Cell host & microbe最新文献

Human neutralizing antibodies targeting the measles virus hemagglutinin and fusion surface proteins. 针对麻疹病毒血凝素和融合表面蛋白的人中和抗体。

IF 18.7

Cell host & microbe Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.010

Marissa Acciani, Dawid Zyla, Gele Niemeyer, Stephanie Harkins, Diptiben Parekh, Emily Pawlack, Davide Lacarbonara, Dhvanir Kansara, Margaret E Ackerman, Stefan Niewiesk, Matteo Porotto, Kathryn M Hastie, Erica Ollmann Saphire

{"title":"Human neutralizing antibodies targeting the measles virus hemagglutinin and fusion surface proteins.","authors":"Marissa Acciani, Dawid Zyla, Gele Niemeyer, Stephanie Harkins, Diptiben Parekh, Emily Pawlack, Davide Lacarbonara, Dhvanir Kansara, Margaret E Ackerman, Stefan Niewiesk, Matteo Porotto, Kathryn M Hastie, Erica Ollmann Saphire","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"Measles virus (MeV), a highly transmissible paramyxovirus, can cause severe complications and death, particularly in infants and young children. How and where human antibodies target and neutralize MeV remain unclear. Here, we report a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for MeV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) surface proteins, derived from the memory B cells of a Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccinee. We mapped four and five major epitope clusters on H and F, respectively, and structurally characterized representative mAbs from each epitope cluster. MAbs against both H and F offer broad, potent, picomolar-level neutralization and substantially reduce viral loads in vivo when delivered before or after viral exposure. High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy of mAb complexes with H and F reveal highly conserved contact sites of the most protective antibodies. Characterization of these fully human mAbs provides avenues for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention against re-emerging MeV.","PeriodicalId":93926,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity. 母体蠕虫重新连接微生物群，以促进后代的抗病毒免疫。

IF 18.7

Cell host & microbe Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.009

Krist Antunes Fernandes, Felicia Sanders, Thomas R Cafiero, Chenyan Huang, Jojo Reyes, Abhishek Biswas, Ai Ing Lim

{"title":"Maternal helminths rewire the microbiota to promote offspring antiviral immunity.","authors":"Krist Antunes Fernandes, Felicia Sanders, Thomas R Cafiero, Chenyan Huang, Jojo Reyes, Abhishek Biswas, Ai Ing Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal environmental exposures can alter microbiome composition and lead to changes in offspring immunity. Industrialization has led to significant shifts in the microbiome, but whether these have transgenerational impacts remains unclear. Here, we discovered that maternal helminths, an evolutionarily conserved mammalian partner lost in industrialized societies, confer broad and lasting protection against respiratory viruses in offspring. This heterologous antiviral immunity is mediated by helminth-induced changes in the maternal microbiota. The tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), derived from helminth-altered microbiota, induces lung epithelial IFN-I responses and is sufficient to protect offspring from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus infections. Analysis of chronically helminth-infected human populations reveals gut microbiota enriched for tryptophan metabolic capacity. Additionally, IPA treatment is sufficient to enhance antiviral IFN-I signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells. Collectively, this work uncovers the importance of maternal helminth-driven trans-kingdom crosstalk across generations and highlights microbial metabolites as actionable strategies to strengthen antiviral defense.","PeriodicalId":93926,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biogeography-associated emergence of enhanced oxygen tolerance in the abundant human gut commensal Segatella copri. 与生物地理相关的增强氧耐受性的出现在丰富的人类肠道共生铜舌虫。

IF 18.7

Cell host & microbe Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.006

Youssef El Mouali, Caroline Tawk, Kun D Huang, Pavaret Sivapornnukul, Claudia Mengoni, Nicola Segata, Till Strowig

{"title":"Biogeography-associated emergence of enhanced oxygen tolerance in the abundant human gut commensal Segatella copri.","authors":"Youssef El Mouali, Caroline Tawk, Kun D Huang, Pavaret Sivapornnukul, Claudia Mengoni, Nicola Segata, Till Strowig","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"In the human gut, oxygen levels decrease with increasing distance from the epithelium, creating a gradient that dictates the spatial distribution of commensal bacteria based on varying oxygen tolerance. However, dietary and lifestyle changes can disrupt this ecosystem. Segatella copri, a prevalent ancestral commensal, typically displays greater oxygen sensitivity than Bacteroides species. Here, we find that the transcriptional regulator PerR controls a genetic network underlying S. copri's oxygen response that is critical for gut colonization. Notably, a subset of S. copri strains have acquired an additional oxygen response regulator, OxyR, likely through horizontal gene transfer from other Bacteroidales, conferring enhanced oxygen tolerance. Interestingly, OxyR-positive strains are more prevalent in industrialized countries yet absent in contemporary humans with traditional lifestyles and in ancient human samples. These findings point to recent evolutionary pressures on Segatella, potentially driven by lifestyle changes, which may impact the spatial distribution of the human gut microbiome.","PeriodicalId":93926,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Childhood immunological imprinting of cross-subtype antibodies targeting the hemagglutinin head domain of influenza viruses. 针对流感病毒血凝素头结构域的交叉亚型抗体的儿童免疫印迹。

IF 18.7

Cell host & microbe Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.004

Shuk Hang Li, Bo Wang, Gyunghee Jo, Artem Mikelov, Reilly K Atkinson, Valerie Le Sage, Colleen Furey, Jordan T Ort, Naiqing Ye, Sydney Gang, Ruhi Shah, Jefferson J S Santos, Katharina Röltgen, Shilpa A Joshi, Ji-Yeun Lee, Taylor A Pursell, Elizabeth M Drapeau, Julianna Han, Amy P Callear, Ronald G Collman, Arnold S Monto, Emily T Martin, Seema S Lakdawala, Andrew B Ward, Ian A Wilson, Scott D Boyd, Scott E Hensley

{"title":"Childhood immunological imprinting of cross-subtype antibodies targeting the hemagglutinin head domain of influenza viruses.","authors":"Shuk Hang Li, Bo Wang, Gyunghee Jo, Artem Mikelov, Reilly K Atkinson, Valerie Le Sage, Colleen Furey, Jordan T Ort, Naiqing Ye, Sydney Gang, Ruhi Shah, Jefferson J S Santos, Katharina Röltgen, Shilpa A Joshi, Ji-Yeun Lee, Taylor A Pursell, Elizabeth M Drapeau, Julianna Han, Amy P Callear, Ronald G Collman, Arnold S Monto, Emily T Martin, Seema S Lakdawala, Andrew B Ward, Ian A Wilson, Scott D Boyd, Scott E Hensley","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza virus cross-subtype antibodies targeting epitopes in the hemagglutinin (HA) head are rare because these epitopes are variable between influenza virus subtypes. We found that a large proportion of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from individuals immunized with the 2021-22 seasonal influenza vaccine bound to an epitope on the HA head of both the H1N1 vaccine strain and H3N2 strains from the mid-1990s. The unmutated common ancestors of many of these mAbs reacted to both the 1990s H3s and the 2021-22 H1 vaccine strain. These cross-subtype antibodies were also found in polyclonal sera, but only among individuals born in the 1990s. Ferrets sequentially exposed to a 1990s H3N2 virus and contemporary influenza vaccine also produced H1/H3 cross-reactive antibodies. Recently, H1N1 viruses have acquired a substitution that abrogates the binding of these antibodies. Together, our study demonstrates how prior influenza virus exposures can influence the specificity of antibodies elicited by entirely different influenza virus subtypes.","PeriodicalId":93926,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not just passengers: Phages as agents of genetic exchange in fecal microbiota transplantation. 不只是乘客：噬菌体是粪便微生物群移植中基因交换的媒介。

IF 18.7

Cell host & microbe Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.03.017

Belen Gonzalez Pastor, Andrey N Shkoporov, Colin Hill

引用次数: 0

No sugar, no problem: Glycogen-fueled neutrophils slay fungi. 没有糖，没有问题：以糖原为燃料的中性粒细胞杀死真菌。

IF 18.7

Cell host & microbe Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.03.006

George S Deepe

引用次数: 0

Microbes that chew allergens mitigate anaphylaxis. 微生物咀嚼过敏原可以减轻过敏反应。