Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Mechanisms of Open Globe Injury in the United States: A Multi-Center Study.","authors":"Shruti Anant, Alicia Casella, Jason A Greenfield, Sarah C Miller, Kristine Y Wang, Bita Momenaei, Karen Lee, Hana A Mansour, Grant A Justin, Kevin G Makhoul, Racquel A Bitar, Alice Lorch, Grayson W Armstrong, Taku Wakabayashi, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Kara M Cavuoto, Fasika Woreta","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S520082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S520082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We sought to examine the demographic and clinical risk factors associated with specific mechanisms of open globe injuries (OGIs) and identify predictors of Zone III injuries across multiple tertiary eye care centers.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>1570 patients with OGIs presenting to the Wilmer Eye Institute, the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Wills Eye Hospital between 2018-2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Multinomial and binomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between demographic and clinical risk factors with injury mechanisms and Zone III injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the study population (74.2% male, mean age 48.2 years), falls (21.3%), construction work (16.2%), and assaults (10.0%) were the most common injury mechanisms. Black patients had higher risk of assault-related OGIs (relative risk ratio [RRR], 6.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.06-19.93; p<0.001) and elderly patients >61 years showed increased risk for falls (RRR, 10.45; 95% CI, 2.22-49.10; p=0.003). Eyelid laceration was significantly associated with assaults (RRR, 5.58; 95% CI, 1.59-19.65; p=0.007) and falls (RRR, 4.81; 95% CI, 1.61-14.34; p=0.005), while iris prolapse was associated with assaults (RRR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.12-9.32; p=0.03) and construction work injuries (RRR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.12-3.52; p=0.02). Zone III injuries were independently associated with eyelid laceration (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.20-2.18; p<0.001), relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) (PR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.71-3.43; p<0.001), and retrobulbar hemorrhage (PR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.76-4.36; p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This multi-institutional study identified distinct demographic risk profiles for different OGI mechanisms and clinical predictors of severe injuries. These findings suggest opportunities for targeted prevention strategies and may aid in early identification and triage of severe OGIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1543-1556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Epi-On vs Epi-Off Corneal Cross-Linking in Corneal Ectasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Reem O Nughays, Abdullah S Bazayd, Lujain A Alshamekh, Reemas A Alshammari, Mohammed A Alenezi, Hashem Y Dahlan, Jana A Alsubhi, Sara G Alshammri, Nouf A AlQurashi, Abdulaziz H Aldajani, Abdulrahman H Alrammah, Mariam N Alenezi, Areej Abdullah Almutairi, Abdulaziz F Alomayri, Saeed Alghamdi","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S508618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S508618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal ectasias are progressive conditions that impair vision and quality of life. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) aims to halt disease progression by strengthening the cornea. This review compares two CXL methods, epithelium-on (epi-on) and epithelium-off (epi-off), to assess their safety and effectiveness for managing corneal ectasia. A systematic search up to July 2024 of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Scopus identified 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 872 patients and 1041 eyes. Data were analyzed following PRISMA guidelines using fixed-effects and random-effects models. The primary outcome was the change in maximal keratometry (Kmax) at 12 months, with secondary outcomes including safety profile, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), and endothelial cell count (ECC). The findings revealed no statistically significant differences between epithelium-on (epi-on) and epithelium-off (epi-off) CXL in Kmax, BCVA, UCVA, SE, or corneal curvature parameters. However, epithelium-off (epi-off) CXL was associated with less endothelial cell loss and higher rates of side effects, including corneal haze and postoperative discomfort. The choice of treatment should be tailored to individual patient needs, balancing clinical goals and safety considerations. This review highlights the need for further studies to optimize CXL approaches and improve outcomes while minimizing complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1531-1541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Treatment in Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Based on Minimal Manifestation: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Parinee Kemchoknatee, Boonravee Santitamrongvtit, Thansit Srisombut","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S520136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S520136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness caused by autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors. Prednisolones improve symptoms by reducing autoantibody activity, but its optimal use, particularly in ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG), remains unclear due to limited trials and variable responses.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy, optimal dosing, and predictors of first minimal manifestation (MM) with oral prednisolone in myasthenia gravis, based on the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Post-Intervention Status (MGFA-PIS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with OMG treated with oral prednisolones between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2022 at Rajavithi Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline data, dosing, efficacy, and outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression and survival curves to identify predictors and time to first MM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 101 OMG, 81 patients (80.2%) achieved MM. The mean age was 46.6 ±6.9 years in the MM group and 46.2 ± 6.0 years in the non-MM group. The mean daily dose of pyridostigmine was significant higher in the MM group (152.68 ± 32.38 mg/day) compared to the non-MM group (133 ± 34.50 mg/day) (p = 0.018). The prednisolone dosage was comparable between the two groups. Seropositivity of AChRAb, thymoma, thymectomy, concurrent autoimmune diseases were notably observed in non-MM group (p < 0.05, respectively). Cox proportional hazards analysis and survival curves revealed higher pyridostigmine dosage (HR 1.713, 95% CI: 1.029-2.849, p = 0.038). Prednisolone initiation at 6-12 months reduced MM (HR 0.527, 95% CI: 0.297-0.936, p = 0.029), with further reduction observed beyond 12 months (HR 0.165, 95% CI: 0.073-0.368, p < 0.001). The presence of AChRAb, thymoma, prednisolones dosage and ophthalmic manifestations demonstrated no significant association with the achievement of minimal manifestation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early prednisolone initiation (within 6 months) and higher pyridostigmine doses were linked to remission, highlighting treatment factors over demographics in OMG outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1505-1513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): An Overview of Biomarkers in Various Samples for Prediction, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.","authors":"Dan Huang, ZhuoQi Liu, Yan Deng","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S519292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S519292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinal vascular disease marked by abnormal development of retinal vessels in low birth weight preterm infants. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in preterm infants. Current ROP screening methods impose high demands on both the equipment and the expertise of ophthalmologists, which limits their widespread application, particularly in secondary hospitals and remote areas. Thus, the identification of relevant biomarkers and the development of simpler detection methods are important and promising. Non-invasive or minimally invasive sampling methods, along with biomarkers possessing high sensitivity and specificity, could greatly enhance neonatal screening, facilitate early diagnosis, and improve prevention of blindness in preterm infants. This review provides relevant medical insights for clinical practice. This review explored, compares and analyzes various sampling sources. It compares and analyzes research on ROP-related biomarkers derived from these samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1515-1530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Factors for Successful Surgical Outcomes in Trochlear Nerve Palsy: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review.","authors":"Worapot Srimanan","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S525257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S525257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Trochlear nerve palsy is a common cause of double vision, particularly vertical diplopia. Surgery might be necessary if the condition does not improve independently. The success of the surgery can vary based on the method employed, and clear factors to predict its effectiveness are not evident. This study evaluates surgical techniques, success rates, and prognostic factors for trochlear nerve palsy at a tertiary hospital.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients undergoing strabismus surgery for trochlear nerve palsy at Phramongkutklao Hospital between April 2012 and July 2024. Collected data included demographics, visual acuity, stereopsis, etiology, preoperative angles, surgical methods, and postoperative outcomes. A literature review regarding surgical success and prognostic factors was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two cases were included, with 79.2% involving decompensated congenital trochlear nerve palsy. The overall surgical success rate was 76.39%, and inferior oblique myectomy was the most common and effective procedure (44.4% of cases). Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, a preoperative hypertropia of ≤15 prism diopters was the significant factor for predicting successful outcomes in this study (OR 5.13, 95% CI 1.19-22.18).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inferior oblique muscle surgery effectively addresses small-angle deviations in trochlear nerve palsy. A <15 prism diopters vertical deviation strongly predicted positive surgical outcomes in this study. Further studies are needed to compare surgical techniques and explore additional prognostic factors to optimize long-term outcomes and improve patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1489-1503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in HLA-B27-Associated Acute Anterior Uveitis.","authors":"Varan Varadisai, Thanapong Somkijrungroj, Wijak Kongwattananon","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S524462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S524462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as inflammatory markers in patients with HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (AAU) compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study included 42 patients diagnosed with HLA-B27-associated AAU and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Ocular findings, uveitis activity, and hematologic parameters were extracted from medical records. The NLR and PLR were calculated and compared between groups to assess their diagnostic value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both NLR and PLR were significantly elevated in the HLA-B27 AAU group (Mean ± SD: 3.46 ± 2.08 and 171.53 ± 88.44) compared to controls (1.59 ± 0.61 and 123.94 ± 48.67, respectively) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003). White blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count, and platelet count were also significantly higher in the AAU group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that NLR had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.798, with 71.4% sensitivity and 88.1% specificity, while PLR had an AUC of 0.679, with 64.3% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with HLA-B27-associated AAU exhibited significantly higher NLR and PLR compared to controls. These hematologic markers reflect systemic inflammation but are not disease specific. NLR and PLR may serve as an adjunctive indicator in patients presenting with clinical signs of active HLA-B27 AAU.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1467-1474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Tenon's versus Topical Anesthesia for Effectiveness of Analgesia During Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ghazal Valizadeh, Elliot Duong, Christopher Thang, Leigh D White","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S512750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S512750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sub-Tenon's and topical anesthesia are the most common anesthetic techniques employed for cataract surgery. The objectives were to compare the effectiveness of intraoperative analgesia between the two techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was performed of three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) from inception until August 2023. Included were adult patients undergoing routine cataract surgery with sub-Tenon's or topical anesthesia. Excluded were studies using systemic medications and complicated surgeries. The primary outcome was intraoperative analgesia assessed by patient reported pain scores. Secondary outcomes were post-operative pain at 30 minutes and 24 hours, patient satisfaction, surgeon satisfaction and complications. Risk of bias was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Outcomes were statistically assessed with meta-analyses where able.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies with 1370 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Sub-Tenon's block provided better intraoperative analgesia with lower pain scores (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.36; p < 0.001) which remained significant on subgroup analysis of six studies with uniform pain scales (MD -0.84, 95% CI -1.22 to -0.47; p < 0.001). Instances of severe intraoperative discomfort requiring rescue regional anesthesia were reported with topical anesthesia. While there was no difference in pain scores at 30 minutes or 24 hours post-operatively, higher patient and surgeon satisfaction was found with sub-Tenon's anesthesia. Serious complications were rare, with a higher reported rate of posterior capsule rupture with topical anesthesia. Only two of fourteen studies were considered an overall low risk-of-bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sub-Tenon's block provides marginally better intraoperative analgesia during cataract surgery over topical anesthesia. Both can be considered effective for uncomplicated cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1475-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship of Frailty with Surgical and Laser Treatment for Patients with Glaucoma.","authors":"Jonathan D Groothoff, James A Rhead, Isaiah J Miller, Nicholas D De la Osa, Jordan A Perry, Walter S Duy, Joni K Evans, Atalie C Thompson","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S514689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S514689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine whether frailty, quantified by an electronic Frailty Index (eFI), was associated with the likelihood of receiving surgery or laser treatment in patients with glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center retrospective review of patients presenting with glaucoma who had a calculable eFI. A repeated measures multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship between eFI score and the likelihood of having glaucoma surgery, and a multivariable survival model was also created to assess time to glaucoma surgery. Similar models were constructed for laser treatment (LT). Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, baseline intraocular pressure, and severity based on mean deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1168 patients (2248 eyes) were included in this study. Glaucoma surgery was significantly more likely among those with severe [OR=2.89] or moderate glaucoma [OR=1.89] (<i>p</i><0.001). Older age (per 10 year increase) was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of receiving glaucoma surgery [OR=0.581, <i>p</i><0.001], longer times to glaucoma surgery [HR=0.719, <i>p</i>=0.007], and lower likelihood of LT [OR=0.774, <i>p</i>=0.05]. For every 0.1 unit increase in eFI, indicating greater frailty, there was a significantly reduced likelihood of receiving surgical treatment [OR=0.672, <i>p</i><0.001], longer time to surgery [HR=0.670, <i>p</i>=0.001], and lower likelihood of LT [OR=0.725, <i>p</i>=0.010], independent of IOP, glaucoma severity, age, sex, or race.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased age and frailty scores are associated with reduced likelihood of receiving glaucoma surgery or LT and longer time to glaucoma surgery, even after controlling for baseline IOP and glaucoma severity. Future studies should investigate whether frailty impacts surgical outcomes in glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1455-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Mask-Associated Dry Eye and Contributing Factors in Healthcare Providers.","authors":"Kathryn S Park, Bryanna J Lee, Michael J Ang, Medi Eslani, Sarah Shacterman, Jonghwa Jun, Maria L Gomez, Don O Kikkawa, Natalie A Afshari","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S510917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S510917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate mask-associated dry eye among healthcare providers and assess the impact of glasses, contact lenses, and mask types on ocular surface parameters.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This prospective study included 50 healthcare providers who wore face masks throughout the day and 10 control subjects who did not. Ocular surface assessments were conducted in the morning and after a full workday. Assessments included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear osmolarity, tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular staining score, Schirmer I test, and LipiView™ interferometer parameters: lipid layer thickness (LLT), Meibomian gland dropout (MGd), incomplete/complete blinks, and partial blinking rate (PBR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty healthcare providers (mean age 39.83 ± 12.3 years) and 10 controls (mean age 29.40 ± 14.43 years) were included. Mask use averaged 7.15 ± 1.15 hours daily. Mask use was associated with a significant increase in OSDI scores compared to controls (mean change 4.50 ± 10.17 vs -1.00 ± 1.94; P = 0.041) and a larger decrease in TBUT in the right eye (mean change -1.65 ± 3.37 vs 0.30 ± 1.57; P = 0.008) and left eye (mean change -1.40 ± 2.91 vs -1.20 ± 1.93; P = 0.046). No significant changes were observed in tear osmolarity, LLT, MGd, or Schirmer I results. Glasses were correlated with a smaller decrease in TBUT in the right eye (r² = 0.085, P = 0.044) and left eye (r² = 0.125, P = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mask use is associated with increased OSDI scores and decreased TBUT, potentially worsening dry eye disease. Glasses may offer some protection, but further research is needed to fully address mask-associated dry eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1443-1454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12050417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailored Anti-VEGF Therapy with New Generation Optimizations (TANGO) Treatment Regimen for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Rationale, Design, and Simulation Study.","authors":"Yousif Subhi, Lena Michelle Mørup Andersen, Javad Nouri Hajari, Naayaab Henningsen, Karin Ingemann Larsen, Miklos Schneider","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S518756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S518756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To present the rationale and design of the Tailored Anti-VEGF therapy with New Generation Optimizations (TANGO) treatment regimen for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and to simulate potential number of visits and injections with TANGO and compare to other treatment regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a descriptive short report of the rationale and design of TANGO. The purpose of TANGO is to lessen the burden of therapy with new generation anti-VEGF medications that have better durability. We also simulate the potential number of visits and injections during the first year with TANGO and compare these numbers to other treatment regimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our report describes TANGO and provides a flow chart for its use. Our simulations suggest that TANGO may lead to a reduced number of visits and injections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our simulations suggest that employing TANGO may lead to a reduced number of visits and anti-VEGF injections while still providing intensive therapy for those who require it. However, it should be emphasized that this is a descriptive report and a simulation study, and clinical real-world studies of efficacy and safety using TANGO are warranted to better understand implications of employing TANGO in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1435-1441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}