Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"Metal-oxide nanocatalysts for spontaneous sequestration of endocrine-disrupting compounds from wastewater.","authors":"Abayomi Bamisaye, Shakirudeen Modupe Abati, Ayodeji Rapheal Ige, Nelson Oshogwue Etafo, Yakubu Adekunle Alli, Muyideen Olaitan Bamidele, Omolabake Abiodun Okon-Akan, Kayode Adesina Adegoke, Olajumoke T Abiola-Kuforiji, Mopelola Abidemi Idowu, Olugbenga Solomon Bello","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quest for a good life, urbanization, and industrialization have led to the widespread distribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water bodies through anthropogenic activities. This poses an imminent threat to both human and environmental health. In recent years, the utilization of advance materials for the removal of EDCs from wastewater has attracted a lot of attention. Metal-oxide nanocatalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their high surface area, reactivity, and tunable properties, as well as enhanced surface properties such as mesoporous structures and hierarchical morphologies that allow for increased adsorption capacity, improved photocatalytic activity, and enhanced selectivity towards specific EDCs. As a result, they have shown extraordinary efficacy in removing a wide range of EDCs from aqueous solutions, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, personal care items, and industrial chemicals. This study give insight into the unique physicochemical characteristics of metal-oxide nanocatalysts to effectively and efficiently remove harmful EDCs from wastewater. It also discussed the advances in the synthesis, and properties of metal-oxide nanocatalysts, and insight into understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the adsorption and degradation of EDCs on metal-oxide nanocatalysts using advanced characterization techniques such as spectroscopic analysis and electron microscopy. The findings of the study present metal-oxide nanocatalysts as a good candidate for the spontaneous sequestration of EDCs from wastewater is an intriguing approach to mitigating water pollution and safeguarding public health and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism-based toxicity screening of organophosphate flame retardants using Tox21 assays and molecular docking analysis.","authors":"Donghyeon Kim, Kimoon Na, Jinhee Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As brominated flame retardants are phased out and regulations on their use become stricter, concerns over organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have increased due to their high production. In response, this study aimed to screen the potential toxicity of emerging OPFRs using in vitro Tox21 assays and in silico molecular docking analysis. For 48 OPFRs collected from the literature, we investigated their bioactivity with human nuclear receptors using Tox21 data, focusing on pathways related to endocrine disruption (ERs, AR), stress response (GR), energy homeostasis (PPARs, FXR), and detoxification (PXR, CAR). For OPFRs not tested in Tox21 assays, molecular docking simulations were performed to predict binding potential. Results showed that CAR/PXR and FXR had relatively high reactivity with diverse OPFRs, indicating potential molecular initiating events (MIEs). Among the 48 OPFRs, 28 interacted with one or more receptors, suggesting they may act as potential stressors of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) leading to various human diseases. Aryl- and halogenated-OPFRs displayed higher bioactivity compared to alkyl-OPFRs. Additionally, as the logKow value and carbon number of OPFRs increased, their interaction with nuclear receptors also increased. These structure- and physicochemistry-dependent bioactivities provide insights for designing safer OPFRs to avoid regrettable substitutions. Of these prioritized OPFRs, 13 showed low oral points-of-departure (POD) values under 100 mg/kg/day. In contrast, the other 15 OPFRs lacked sufficient data or exhibited less severe toxicity, despite being predicted to be of high concern in our analysis. Since several OPFRs are commonly used in consumer products that can lead to daily human exposure, we suggest that these OPFRs have the potential to reveal undisclosed effects and should therefore undergo further assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143772"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large scale study on PFASs levels in fruits, vegetables and soil from allotments and gardens contaminated by atmospheric deposition from a Dutch fluorochemical production plant.","authors":"Tessa Pancras, Elisabeth van Bentum, Leontien de Pagter, Maarten van Hoef, Ron Hoogenboom, Bjorn Berendsen, Stefan P J van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citizens grow their own fruits and vegetables in allotment gardens in the vicinity of a fluorochemical production plant (FCPP) in The Netherlands. Historic emissions and the subsequent atmospheric deposition of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and GenX (hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid/HFPO-DA) from the FCPP have resulted in the nearby environment being contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This research aimed to investigate the levels of PFASs in garden produce and whether a gradient can be observed in relation to distance from the FCPP. Furthermore, differences between certain types of fruits and vegetables were explored, as well as a potential relation between the measured concentrations in garden produce and soil. 737 fruit and vegetable samples were collected from 17 allotments and 4 gardens up to 20 km from the FCPP, along with soil and water samples. Garden produce included fruits, potatoes, fruiting vegetables, brassicas, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, bulb vegetables, legumes and stem vegetables. PFASs concentrations in the samples were quantified using a very sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method. PFASs were detected in most samples above the analytical limit of detection (0.3-12.5 pg/g ww). PFOA and GenX were found in the highest concentrations (up to 5280 pg/g ww GenX and 3020 pg/g ww PFOA) in garden produce sampled downwind and close to the FCPP. Other PFASs were also found, but at (much) lower levels. Field-derived bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated for PFOA and GenX. The BAFs for PFOA were shown to be approximately 1 order of magnitude lower than BAFs from other studies. This may be explained by aging of the PFASs contamination and the intense cultivation of the garden plots. This study shows that PFOA and GenX can end up in garden produce and this will result in human exposure when the garden produce is consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stormwater treatment in constrained urban spaces through a hybrid Sequential Sedimentation Biofiltration System.","authors":"P Jarosiewicz, A Font-Najera, J Mankiewicz-Boczek, A Chamerska, S Amalfitano, S Fazi, T Jurczak","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban areas face increasing pressures on water resources, necessitating innovative approaches to climate adaptation and water quality management. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) offer a sustainable pathway, yet their integration with existing infrastructure in urban settings remains occasional. This study presents a novel hybrid system-Sequential Sedimentation Biofiltration System (SSBS)-designed for stormwater treatment within confined urban spaces. The system was adjusted to the existing stormwater infrastructure by integrating a sedimentation tank (SED), three Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs), and a biofiltration zone (BIO). The SSBS was evaluated for its efficiency in removing nutrients and sediments, focusing on the performance of PRBs. Our findings showed limited sediment removal in SED and PRBs due to spatial constraints and a high Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR = 1.31 m/d), achieving an average of 13.6% Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal. However, PRBs demonstrated effective removal of ammonium (43.4%) and phosphate (59.3%), potentially due to sorption and biofilm activity, with dominant microbial communities including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and nutrient-transforming taxa such as Nitrospirae. Interestingly, PRBs increased nitrite levels (57.1%) but did not significantly impact nitrate, chloride, or TSS. The BIO zone further enhanced nutrient retention (56% PO₄-P) and served as a sink for TSS (52%). This study underscores the potential for integrating traditional urban infrastructure with NbS in a sequential stormwater treatment system, demonstrating its effectiveness in space-constrained urban environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"367 ","pages":"143696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of interelectrode distances in electrocoagulation: is there any possibility and advantages to operate at micro-distances with low-conductivity effluents?","authors":"Emmanuel Mousset, Faidzul Hakim Adnan, Aurélien Ruffet, Paul Moretti, Bruno Cédat","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been proposed for the first time to investigate the possibility to implement micro-inter-electrode distances in electrocoagulation (EC) in order to improve both the treatment and energy efficiencies compared to conventional EC cells with centimetric distances. The study has been performed in a microfluidic monopolar flow-by filter-press cell for the treatment of simulated and real low-conductivity (0.5-1 mS cm^-1) laundry wastewaters. The influences of interelectrode distance (d_elec) (100-10,000 μm), applied current density (j_app) (10-200 mA cm^-2), and types of anode materials (iron, aluminium and stainless steel) have been studied. The removal of representative organic pollutant (i.e., paracetamol at 15 mg L^-1) as well as of total organic carbon (TOC) content (312 mg-C L^-1) from actual wastewater was noticed, including at micro-distances. Optimal treatment capacities were obtained with d_elec of 0.5 mm (57% TOC removed), 3 mm (58% TOC removed) and 10 mm (41% TOC removed) and with j_app of 70 mA cm^-2, 40 mA cm^-2 and 20 mA cm^-2 respectively, using stainless steel anode. It led to reduced energy requirement at micro-distances (16 kWh g-TOC^-1 at 500 μm) compared to millimetric gap (19 kWh g-TOC^-1 at 3 mm, 40 kWh g-TOC^-1 at 10 mm). Contrastingly, more sludge was generated with micrometric distance (172 g-sludge g-TOC^-1 at 500 μm) compared to larger gaps (95 g-sludge g-TOC^-1 at 3 mm, 87 g-sludge g-TOC^-1 at 10 mm) due to higher optimal j_app at low distances. The efficiency was maximal with an aluminium electrode, but this anode remained inapplicable with micro-distances using the current reactor design, given the high sludge production between the cathode and anode.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-stage versus two-stage partial nitritation - anammox reactor systems for deammoniafication under hypersaline conditions.","authors":"Lin Gao, Samah Abasi, Sheldon Tarre, Ji-Dong Gu, Michal Green","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of increasing amounts of high salinity wastewaters in our industrialized society has prioritized their treatment to prevent environmental pollution. The partial nitritation - anammox (PN/A) process for nitrogen removal has been little investigated for hypersaline wastewaters (salinity greater than 3%). In the investigation presented here, single-stage versus two-stage partial nitritation - anammox (PN/A) reactor systems for deammonification at 4% (40 g/kg) saline conditions were investigated and compared in completely mixed fixed bed reactors. In the two-stage system, the first stage reactor achieved a nitritation rate of 1.9 gN/L-reactor/d. Effluent from the partial nitritation reactor was then fed to the second two-stage anammox reactor and the maximal nitrogen removal of 0.8 g/L-reactor/d was achieved. The dominant microbial species for the ammonia oxidizing and anammox reactions in the nitritation (first) reactor and the second reactor were identified as Nitrosococcus oceani and Candidatus Scalindua wagneri, respectively, both obligate halophiles. In the single-stage reactor, deammonification rates reached 0.6 gN/L-reactor/d. Nitrosomonas marina and Candidatus Scalindua wagneri were the dominant AOB and anammox bacteria, respectively. Maintaining free ammonia (FA) concentrations above 1 mg/L was found to selectively inhibit nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and resulted in long term stable nitritation. At FA concentrations lower than 1 mg/L, nitrate began to appear after 20 days of reactor operation. Nitritation was recovered after increasing FA in the reactor to inhibitory concentrations. Overall N₂O emissions were shown to be significantly lower in the single-stage PN/A reactor than the two stage PN/A reactor system.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using α-SnWO₄ with g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites for wastewater remediation.","authors":"S P Keerthana, R Yuvakkumar, G Ravi, V Ravi Sankar, S Arun Metha, Suresh Sagadevan","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater management has become necessary in this industrialized era to meet the water needs of the world. Wastewater is one of the major crises in depletion of the environment. Photocatalysis is considered as the best way to remove pollutants. Therefore, in this study, pure and g-C₃N₄-SnWO₄ nanocomposites were produced employing hydrothermal route. Prepared composites were studied by various techniques. SnWO₄ band gap were altered by introduction of g-C₃N₄. The morphology was uniformly developed by the addition of g-C₃N₄ to the SnWO₄. Evans Blue dye was employed as model pollutant. The photocatalytic action was improved by adding g-C₃N₄, which formed a heterojunction with SnWO₄. The calculated rate constant was 0.000878, 0.0068, 0.01 and 0.0122 min^-1 for EB, SnWO₄-EB, 0.1 g g-C₃N₄-SnWO₄-EB and 0.2 g g-C₃N₄-SnWO₄-EB. The rate constant increased for 0.2 g g-C₃N₄-SnWO₄ photocatalyst. A heterojunction appeared between g-C₃N₄ and SnWO₄ facilitated SnWO₄ for better e^-/h⁺pair's separation and a lower recombination rate, which increased photocatalytic action of product. 0.2 g of g-C₃N₄-SnWO₄ is a promising candidate for future wastewater degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single and mixture toxicity of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites on Daphnia magna.","authors":"Yun-Ru Ju, Chang-Rui Su, Chih-Feng Chen, Cheng-Fu Shih, Li-Siang Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is one of the organic ultraviolet (UV) filters widely used in personal care products, resulting in its ubiquitous occurrence in aquatic systems. This study discovered the potential risks of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites (BP-1 and BP-8) in aquatic environments. This study investigated the toxicity of three single BPs and their mixtures' effects on the survival of Daphnia magna. All three BP types were found to have toxic effects on D. magna, with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 22.55 mg/L for BP-1, 1.89 mg/L for BP-3, and 2.36 mg/L for BP-8, after 48 h of exposure. When the three BPs were binary and ternary mixtures, the EC50 values fell within 2.74-32.26 mg/L. Binary and tertiary mixtures of the three BPs indicated no strong synergistic or antagonistic effects. The mixture toxicity predictions using the classical mixture concept of concentration addition and measured toxicity data showed good predictability. The ecological risks of BPs were assessed using the maximum measured environmental concentrations of BPs collected from a river in Taiwan, divided by their respective predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values derived from the assessment factor (AF) method. The result showed a low ecological risk for the sum of three BPs. However, BP-3 had the highest potential risk, while BP-1 was the lowest among the three BPs. Therefore, BP-3 should pay attention to long-term environmental monitoring and management. This study provides valuable information for establishing scientifically-based water quality criteria for BPs and evaluating and managing the potential risk of BPs in the aquatic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bismuth oxyiodide-based composites for advanced visible-light activation of peroxymonosulfate in pharmaceutical mineralization.","authors":"Laura Huidobro, Anna Domingo, Elvira Gómez, Albert Serrà","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water bodies represents a significant environmental and public health concern, largely due to their inherent persistence and potential to induce antibiotic resistance. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that employ peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation have emerged as an effective means of degrading these contaminants. Bismuth oxyiodides (BiOI), which are known for their visible-light photocatalytic properties, demonstrate considerable potential for removal of pharmaceutical pollutants. This study examines the synthesis and performance of BiOI-based composites with barium ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles for enhanced PMS activation under visible light. BiOI and Bi₅O₇I were synthesized via solvothermal and electrodeposition methods, respectively, and their morphologies and crystalline structures were observed to exhibit distinctive characteristics following annealing. The formation of the composite with BFO resulted in an improvement in the catalytic properties, which in turn enhanced the surface area and availability of active sites. The objective of the photocatalytic studies was to evaluate the degradation and mineralization of tetracycline (TC) under visible light, PMS, and combined conditions. The Bi₅O₇I(ED)-BFO catalyst was identified as the optimal candidate, achieving up to 99.8% TC degradation and 99.4% mineralization within 90 min at room temperature. The synergistic effect of BFO in BiOI-based composites significantly enhanced performance across all conditions, indicating their potential for efficient remediation of pharmaceutical pollutant. The material's performance was further evaluated in tap water, where the degradation efficiency decreased to 56.4% and mineralization to 38.2%. These results reflect the challenges posed by complex water matrices. However, doubling the PMS concentration to 5 mM led to improved outcomes, with 93.8% degradation and 81.4% mineralization achieved. These findings demonstrate the material's robust potential for treating pharmaceutical pollutants in real-world conditions, advancing sustainable water treatment technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"366 ","pages":"143532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of MMO and BDD anodes for electrochemical degradation of diuron in methanol medium.","authors":"William Santacruz, Julia Faria, Rodrigo De Mello, Maria Valnice Boldrin, Artur de Jesus Motheo","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating emerging pollutants at low concentrations presents significant challenges in terms of degradation efficiency. Anodic oxidation using active and non-active electrodes shows great potential for wastewater treatment. Thus, this study compared the efficiency of a commercial mixed metal oxide anode (MMO: Ti/Ti_0.7Ru_0.3O₂) and a boron-doped diamond anode (BDD) for the electrochemical oxidation of diuron in methanol, in chloride and sulfate media. The MMO anode achieved diuron removal rates of 94.9% and 92.8% in chloride and sulfate media, respectively, with pseudo-first-order kinetic constants of 0.0177 and 0.0143 min^-1. The BDD anode demonstrated slightly higher removal rates, achieving 96.2% in sulfate medium and 96.9% in chloride medium, with respective kinetic constants of 0.0193 min⁻¹ and 0.0177 min⁻¹. Increasing the current density enhanced diuron removal by up to 15% for both electrodes; however, excessively high current densities led to increased energy consumption due to side reactions. The present of water had antagonistic effects, resulting in removal rates of 91.1% for chloride media using the BDD anode; and 87.4% and 90.4% in sulfate media with MMO and BDD anodes, respectively. The MMO anode in chloride medium did not show significant difference in the degradation percentage, reaching 96% of diuron removals. The degradation mechanism was proposed based on the detection of various by-products. The primary reactions observed during the oxidation of diuron in methanol involved chlorine substitution in the aromatic ring and dealkylation. These processes generated several intermediates and by-products at low concentrations, ultimately leading to high diuron removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"366 ","pages":"143517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}