Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Organophosphate flame retardants and their metabolites in paired dog food and urine: Pet exposure through food consumption' [Chemosphere 370 (2025) 143960/CHEM143960].","authors":"So-Hwi Park, Pil Jun Yun, Youngmin Hong, Ki-Tae Kim, Gyojin Choo","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends and spatial variations of chlorinated paraffins and olefins in sewage sludge from eight Swiss wastewater treatment plants from 1993 to 2020.","authors":"Jules Hutter, Oscar Mendo Diaz, Marco Knobloch, Markus Zennegg, Jean Claude Vogel, Edith Durisch, Urs Stalder, Laurent Bigler, Susanne Kern, Andreas M Buser, Norbert V Heeb","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High production rates of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and their widespread use resulted in a global contamination. Since 2017, short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C₁₀-C₁₃) are listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention. Technical CP mixtures contain hundreds of homologues and side products such as chlorinated olefins (COs), diolefins (CdiOs) and triolefins (CtriOs). Sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a suitable indicator to assess anthropogenic emissions of POPs. We studied 40 sewage sludge samples from eight WWTPs taken in 1993, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2020. These samples represent effluents of households of ∼344000 inhabitants corresponding to 4% of the Swiss population. Extracts were studied by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS, R > 100000). Respective mass spectra contained more than 20000 m/z values which were evaluated with the R-based automated spectra evaluation routine (RASER). We assigned ∼4300 ions to 226 CP, 94 CO, 32 CdiO and 26 CtriO homologues. Proportions of olefinic material were on average 8%, 1% and <1%, respectively. Homologue distributions from 1993 sludge were rich in SCCPs (26%) and SCCOs (36%). Average SCCP levels dropped by 85% from 15600 ± 14300 (1993) to 2370 ± 840 ng/g dry matter (2020). Thus, SCCP emissions from Swiss households and industry were reduced successfully from 1993 to 2020. Levels of medium- (MCCPs, C₁₄-C₁₇), long- (LCCPs, C₁₈-C₂₁) and very long-chain CPs (vLCCPs, C _≥ ₂₂) decreased by 67%, 11% and 11%. 2020 samples contained some (<1%) very short-chain CPs (vSCCPs, C _≤ ₉). Spatial variations for different WWTPs are minor, except for one, which received high MCCP loads from 2002 to 2012. We assume that wastewater from a point source has reached this plant in those years. According to the levels of sludge from WWTPs, we conclude that the use of SCCPs in Swiss households and thus the exposure of people was reduced in the last three decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between exposure to sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors and markers of thyroid function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hyuna Jang, Luke Calder, Jeong Weon Choi, Ba Reum Kwon, Elizabeth N Pearce, Hyeong-Moo Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are well-known sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that disturb iodide uptake at the thyroid, affecting thyroid function. However, the associations between NIS inhibitor exposure and thyroid function are not well summarized in humans.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to summarize associations between NIS inhibitor exposure and thyroid function markers and to identify key information gaps for future studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From four databases (Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL plus) up to May 31, 2024, we systematically searched studies that examined associations between levels of the three NIS inhibitors and thyroid hormones, including free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We also conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the pooled effect size of the associations between NIS inhibitor levels and thyroid function marker levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,588 identified studies, we selected 9 studies for full-text review and 4 studies for a meta-analysis. The association between perchlorate and TSH was primarily studied and only three studies considered iodine concentrations. As a result of a meta-analysis, TSH levels were positively associated with levels of combined NIS inhibitors [β: 0.105; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.046, 0.160] and perchlorate [β = 0.133; 95% CI: 0.056, 0.211]. We found negative trends between NIS inhibitors and FT3 and TT4 and positive but nonsignificant trends between FT3 and perchlorate and between TT4 and thiocyanate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provided comprehensive evidence on the association between exposure to NIS inhibitors and thyroid function markers in humans, aligning with the mechanisms observed in in vivo studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"372 ","pages":"144098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of inoculum temperature and characteristics on cellulose and sewage sludge biodegradability: A comparative study of three inocula.","authors":"Amal Hmaissia, Céline Vaneeckhaute","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of inoculum in initiating anaerobic digestion (AD), and accelerating the start-up of anaerobic digesters has been well-documented. However, the effect of aligning the origin temperature of the inoculum with the operational temperature of the new digester remains underexplored. This study investigates how the origin temperature and characteristics of the inoculum affect the kinetics and biodegradability of sewage sludge (SS) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Three inocula were used: one thermophilic (I1) and two mesophilic inocula (I2 and I3) in six Biomethane Potential tests (BMP) at 37 and 55 °C. Results indicated that inoculum temperature had no significant impact on the BMP values for MCC and SS, regardless of the experimental temperature. However, kinetic analyses revealed that I2 significantly outperformed I1 and I3 under both temperature conditions. This was attributed to I2's more diverse bacterial structure and lower inhibitor concentrations. High alkalinity, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids (VFA), as well as the presence of denitrifying bacteria (41.7 % of total communities in I1) contributed to poor kinetics of I1 and I3, which were unsuitable for mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures, respectively. Alkalinity (correlation with the Simpson index = -0.92, p < 0.05) and ammonia (correlations with Chao and ACE = -0.93 and -0.91, respectively, p < 0.05) were significantly linked to low bacterial diversity, while high VFA levels were strongly associated with poor inoculum kinetics (correlation with degradation kinetics = -0.90 to -0.99, p < 0.05). These findings offer insights into assessing the inoculum suitability based on its characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"372 ","pages":"144077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-efficient electrochemical degradation of diclofenac in water on planar and microstructured 2D, and macroporous 3D boron-doped diamond electrodes: Identification of degradation and transformation products.","authors":"Erika Mordačíková, Marián Marton, Lucia Hojová, Gabriela Kuchtová, Kateřina Grabicová, Pavol Michniak, Tomáš Mackuľak, Roman Grabic, Marian Vojs, Andrea Vojs Staňová","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The highly efficient degradation of persistent organic substances by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), which don't result in the formation of potentially harmful by-products, is crucial for the future of water management. In this study, boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDE) with three morphologies (planar 2D, microstructured 2D, and macroporous 3D) were employed for the anodic oxidation of diclofenac (DCF) in two working electrolytes (NaCl and Na₂SO₄). In total, 11 by-products formed during the electrochemical oxidation of DCF were identified via HPLC-HRMS. The identification of degradation products revealed the formation of various active chlorinated species. The utilization of a chlorine-free Na₂SO₄ electrolyte resulted in the formation of greater number of chlorinated species, while their elimination required a longer period compared to the use of NaCl electrolyte. The formation of by-products was also influenced by the specific type of BDD electrode, which was associated with variations in applied current density. This led to an uneven distribution of dichloro (2D BDDE) and trichloro (3D BDDE) patterns. However, none of the products showed signs of a high level of persistence. The results revealed that the type of electrolyte is the most significant factor affecting the removal efficiency of DCF, while the different electrode morphologies do not lead to differences in the removal rates. The electrode type exerted a notable influence on the removal rates, which was associated with varying applied current densities, exclusively in the case of the Na₂SO₄ electrolyte. Over 99 % removal efficiency for DCF in NaCl, with power consumption of 1.8 kWh m^-3 was achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the role of rubber seals in the generation of decentralized disinfection by-products in chlorinated water distribution systems.","authors":"Khaled Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Radwan, Eslam Ibrahim El-Aswar","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The degradation of rubber seal (RS), particularly ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM), in the drinking water networks has been confirmed, yet the role of RS as a disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor remains unknown. This study provides explicit proof of the formation of halogenated disinfection by-products (X-DBPs) from RS in chlorinated drinking water within water supply systems. Over time, exposure to chlorinated water ages RS, releasing high levels of organic compounds, which act as DBP precursors. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) emanating from RS recorded 12.1 μg L^-1 and 2.3 μg L^-1, respectively, after contact with chlorinated water. RS additionally revealed modest amounts (∼1.5 and 0.25-0.3 μg L^-1) of haloacetaldehydes (HALs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs), respectively, posing potential cytotoxic risks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses showed remarkable morphological alterations in RS due to exposure to chlorinated water, whether in ultrapure water or real water. Moreover, the correlation analysis of 2D-COS-FT-IR exhibited the hydroxyl group (O-H) as the most sensitive functional group among other groups toward chlorine. The biofilm in the plastic pipes exposed a negligible role in the formation of X-DBPs, emphasizing the main contributions of RS and the water matrix to the formation of X-DBPs in drinking water. Our results highlight the need to consider them alongside other DBP precursors to safeguard water quality and to explore safer alternatives for sealing water pipes within the distribution system.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial sulfur cycling determinants and implications for environmental impacts.","authors":"Felicia Y L Liu, Lauren E Twible, Tara E Colenbrander Nelson, Kelly Whaley-Martin, Yunyun Yan, James L S Arrey, Lesley A Warren","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) play a vital role in the occurrence of sulfur oxidation intermediate (SOI) compounds often recalcitrant to currently available, abiotic treatment within metal mine tailings impoundments (TI). As inadvertent SOI discharge post-treatment can lead to the uncontrolled acidification of receiving environments, it becomes increasingly important to elucidate the environmental controls on SOB identities and sulfur cycling within these relatively unstudied systems. Here, results identified controlling factors on SOB community differentiation and associated metabolic pathway occurrence through integrated physicochemical, geochemical, and microbial field and experimental investigation across three summers (2016, 2017, 2021) in a stratified Northern Ontario base metal TI. Dynamic shifts in SOB communities and sulfur oxidation pathways were primarily driven by [S₂O₃^2-] and further influenced by pH, [O₂], and conductivity. At [S₂O₃^2-] above 0.03 mM, Halothiobacillus spp. was observed to dominate in lower pH, higher conductivity conditions where complete SOI oxidation, mediated through the complete Sox pathway, is suggested to reduced [SOI] in treated discharge waters. At [S₂O₃^2-] below 0.03 mM, an SOB assemblage (Thiovirga spp., Thiobacillus spp., and Sediminibacterium spp.) was observed to collectively dominate under higher pH and lower conductivity, associated with SOI persistence due to SOI recycling pathways (incomplete Sox, rDSR, S₄I). Targeted SOB enrichment cultures confirmed the importance of S₂O₃^2- availability in driving SOB community shifts and the capability of Halothiobacillus to outcompete other SOB under oxygenated, high [S₂O₃^2-] conditions. Trends observed here for mine TI associated SOB were found to also occur across a broader suite of contexts using literature data, indicating their wider ecological relevance in interpreting outcomes associated with SOB activity. Results also provide new insights into improved, biologically informed management of sulfur associated risks with potential SOB manipulation through [S₂O₃^2-], pH, and/or [O₂] controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of plasmid-mediated resistance genes in poultry slaughterhouse wastewater employing a UV/H₂O₂ process: A metagenomic approach.","authors":"Beatriz Oliveira de Farias, Enrico Mendes Saggioro, Kaylanne S Montenegro, Mariana Magaldi, Hugo Sérgio Oliveira Santos, Ramon Loureiro Pimenta, Kayo Bianco, Maysa Mandetta Clementino","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poultry slaughterhouse effluents are important hotspots for the spread of both antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), contributing to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study reports a novel investigation to assess the effects of UV/H₂O₂ treatment on the removal of metaplasmidome-mediated ARGs from poultry slaughterhouse effluents. The effluent samples were subjected at 0.005-0.15 mol L^-1 of H₂O₂ and pH conditions (3, 5, 7 and 9). Bacterial community (rrs 16S rRNA), Escherichia coli (uidA) antimicrobial resistance (sul1 and int1) and metagenomic plasmid DNA removal were assessed. The UV/H₂O₂ treatment employing H₂O₂ = 0.01 mol L^-1 at pH 3 resulted in decreased of several markers (uidA, sul1 and int1). A metaplasmidome indicated the persistence of Burkholderiales order. The UV/H₂O₂ process reduced plasmid-associated ARGs by 92.5% and 90.4% at pH 3 and 7, respectively. Persistent genes were mainly composed of genes associated with efflux pumps and resistance to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones. These findings contribute to mitigate the spread of AMR in the agricultural sector, especially through the implementation of more efficient treatments, and reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"372 ","pages":"144109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances on dioxin and furan (dibenzofuran) based pollutants from analytical, environmental, and health perspectives.","authors":"Sofian Kanan, Fatin Samara, Lara Dronjak, Amjad Mahasneh, Matthew Moyet, Khaled Obeideen, Venkatesh Gopal","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dioxins and analogous derivatives pose significant concerns due to their impact on human health through both acute and prolonged exposures. They have the potential to resist natural degradation processes; therefore, they tend to accumulate in water, sediments, fish, meat, and human adipose tissue. As a result, concerns to both environmental and human health arise among the scientific community and environmental health organizers. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review highlighting recent findings of dioxin and furan pollution with a focus on major environmental and health aspects associated with the exposure to dioxin and its derivatives by assessing the routes of exposure, toxicity, and modes of action. Moreover, VOSviewer was used to understand the research interest within the scientific community in the study of dioxins and furans. Various strategies like remediation, methods of extraction and analysis, as well as protocols required to improve compound filtration and mineralization to enhance the efficiency of environmental cleanup processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"372 ","pages":"144120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper prevention values in Brazilian subtropical soils.","authors":"Thiago Ramos Freitas, Rafaela Alves Dos Santos Peron, Luis Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, Mari Lucia Campos, Osmar Klauberg-Filho, Dilmar Baretta","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA) Resolution 420/2009 establishes soil quality guideline values for copper, as the prevention value (PV). It defines the maximum concentrations of chemical substances permitted in the soil. Thus, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the copper PV adopted at the national level by conducting exposure assays with enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus, Enchytraeus bigeminus and Enchytraeus dudichi) and springtails (Folsomia candida, Proisotoma minuta and Sinella curviseta) in two Brazilian subtropical soils: a Latosol and an Argisol. Results revealed that copper reduces the reproductive capacity of all organisms as its concentration increases in the evaluated soils. Argisol presented the lowest effective concentration of 20% (EC₂₀) and 50% (EC₅₀) in species reproduction for all organisms evaluated. The most sensitive organism was the enchytraeid E. bigeminus, with EC₂₀ values of 58 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 30 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol, and EC₅₀ values of 155 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 91 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol. Among the springtails, S. curviseta exhibited the highest EC₂₀, with values of 230 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 136 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol. Conversely, the highest values of EC₅₀ were recorded for the species P. minuta (526 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 415 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol). Based on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach, the PVs calculated were 172 mg kg⁻¹ for Latosol and 106 mg kg⁻¹ for Argisol, derived from EC₅₀ data. For EC₂₀ data, the PV values calculated were 158 mg kg⁻¹ in Latosol and 100 mg kg⁻¹ in Argisol. By comparing the PV with the Brazilian adopted PV for copper (60 mg kg^-1), it was observed the efficacy of the CONAMA Resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"372 ","pages":"144079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}