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes and, if left uncontrolled, can progress to renal failure. In the early stage of DKD, significant pathological changes occur in podocytes, leading to proteinuria. However, the mechanism of pathological changes in podocytes has not been clarified. Existing clinical diagnostic methods tend to overlook these subtle pathophysiological changes in the early stages, leading to missed optimal treatment time. Moreover, existing treatment methods are limited. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that podocyte injury is associated with distinct specific miRNA expression profiles that precede the onset of overt proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate decline. This review explores the role of microRNAs in podocyte damage-related pathways in DKD, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we discuss the potential clinical application of miRNAs as molecular markers and their feasibility as a molecular therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"e18761429363169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Strategies for the Management of Psoriasis with Potential Pharmacological Pathways using Herbals and Immuno-biologicals","authors":"Kiran Singh Sharma, Sumit Kumar","doi":"10.2174/1874467217666230915125613","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874467217666230915125613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psoriasis is an acute to chronic multifunctional inflammatory skin disorder mediated through T-cell activation, dendritic cell intervention, local vascular variations, atypical keratinocyte proliferation, and neutrophil activation, leading to a skin disorder with no permanent cure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to find a potent, secure, and dependable medication, with a more scientific examination of herbal resources and recent targeted immunobiological therapies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Reports evaluating the effectiveness of biologics & herbal remedies for the topical therapy of psoriasis against control therapies were taken into consideration (placebo or active therapy). The work examined cellular circuits involved in inflammation with its immunogenetic mechanism behind various options available for treating psoriasis in addition to the role of agents inducing psoriasis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extent of psoriasis can range from small, localized spots to total body coverage, and it can happen at any stage of life. Several theories exist for clarification however, the exact cause of psoriasis is not entirely understood. Researchers have discovered genetic loci linkages, environmental changes, drug induction, lifestyle conditions, some infections, etc. resulting in this disorder. There are numerous known conventional medical treatments for psoriasis, ranging from topical and systemic medicines to phototherapy or combinations of both with recent immunobiological treatment. However, the majority of these treatments are ineffective and have a variety of side effects that limit their long-term usage, such as cutaneous atrophy, tissue toxicity, mutagenicity, and immunosuppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Herbal extracts or isolated compounds can be considered as a substitute for conventional psoriasis treatment. Unfortunately, many investigations often provide a small amount of facts about the safety and effectiveness of topically applied herbal remedies for the treatment of psoriasis. Thus, further factual evidences and validations are needed to promote herbal options, which must be supported by rigorous animal studies or clinical trials using standardised materials and compositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"e150923221163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic Exposure and Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Ravikant Sharma, M D Abubakar, Priya Bisht, Mahesh Rachamalla, Arun Kumar, Krishna Murti, Velayutham Ravichandiran, Nitesh Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0118761429272806231020045840","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429272806231020045840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arsenic is present in above permissible safe limits in groundwater, soil, and food, in various areas of the world. This is increasing exposure to humankind and affecting health in various ways. Alternation in cognition is one among them. Epidemiological research has reflected the impact of arsenic exposure on children in the form of diminished cognition.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Considering this fact, the present study reviewed the impact of arsenic on amyloid precursor protein, which is known to cause one of the commonest cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study reviews the arsenic role in the generation of amyloid-beta from its precursor that leads to Alzheimer's disease through the published article from Pubmed and Scopus.</p><p><strong>Description: </strong>According to the findings, regular, long-term exposure to arsenic beginning in infancy changes numerous arsenic level-regulating regions in the rat brain, which are related to cognitive impairments. Arsenic also affects the BBB clearance route by increasing RAGE expression. Arsenic triggers the proamyloidogenic pathway by increasing APP expression and subsequently, its processing by β-secretase and presenilin. Arsenic also affects mitochondrial dynamics, DNA repair pathway and epigenetic changes. The mechanism behind all these changes is explained in the present review article.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A raised level of arsenic exposure affects the amyloid precursor protein, a factor for the early precipitation of Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"e18761429272806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-trans Retinoic Acid Increased Transglutaminase 2 Expressions in BV-2 Cells and Cultured Astrocytes.","authors":"Katsura Takano-Kawabe, Tatsuhiko Izumo, Tomoki Minamihata Minamihata, Mitsuaki Moriyama","doi":"10.2174/0118761429254388230922112915","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429254388230922112915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Activation of microglia and astrocytes has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is reported to be activated in AD and involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. Moreover, amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation is detected as a characteristic pathology in the AD brain, and is known to be a substrate of TG2. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can modify cell proliferation and differentiation, and is reported to have therapeutic effects on AD pathology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to assess the effects of ATRA in microglia and astrocytes on TG2 expression and glial functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After treatment with ATRA, TG2 expression and TG activity were assayed in both murine microglia BV-2 cells and cultured rat brain astrocytes. Endocytosis activity in BV-2 cells and Aβ aggregation by astrocytes conditioned medium were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both BV-2 cells and cultured astrocytes, ATRA increased TG2 expression and TG activity. The increase was blocked by AGN194310, an RA receptor antagonist. ATRA enhanced the endocytosis activity in BV-2 cells, and the addition of AGN194310 reversed it. The addition of cystamine, a competitive TG inhibitor, also reduced ATRA-enhanced endocytosis activity. On the other hand, Aβ aggregation was potentiated by ATRA-treated astrocytes conditioned medium compared to control astrocytes conditioned medium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that ATRA increased TG2 expression and TG activity via RA receptor in microglia and astrocytes. ATRA-enhanced TGs might be involved in phagocytosis and Aβ aggregation. Adequate control of TGs expression and function in microglia and astrocytes can be an important factor in AD pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"e18761429254388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Local Angiotensin II/Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor in Endometriosis: A Potential Target for New Treatment Approaches","authors":"Shirin Moazen, Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand","doi":"10.2174/0118761429315431240712100124","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429315431240712100124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder described by the presence of functional endometrial-like tissues at extra-uterine locations that are related to chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Multiple molecular mechanisms, including inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, fibrotic reactions, and angiogenesis, are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis; however, the exact cause of this disorder still remains a matter of discussion. Recently, it has been shown that the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been expressed in different tissues, like the gynecological tract, and alterations in its expression are associated with multiple pathological conditions like endometriosis. Angiotensin II (Ang II), as a main peptide of the RAS through angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), upregulates signal transduction pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activation protein kinase (MAPK), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) control high blood pressure, which is increased by excessive AT1R activity. Recently, it has been recognized that ARBs have tissue protective effects because of their anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. In this review, we focused on the role of local Ang II/AT1R axis activity in endometriosis pathogenesis and justified the use of ARB agents as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"e18761429315431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulation of LncRNA WT1-AS Inhibits Tumor Growth and Promotes Autophagy in Gastric Cancer via Suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway.","authors":"Xiaobei Zhang, Meng Jin, Xiaoying Yao, Jilan Liu, Yonghong Yang, Jian Huang, Guiyuan Jin, Shiqi Liu, Baogui Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0118761429318398240918063450","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429318398240918063450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing evidence has highlighted the involvement of the imbalance of long non-coding RNAs in the development of gastric cancer (GC), which is one of the most common malignancies in the world. This study aimed to determine the role of lncRNA WT1-AS in the progression of GC and explore its underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of lncRNA WT1-AS in gastric cancer tissues was detected using RT-qPCR. We knocked down the expression of WT1-AS in GC cells or treated them with rapamycin or both. Then, transwell assay and scratch assay were carried out to determine the migration of GC cells, and flow cytometry was carried out to determine the cell cycle. The immunofluorescence technique was used to determine the autophagy, and a tumor formation experiment was carried out to determine tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>. The expression of factors related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was also measured by Western Blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In GC tissues and cells, lncRNA WT1-AS was underexpressed. Moreover, overexpression of lncRNA WT1-AS blocked the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Upregulation of lncRNA WT1-AS or inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway suppressed cancer cell migration in vitro, leading to cell cycle arrest, and promoted autophagy while inhibiting tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>. It also reduced the expression levels of Ki-67, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF. The WT1-AS+rapamycin group was the most prominent in all experiments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The upregulation of lncRNA WT1-AS could suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which inhibits cell migration and cell cycle arrest while promoting autophagy in gastric cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":"17 1","pages":"e18761429318398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymol and Carvacrol as Potential Tocolytic and Anti-inflammatory Agents in Pregnant Rat Uterus.","authors":"Victor Manuel Muñoz-Pérez, Aurora Pérez-Sánchez, Andrés Salas-Casas A, Mario I Ortíz","doi":"10.2174/0118761429342128241231163610","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429342128241231163610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and myorelaxant effect of thymol (TM) and carvacrol (CAR) in the pregnant rat uterus. Both compounds exhibit considerable antimicrobial, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory effects and due to these properties, they were studied in this in vitro model of premature birth induced by infection.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>All uterine tissues were studied in uterine contraction tests to determine the inhibitory effect of TM, CAR (10, 56, 100, 150, and 230 μM), and nifedipine (a calcium channel antagonist) on phasic and tonic contraction induced by electro- and pharmacomechanical stimuli. The quantitative determination of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) induced by TM and CAR in the uterine lysate was carried out by ELISA. For the determination of the anti-inflammatory effect of TM, the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β, in uterine samples stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured. Forskolin (FSK) was used as a positive control to evaluate the cAMP and cytokine levels. TM, CAR, and nifedipine inhibited the uterine contractions at the highest concentration level, however, nifedipine was the most equipotent (p<0.05). In addition, TM and CAR did not increase the intracellular cAMP production in comparison with FSK (p<0.05). However, both compounds were able to decrease the LPS-induced production in a concentration-dependent manner that was considered statistically significant (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finally, both the anti-inflammatory and uterine relaxing effects induced by TM and CAR were neither associated with the increase in cAMP levels nor with the production of IL-1β in pregnant rat uterine samples. Therefore, TM and CAR can be considered as alternative adjuvants for the treatment of infection-induced preterm labor. Before the in vitro experiments, an in-silico analysis was conducted using the Expaisy online server to evaluate the biological effects of thymol on uterine contraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is crucial to know the interaction and identification of genes encoding the Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C proteins, because of the functional relationship it may have in the inhibition of the uterine contraction. These properties place TM as a potentially safe and effective adjuvant agent in cases of preterm birth, an area of pharmacological treatment that requires urgent improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"e18761429342128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting of Lysosomes as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer.","authors":"Biyu Liu, Chengsheng Yang, Jiayi Liu, Minzhi Peng, Junquan Mao, Sanyuan Tang, Weiguo Huang","doi":"10.2174/0118761429354659250320051057","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429354659250320051057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysosomes are important intracellular organelles involved in degradation metabolism, maintenance of homeostasis, cell survival and programmed death regulation, and play an important role in immunity. Some studies have shown that lysosomes are closely linked to tumor development. Lysosomes in tumor cells increase in size and activity to adapt to rapid proliferation. Cancer cells provide strong support for their unrestricted growth and proliferation by precisely regulating the number, composition and functional activities of lysosomes and also create favorable conditions for malignant behaviors such as survival, migration, invasion, and metastatic spread of cancer cells.\u0000Lysosomes play a central role in tumor progression, and in recent years, lysosomes have become an important target for anticancer strategies aimed at interfering with their function or modulating related signaling pathways to inhibit tumors. Current anti-cancer strategies include the following five aspects: (1) targeting tumor cell energy metabolism and lysosomes to inhibit growth; (2) inhibiting lysosomal histone proteases to block degradation metabolism; (3) destabilizing lysosomal membranes to trigger tumor cell death; (4) modulating lysosomal calcium signaling to affect tumor cell function; and (5) interfering with the mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit tumor growth and proliferation. These lysosome-targeted anticancer strategies offer broad prospects and potential for the development of novel anticancer drugs and therapies and are expected to bring more effective and safer therapeutic options for cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"e18761429354659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mitochondrial Targeting Drug SkQ1 Attenuates the Progression of Post- Traumatic Osteoarthritis through Suppression of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Zhen-Ya Zhi, Peng-Cheng Wang","doi":"10.2174/0118761429383749250312082958","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429383749250312082958","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) constitutes a distinct subtype of osteoarthritis (OA). Despite extensive research, no effective pharmacological intervention has been established to prevent or halt the progression of PTOA. Current therapeutic approaches are primarily limited to symptomatic management and pain relief. SkQ1, a novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its dual capacity to scavenge excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate inflammatory responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SkQ1 in the early stages of PTOA and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Chondrocytes were cultured under varying concentrations of SkQ1 to evaluate its cytotoxicity. Additionally, an in vitro oxidative stress model was established to assess the antioxidant effects of SkQ1 across different concentration levels, from which the optimal concentration for PTOA treatment was determined. The rat PTOA model was established through medial meniscal tear (MMT) surgery, followed by intra-articular administration of SkQ1 postoperatively. The gait characteristics of rats in each group were assessed biweekly following surgery. Outcome measures were evaluated at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively, including pathological evaluation of knee cartilage, ROS levels, markers of oxidative damage, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and apoptosis-related cytokines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In vitro, lower concentrations of SkQ1 (500 nM) exhibited superior antioxidant efficacy while minimizing cytotoxicity. The results indicated that SkQ1 administration significantly enhanced knee joint functionality and mitigated articular cartilage degeneration in both the acute and subacute phases of PTOA by inhibiting oxidative stress pathways. In a rat model of PTOA, SkQ1 not only alleviated gait abnormalities, but also substantially reduced levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including ROS, MDA, and 8-OHdG. Furthermore, SkQ1 effectively preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. Mechanistically, SkQ1 inhibited the release of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and downregulated key components of the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, such as Bax, Bak, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings suggested that SkQ1 exerts its therapeutic effects via multiple mechanisms, including the reduction of ROS accumulation, mitigation of oxidative damage, preservation of mitochondrial function, and inhibition of apoptotic pathways. These diverse actions position SkQ1 as a promising disease-modifying agent for PTOA treatment, potentially offering benefits that extend beyond ","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"e18761429383749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maprotiline Prompts an Antitumour Effect by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression in Mice with Melanoma.","authors":"Lirui Liang, Yang Li, Yang Jiao, Chunjing Zhang, Mingguang Shao, Hanyu Jiang, Zunge Wu, Haoqi Chen, Jiaming Guo, Huijie Jia, Tiesuo Zhao","doi":"10.2174/0118761429259562230925055749","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118761429259562230925055749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research has revealed that the expression of PD-L1 is significantly upregulated in tumour cells and that the binding of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibits the response of T cells, thereby suppressing tumour immunity. Therefore, blocking PD-L1/PD-1 signalling has become an important target in clinical immunotherapy. Some old drugs, namely, non-anticancer drugs, have also been found to have antitumour effects, and maprotiline is one of them. Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant that has been widely used to treat depression. However, it has not yet been reported whether maprotiline can exert an antitumour effect on melanoma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the antitumour efficacy of maprotiline in mice with melanoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, female C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a tumour-bearing animal model. After treatment with maprotiline, the survival rate of mice was recorded daily. The expression of relevant proteins was detected by Western blotting, the proportion of immune cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the infiltration of immune cells in tumour tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maprotiline was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of B16 cells while increasing cell apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with maprotiline decreased the expression of PD-L1 and increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells in the spleen. It also increased the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumour tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research findings suggest that maprotiline enhances the antitumour immune response in mouse melanoma by inhibiting PD-L1 expression. This study may discover a new PD-L1 inhibitor, providing a novel therapeutic option for the clinical treatment of tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":93964,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular pharmacology","volume":"17 1","pages":"e18761429259562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138049016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}