Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Flow-cytometric Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species in Blood Cells: A Potential Tool for Predicting Restenosis - Insights from a Cohort Study.","authors":"Rakesh Raman Patyar, Sazal Patyar, Yash Paul Sharma, Krishan Lal Khanduja","doi":"10.2174/011871529X341683241206073131","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X341683241206073131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a recurrence of a blockage in a section of the coronary artery that has previously been treated with a stent. Molecular/biochemical pathways underlying ISR are not fully understood, but inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of restenosis. As blood cells are highly sensitive to oxidative stress and blood is readily accessible compared to other tissues, the current study flow cytometrically investigated intracellular ROS and cytokine profile of blood cells as possible markers of restenosis. Flow cytometry is commonly used for detecting ROS and analyzing oxidative stress but so far, it has not been utilized for prediction of ISR. So, the aim of the study was to explore the potential of flow cytometric assessment of ROS levels in the blood cells as predictor of ISR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out in a total of 60 patients who had previously undergone coronary artery stent implantation. They were categorized as Group I - Coronary stent implanted patients without restenosis (n=30) and Group II - Coronary stent implanted patients with restenosis (n=30). Sociodemographics, biochemical and angiographic characteristics were assessed. Intracellular ROS and cytokine estimation in blood cells was done by using flow cytometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Flow cytometric measurements demonstrated a 1.3-fold increase in ROS levels in red blood cells (RBCs) and 2-fold increase in ROS levels in leucocytes in group II as compared to group I. Mean serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-α (33.54 ± 6.48 vs. 20.10 ± 5.61, p <0.001***), interferon-gamma (21.76 ± 4.46 vs. 20.10 ± 5.61, p <0.001***), interleukin 6 (152.56 ± 30.67 vs. 113.95 ± 23.38, p <0.001***) were found to be higher in restenotic patients as compared to the non-restenotic patients. Correlation analysis showed that intracellular ROS levels of RBCs exhibited a significant positive correlation with late lumen loss in restenotic (r=0.71, p <0.01) as well as non-restenotic patients (r=0.59, p <0.01). Similarly, intracellular ROS levels of WBCs exhibited a significant positive correlation with late lumen loss in restenotic (r=0.72, p <0.01) as well as non-restenotic patients (r=0.61, p <0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the role of increased levels of intracellular ROS in blood cells in the subsequent development of ISR, which can be detected flow cytometrically. The study suggests that intracellular ROS estimation in blood cells may serve as a potential marker for restenosis and their flow cytometric analysis may facilitate the prediction of ISR.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose Systemic Tissue-type-plasminogen-activator Compared to Conventional Anti-coagulation for the Treatment of Intermediate-high Risk Pulmonary Embolism.","authors":"Alan De la Rosa, Adrian Rojas Murguia, Michael J Brockman, Debabrata Mukherjee, Manu Rajachandran, Nils P Nickel","doi":"10.2174/011871529X349173250119114056","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X349173250119114056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent cause of death. Acute PE may be treated either with full anticoagulation (AC) alone or thrombolytic therapy with systemic tissue-type-plasminogen-activator (tPA) based on risk assessment. Currently, AC is the standard of care for most patients with intermediate-high-risk PE, with low-dose tPA emerging as an effective alternative. However, studies directly comparing the efficacy and safety of low-dose tPA to AC are lacking in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare the efficacy and safety of low-dose tPA, compared to AC alone in regards to right ventricular function, in-hospital mortality and bleeding complications in patients presenting with intermediate-high risk PE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, retrospective cohort trial conducted at a university hospital. A total of 148 patients were screened, and 88 patients qualified for this study. The primary endpoints were changes in right ventricular function on echocardiogram in 24 hours, in-hospital mortality, and major bleeding complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-eight consecutive patients with intermediate high-risk PE were included. Twenty- six patients (29.5%) received low-dose systemic tPA administered via intravenous infusion, and 62 patients (70.4%) received standard full-dose anticoagulation. There were no significant differences in baseline vital signs or PESI scores between the low-dose tPA and the AC group. Patients in the low-dose tPA group had worse RV function and higher troponin levels at baseline but showed significant improvement in all RV parameters assessed during the 24-hour follow-up. In comparison, there was no significant improvement in RV function in the AC group. There were more bleeding events in the AC group. LOS was shorter in the low-dose tPA group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with low-dose prolonged infusion of tPA may be an effective and safe therapy in patients with intermediate-risk PE. Compared to AC, low-dose tPA was effective in decreasing PASP and restoration of RV function.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"46-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating Cardiovascular Disorders with Personalized Medicine.","authors":"Ishu Garg, Harish Kumar, Madhu Verma, Iti Chauhan, Vishal Panwar","doi":"10.2174/011871529X361429250215190129","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X361429250215190129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past decade has appreciated personalized medicine as a novel medical approach that deals with all practices that are tailored to individual patients. Personalized treatment or personalized cardiology for cardiovascular disorders is an emerging medicine system for related patients. Personalized cardiology is solely based on genomics and proteomics; molecular diagnostics and biomarkers of the cardiovascular system link diagnosis with therapy. Bioinformatics is useful in CVD risk stratification and might improve risk-estimating algorithms. Personalized cardiology involves 3D printing, pharmacotherapy, surgery, lifestyle modifications, and combinations thereof. Understanding the pathology of CVD and identifying causative factors at the individual level can provide opportunities for developing personalized medicine. Since it offers novel avenues for diagnosing, preventing, and treating CVD, molecular genetics has made a substantial contribution to the field of molecular cardiology. Nonetheless, there are still a lot of obstacles to overcome from the standpoints of science and policy. These obstacles can be avoided using evidence-based procedures, clinical applications, biomarker-based detection techniques, comprehensive concepts, and understanding. Targeted therapies may be developed as a result of improved disease classification and a better knowledge of the individual differences in pathology. Cardiovascular disorders, like hypertension, angina, or ischemic heart, a condition of reduced blood flow to the heart, coronary artery disease or damaged blood vessels, myocardial infarction or resisted blood flow to the myocardium, and cardiac arrhythmia or irregular cardiac cycles are the primary targets for personalized cardiology. The current review discusses various parameters for personalizing the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"98-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematohidrosis: A Rare Case of Blood Sweating.","authors":"Neelam Singla, Aishwarya Rathod, Md Sadique Hussain, Kavita Goyal, Rangaswamy Roopashree, Pooja Bansal, Shivang Mishra, Prasad Garbham Venkata Siva, Haider Ali, Gaurav Gupta","doi":"10.2174/011871529X370285250323162851","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X370285250323162851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hematohidrosis is an extremely rare condition characterized by the spontaneous exudation of blood through intact skin, often linked to emotional stress and sympathetic nervous system activation. Due to its rarity, many aspects of its pathophysiology remain poorly understood. This case highlights the importance of considering hematohidrosis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained bleeding and emphasizes the role of psychological assessment in its management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 7-year-old girl from a low-income background presented with a two-month history of recurrent blood oozing from the sweat glands at her elbows, knee joints, and forehead. The episodes, lasting 5-10 minutes, were more frequent during periods of emotional distress. Physical examination revealed no signs of trauma, purpura, or underlying skin lesions. Routine laboratory investigations, including hemogram, platelet count, clotting time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time, were within normal limits. Microscopic analysis of the secreted fluid confirmed the presence of erythrocytes, supporting the diagnosis of hematohidrosis. Given the suspected psychogenic trigger, the patient was referred for psychiatric evaluation and stress management therapy, leading to a gradual reduction in symptom frequency over a four-month follow- up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case reinforces the multidisciplinary approach required for diagnosing and managing hematohidrosis, which lacks definitive diagnostic markers. Early psychological intervention is crucial in mitigating symptom severity, as evidenced by this patient's clinical improvement. Increased awareness of hematohidrosis among clinicians can prevent unnecessary invasive testing, facilitate timely recognition, and optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic Hematoma Revealing Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Case Report of Two Patients.","authors":"Arjun Kachhwaha, Avriti Baveja, Rahul Dev, Farhanul Huda, Uttam Kumar Nath","doi":"10.2174/011871529X365410250131120926","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X365410250131120926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common hematological malignancy where patients present with varied clinical symptoms and are usually diagnosed with incidentally detected elevated total leucocyte counts in hemogram. The presence of pelvic hematoma at the presentation of CML is an uncommon finding.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Two male young adults presented with massive splenomegaly and pelvic hematoma. On evaluation for anemia and leukocytosis with massive splenomegaly, diagnosis of CML chronic phase (CML-CP) was made on peripheral smear, bone marrow examination including cytogenetic study and molecular methods (peripheral blood quantitative BCR: ABL1 by real- time PCR). The first patient underwent aspiration of hematoma, and the second patient presented late where the hematoma organized into a solid mass and no intervention could be possible. A basic available coagulation study revealed no abnormalities and was managed with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Initial manifestation of CML with pelvic hematoma is uncommon and should undergo aspiration or drainage to avoid organization of hematoma and compressive symptoms locally.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"73-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tale of Triumph: Overcoming Challenges in Surgical ASD Closure for a Patient with Warm AIHA.","authors":"Nicodemus N Triatmojo, Valerinna Yogibuana Swastika Putri, Anna Fuji Rahimah, Gracelia Ruth Elizabeth Damanik, Koernia Kusuma Wardhana","doi":"10.2174/011871529X366103250311061025","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X366103250311061025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disorder in hematology, with an incidence of 1-3 per 100,000 per year. The current data available on open-heart procedures in patients with AIHA is limited. Despite presenting periprocedural challenges, multidisciplinary efforts enabled the successful performance of surgical atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in a patient with warm-reactive AIHA.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 56-year-old woman with a large elliptical ASD was planned for surgical closure. The patient has never received a blood transfusion or experienced any previous hematological issues. During the surgical preparation, the patient's immunoglobulin G Coombs test result was positive for the presence of immunoglobulin G. The patient was diagnosed with a remission state of warm AIHA. A challenge arose when surgical ASD closure needed a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which increased the risk of hemolysis. The patient also needed to be hypothermic to reduce metabolism, which may interact with the pathophysiology of AIHA. Several approaches were taken, and the procedure was conducted successfully without noteworthy obstacles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A successful surgical ASD closure was performed in a patient with complete remission of warm-reactive AIHA. Considering the different hemolytic mechanisms between CPB and AIHA, determining whether AIHA is cold or warm reactive is crucial for managing temperature in the heart-lung machine. Several approaches, such as utilizing a roller pump, a heparin-coated circuit, and administering steroids, can be implemented to prevent hemolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"139-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasorelaxant and Antihypertensive Effects of Extracts from the Leaves of <i>Casimiroa edulis</i> La Llave (Rutaceae) by NO Release and Calcium Channel Blockade.","authors":"Gabriela Perez-Barron, Samuel Estrada-Soto, Rafael Villalobos-Molina, Luis Arias-Duran, Jaime Escalante-Garcia, Irene Perea-Arango, Rogelio Hernandez-Pando","doi":"10.2174/011871529X346240250211090920","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X346240250211090920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Casimiroa edulis La Llave (Rutaceae), commonly known as \"zapote blanco\", is a tree widely distributed in Mexico's tropical and subtropical areas. The decoction of its leaves is traditionally used as a natural remedy to treat hypertension and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to determine the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of C. edulis extracts and evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of one of the most active extracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The hydro-alcohol and organic (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol) extracts, obtained from the leaves of C. edulis, were evaluated on isolated aorta rat rings in the presence and absence of endothelium to determine their vasorelaxant effect. Then, most active extracts were studied to evaluate the functional mechanism of their vasorelaxant action and antihypertensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The acute and sub-acute toxicity of dichloromethane extract was evaluated following the OECD 423 and 407 protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hexane (HE) and dichloromethane (DE) extracts from Casimiroa edulis induced significant vasorelaxant action on isolated rat aortic rings with (Emax 104.7 ± 1.4% and Emax 97.3 ± 6.7%, respectively) and without (Emax 94.9 ± 3.5% and Emax 67.4 ± 1.0%, respectively) endothelium, and this effect was partially endothelium-dependent. Their vasorelaxant action was modified by L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor); however, indomethacin did not modify the effect. Also, both HE and DE significantly decreased the contraction induced by KCl in a concentration-dependent manner and the maximal effect induced by CaCl2. Moreover, DE showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in SHR at 7 hours and 15 days after treatment, respectively. Finally, the toxicity test of DE allowed classifying it in category 5, indicating it to be a non-toxic extract based on OECD guideline 423; the LD50 value was estimated to be greater than 2,000 mg/Kg and smaller than 5,000 mg/Kg in Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated hexane and dichloromethane extracts to exert a vasorelaxant effect through endothelium-dependent NO release and cGMP increase, as well as by calcium channel blockade. Also, dichloromethane extract showed efficacy and security as a potential antihypertensive agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Challenges of Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, M-protein, and Skin Changes (POEMS) Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Kailash Kumar, Rohit Daga, Jitendra Singh, Nilesh Kumar, Anju Dinkar","doi":"10.2174/011871529X352283250305042317","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X352283250305042317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder associated with plasma cell dyscrasia and abnormal cytokine production, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The mandatory criterion for its diagnosis includes polyneuropathy and monoclonal plasma cell disorder, along with other major and minor criteria. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of POEMS syndrome by depicting the case of a 61-year-old male with progressive sensory-motor polyneuropathy, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient presented with a year-long history of bilateral limb weakness and sensory disturbances, accompanied by abdominal distention, weight loss, and other systemic symptoms. Clinical examination revealed skin hyperpigmentation, splenomegaly, and a right axillary lymph node enlargement. Neurological evaluation showed distal limb hypotonia, absent reflexes, and sensory deficits. Diagnostic investigations, including nerve conduction studies, imaging, and bone marrow biopsy, confirmed POEMS syndrome based on polyneuropathy, monoclonal IgG lambda plasma cells, Castleman disease, sclerotic bone lesions, elevated VEGF, and minor criteria, such as endocrinopathy and skin changes. The treatment comprised lenalidomide and dexamethasone, resulting in significant improvement at the three-month follow-up, including normalized VEGF levels and resolution of ascites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the necessity of identifying the many presentations of POEMS syndrome for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Despite its rarity and diagnostic complexity, prompt treatment can significantly improve clinical outcomes. POEMS syndrome should be considered in patients with unexplained neuropathy and systemic features, enabling better outcomes through targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"133-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Immunometabolic Landscape of Erythrophagocytosis-induced Ferroptosis.","authors":"Charalampos Papadopoulos","doi":"10.2174/011871529X370553250322095430","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X370553250322095430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erythrocytes constitute the main cell type of the blood, contain the majority of the iron in the body, and have a high turnover rate. Erythrocyte death and subsequent degradation lead to ferroptosis. In this context, modifications of the erythrocyte plasma membrane lipidome are instrumental to the phenomenon. Thus, phospholipase A2, phospholipase D, lysophospholipase D, sphingomyelinase, ceramidase, and sphingosine kinase acting together orchestrate a major membrane structural rearrangement, leading to phosphatidylserine exposure, reduced deformability, and band 3 clustering. Band 3 clustering may lead to antibody and complement opsonization, CD47 conformational change, and phosphatidylserine exposure. Meanwhile, arginine, glutamine, and adenosine metabolism modulate the anti-oxidant capacity of erythrocytes, thus impacting phosphatidylserine exposure and chemokine release. Metabolism-induced augmented erythrophagocytosis accompanied by insufficient upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and iron retention due to inflammatory signals lead to iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Neudesin, interleukin 33, interleukin 18, TNF-α, interleukin 6, prostaglandins, epinephrin, itaconate, and hepcidin influence the capacity of the macrophage to manipulate iron. BACH1, NRF2, and SPIC are the main transcription factors implicated in the regulation of the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and ferroportin. Insufficient adaptation of the metabolism of the cell to neutralize lipid peroxides leads to iron-dependent programmed lytic death, called ferroptosis. As a result of ferroptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns and lipid peroxides are released, activating the neighboring immune cells and triggering inflammation. Erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis has been recognized as a main mechanism eliciting the metabolism dysfunction associated with steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, uremia, and other pathogenic states. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the process could bring forward potential novel therapeutic targets. In this mini-review, the current literature is summarized with regard to the immunometabolic mechanisms that mediate erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning for Chromatin Regulators in Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosis.","authors":"Mei Zhao, Wanying Li, Simin Peng, Xiaocong Ma, Ding Wang, Jinghui Zheng","doi":"10.2174/011871529X352182250207062210","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X352182250207062210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the role of chromatin regulator-related genes (CRRGs) in coronary artery disease (CAD) and develop a diagnostic model for CAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We downloaded CAD datasets from the GEO database and utilized R software for machine learning, modeling, and classification of CAD based on CRRGs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The random forest model was found to be the best approach, identifying USP44, MOCS1, SSRP1, ZNF516, and SCML1 as the top contributing genes for CAD diagnosis and prevention. Differentially expressed CRRGs were associated with aberrant immune cell infiltration in CAD patients. CAD patients were classified into two subtypes based on the expression of differentially expressed CRRGs. The differential expression analysis identified MMP9, LCE1D, LOC92659, SYNGR4, EN2, CACNA1E, GPR78, and LOC92249 as differentially expressed genes distinguishing the two subtypes of CAD. Functional analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes are enriched in biological processes related to cellular functions, such as responses to metal ions and inorganic substances. The enriched pathways included inflammation and hormone-related pathways, such as IL-17 signaling, endocrine resistance, TNF signaling, and estrogen signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAD is associated with CRRGs, which may represent a new direction for CAD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"54-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}