Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Resveratrol on Menopausal Cardio-metabolic Changes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ali Amini, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Catherine Mt Sherwin, Shahrzad Habibi Ghahfarrokhi","doi":"10.2174/011871529X398468250910225946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X398468250910225946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Menopause is known as a stage in a woman's natural life cycle in which menstrual periods permanently stop with developing age. This review aims to review the modulating mechanistic effects of resveratrol (RSV) on cardiometabolic changes associated with menopause.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify published studies before January 12, 2025, a comprehensive search was conducted across various electronic databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Based on the study's objectives, two reviewers independently performed data extraction to ensure accuracy and reduce bias. The extracted data were subsequently reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSV has reductive effects on blood pressure, improves endothelial function, and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. It also decreases fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and adipocyte hypertrophy. Increased estradiol levels correlate with improved cerebrovascular function and enhanced neurovascular coupling. However, the effects on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and lipid metabolism are inconsistent; some studies reported reductions in fat volume and changes in thermogenesis-related gene expression. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increase. While RSV demonstrates potential benefits for vascular function and metabolic regulation, further research is necessary to determine its long-term efficacy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings align with existing evidence on RSV's vascular and metabolic benefits, underscoring its complementary therapeutic potential. Limitations, like bioavailability, differences in patient characteristics, and inconsistent lipid outcomes, call for standardized and long-term studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RSV, as a phytoestrogen, increases estrogen levels in the intervention groups. RSV shows potential effects in modulating the most studied menopausal cardio-metabolic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lepodisiran: Effects on Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adults with Elevated Lp(a).","authors":"Lakshmi Kattamuri, Kunal Sharma, Debabrata Mukherjee","doi":"10.2174/011871529X390148250908045359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X390148250908045359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traditional risk reduction strategies like diet, exercise, and existing lipid- lowering medications have minimal impact on Lp(a) levels. Recent therapies targeting Lp(a) at the level of mRNA transcription of apo(a) or binding of apo(a) to apoB-100 have demonstrated substantial reductions of Lp(a). Lepodisiran is a GalNAc-conjugated small interfering RNA (siRNA) developed to inhibit LPA transcription, reducing apo(a) synthesis and circulating Lp(a) levels. This is an updated review of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of Lepodisiran, as well as its effects on lipoprotein(a), with potential applications in treating patients with elevated cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using keywords such as \"Lepodisiran,\" \"small interfering RNA therapies,\" and \"lipoprotein(a)\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lepodisiran demonstrated a dose-dependent and sustained reduction in Lp(a) levels, achieving a maximum reduction of up to 97% at the highest dose in a Phase 1 trial. A Phase 2 placebo-controlled trial similarly showed robust and durable decline in Lp(a) with a favorable safety profile.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Lepodisiran is a promising therapy, with sustained Lp(a) reduction and good safety. Ongoing phase 3 trials are poised to provide robust data on its long-term safety, clinical efficacy, and impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lepodisiran demonstrates potent and sustained reductions in Lp(a) levels with a favorable safety profile, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for Lp(a)-mediated cardiovascular risk. Ongoing long-term outcome studies are essential to confirm its clinical benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Targets for Myocardial Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Emerging Approaches.","authors":"Ankita Wal, Anurag Rawat, Rakesh Verma, Azhar Rasheed, Uttam Prasad Panigrahy, Anwesha Das, Amin Gasmi","doi":"10.2174/011871529X365096250827101044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X365096250827101044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, surpassing other chronic illnesses. An alarming rise in CVD-related deaths, particularly among younger populations, has intensified research efforts to better understand the disease and its complications. Among these, myocardial fibrosis plays a central role in the development of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Given its multifactorial nature, diverse therapeutic strategies are required to manage its progression effectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Only peer-reviewed, English-language studies focusing on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for myocardial fibrosis were included. Irrelevant, non-English, and non-peer-reviewed sources were excluded. Data from selected preclinical and clinical investigations were qualitatively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Myocardial fibrosis arises from various pathological conditions, including ischemia, hyperlipidemia, and genetic disorders, which promote maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Although traditional treatments such as RAAS inhibitors and β-blockers offer symptomatic relief, they do not halt disease progression. Recent evidence suggests that multiple molecular pathways are involved in the development of fibrosis, opening opportunities to explore alternative therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Due to its complex pathophysiology, myocardial fibrosis cannot be addressed by monotherapy alone. Anti-TGF-β agents have emerged as promising candidates, alongside newer therapies like SGLT2 inhibitors and MMP inhibitors. Additionally, regenerative approaches, such as stem cell and gene therapy, offer future avenues, though technical and safety challenges accompany them.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Myocardial fibrosis remains a critical contributor to heart failure, and current treatments are insufficient to reverse its course. A multifaceted therapeutic approach targeting different molecular mechanisms holds the key to improved clinical outcomes. Continued translational research is crucial for advancing emerging therapies from bench to bedside.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Non-Promyelocytic Leukemia with Complex Karyotype and Novel t (15;17) (q21; p11.2)/B2M: RARA Fusion: A Case Report.","authors":"Arjun Kachhwaha, Shalini Singh, Neha Singh, Charu Bahl, Uttam Kumar Nath","doi":"10.2174/011871529X378359250812115026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X378359250812115026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The t(15;17)(q22;q21) is a well-known cytogenetic abnormality in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and has defined management and better outcomes compared to other acute myeloid leukemia subtypes. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(15;17)(q21;p11.2) cytogenetic abnormality and associated B2M::RARA molecular abnormality has not been previously reported.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient reported here was a 48-year-old female who presented with generalized weakness, with no lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. Further evaluation for pancytopenia revealed a diagnosis of AML confirmed by immunophenotyping using flow cytometry. Conventional karyotyping revealed a complex karyotype with the presence of 48, XX, add(1)(q44), +der(1), del(3)(q12q21), del(5)(q31), del(6)(q21), t(15;17)(q21;p11.2), +21[cp20]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for PML-RARA t(15;17)(q24;q21) were negative, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed TP53 mutation and B2M-RARA fusion. The patient was managed with a hypomethylating agent plus venetoclax (VEN) therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>t(15;17)(q21;p11.2) is a novel cytogenetic abnormality in AML, along with the B2M-RARA fusion, and warrants thorough evaluation to rule out APL.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYP2C19 Genetic Variants Associated with Clopidogrel Resistance and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Vietnamese Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.","authors":"Toan Nguyen Duy, Oanh Nguyen Oanh, Kien Nguyen Trung, Khoa Le Ha, Huyen Hoang Thi Kim, Huong Nguyen Thi Lien, Don Dao Van","doi":"10.2174/011871529X384209250812065418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X384209250812065418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of death, and clopidogrel resistance remains a major challenge in its treatment. This study aims to determine the impact of CYP2C19 genetic variants on clopidogrel resistance (CR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in Vietnamese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study, supplemented by a prospective longitudinal follow-up, on 113 ACS patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stent implantation at the Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital 103, from January 2015 to May 2018. We excluded patients with a decreased platelet count (< 100 × 10^9/L), a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (< 15 mL/min), ongoing bleeding, coagulation disorders, planned or recent surgery, or a coexisting malignancy. CR was defined as platelet aggregation ≥ 46%. The Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)-PCR was used to determine the CYP2C19 genotype and phenotype. Causes leading to patient readmission, such as angina, recurrent acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or death within 30 days, were recorded as MACEs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of CR was 29.9% (33/113 patients), and the incidence of MACEs was 15.9% (18/113 patients). The frequencies of CYP2C192 and CYP2C193 polymorphisms, as well as the PM CYP2C19 phenotype, were higher in the CR and MACE groups compared to those without these characteristics (p = 0.24, 0.006, and < 0.001, respectively). The PM CYP2C19 phenotype was predictive of 30-day MACEs in ACS patients undergoing PCI with stent implantation (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate a strong association between CYP2C19 PM phenotypes and increased risks of both clopidogrel resistance and 30-day MACEs in Vietnamese ACS patients undergoing PCI. These results underscore the clinical significance of CYP2C19 genotyping in optimizing antiplatelet therapy and enhancing outcomes in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PM CYP2C19 phenotypes were associated with an increased risk of CR and MACEs in Vietnamese patients undergoing PCI with stent implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Sacubitril-Valsartan versus Valsartan on Left Ventricular Remodeling and Cardiac Function in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mina Aghamirzadeh, Farzaneh Ahmadi, Fateme Jorfi, Nehzat Akiash, Somayeh Abbaspour, Seyed Mohammad Hassan Adel, Shooka Mohammadi","doi":"10.2174/011871529X402458250807080849","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X402458250807080849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL) is a combination medication primarily used to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the impacts of SAC/VAL compared with valsartan (VAL) on left ventricular (LV) remodeling, clinical outcomes, and cardiac function in patients with HFrEF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-blinded run-in phase and a double-blinded treatment phase were conducted at Imam Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) among 106 patients (SAC/VAL group: n=54; VAL group=52). Patients were randomly assigned to receive a combination of SAC/VAL (up-titrated to the target dosage of 200 mg, twice daily) or VAL (up-titrated to 160 mg, twice daily) for a six-month of intervention. Patients' clinical, demographic, and echocardiographic data were collected before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a six-month intervention, statistically significant mean differences were detected in various echocardiographic parameters (e.g., LV end-systolic volume, LV ejection fraction, and LV end-diastolic volume) within each group and between the two groups. Significant mean differences were noted in the six-minute walk test, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, sodium, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and scores of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy questionnaire in post-intervention assessments within each group and between the two groups (P <0.05). There was a substantial within-group difference in the frequency of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class from pre- to post-intervention (P <0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study revealed that SAC/VAL exhibited superior efficacy compared to VAL. However, the follow-up period was relatively short, and the potential risks associated with the prolonged administration of this medication have not been thoroughly evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This RCT indicated that the combination of SAC/VAL had better therapeutic effects than VAL on LV remodeling, clinical outcomes, and cardiac function in patients with ischemic HFrEF. These findings may help refine treatment priorities for patients with HFrEF and improve the quality of their care.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>IRCT20240117060713N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Watching vs. Performing Walking and Stair-climbing Exercises on Physiological Parameters in Healthy Males","authors":"Esther Oluwasola Aluko, Etinyene Israel Ekong, Amarachi Rita Okehi, Glory Ekanem-Daniel, Tamuno-Belema Benita Tarikoro, Ignatius Isaac Otuk","doi":"10.2174/011871529X381770250805122253","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X381770250805122253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exercise is widely recognized for its various physiological impacts. Furthermore, it has been postulated that watching people engage in physical activities like sports might trigger physiological reactions that mimic actual participation in the activity. This study investigated the effect of watching aerobic exercise videos (walking and stair climbing) versus physically engaging in the exercises on cardiovascular indices, blood glucose, body temperature, pulmonary indices, urine creatinine, and electrolyte levels in healthy male participants at the University of Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty participants, aged 18-25, were randomly assigned to the video group (n=10) and the exercise group (n=10). The video group watched exercise videos of walking and stair climbing, respectively. The exercise group performed walking and stair climbing exercises, respectively. Before the commencement of the experiment, the participants were given a 15-minute rest, after which their blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature, and blood glucose were measured. They were then given 600 mL of water and 15 g of glucose for hydration and energy. After 45 minutes, their cardiovascular indices, blood glucose, body temperature, pulmonary indices, and urine sample for assessment of urine electrolytes and creatinine levels were taken. After that, the video group watched a video of people engaged in walking exercise, while the exercise group walked for 15 minutes. After the first session, a 30-minute recuperation period was observed before the commencement of the second session (stair climbing). The same procedure was repeated in the second session. Blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, and body temperature were measured immediately after the first session, 15 and 30 minutes after the first session, immediately after the second session, and 15, and 30 minutes after the second session. Pulmonary indices and urine samples were taken immediately after the first session, 30 minutes after the first session, immediately after the second session, and 30 minutes after the second session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse rate; however, there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and pulmonary indices in the exercise group compared to the video group. Additionally, the exercise group showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level and an increase in urine potassium level during the 30-minute recuperation period compared to the video group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Watching sports was postulated to elicit similar responses as though someone were performing the sport; however, the findings of this study showed that the participants who watched exercise videos exhibited no significant change in blood pressure and pulse rate when compared with those who performed the exercises. The inab","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Lingual Bleeding and Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Young Adult with Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): A Rare Case Report and Brief Recent Update on Treatment.","authors":"Jitendra Singh, Anju Dinkar, Nilesh Kumar, Kailash Kumar, Ravi Ranjan, Isha Atam","doi":"10.2174/011871529X388139250801045459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X388139250801045459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune condition characterized by reduced platelet counts due to increased peripheral destruction and impaired platelet generation. An estimated incidence of ITP is 2 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals in the general population. While mucocutaneous bleeding is common, life-threatening complications, such as spontaneous lingual hematoma and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), are extremely rare. Rapid progression of lingual haematomas might compromise airway function and necessitate immediate medical intervention. It is well established that most patients with ITP respond to first-line therapy; however, severe bleeding events, such as intracerebral hemorrhage, occur in less than 1% of cases and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 21-year-old male with a 6-month history of chronic ITP and poor compliance with therapy presented with a 2-day history of progressive reddish discoloration and swelling of the tongue. The clinical examination revealed stable vital signs and a remarkable general and systemic evaluation. The relevant blood routine showed a critically low platelet count at 8×103/μL, with normal coagulation parameters. No other bleeding manifestations were noted. Four hours after admission, the patient developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures and altered sensorium. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed an ICH. He was managed with single- donor platelet transfusions, intravenous anti-epileptics, pulse corticosteroid therapy, eltrombopag, and supportive care. The patient demonstrated a favorable clinical response, characterized by a rising platelet count and resolution of symptoms. He was discharged in stable condition with counseling on therapy adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present case emphasizes the rarely yet life-threatening complication of inadequately managed ITP, such as spontaneous lingual hematoma and intracranial haemorrhage. It highlights the vital significance of therapy adherence and timely interdisciplinary intervention to avert disastrous consequences. Timely detection and intervention are crucial for positive outcomes in these intricate cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Semaglutide: A Step Forward in Cardiovascular Risk Management for Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Eder Luna Ceron, Lakshmi Kattamuri, Sparsha Reddy Duvvuru, Debabrata Mukherjee","doi":"10.2174/011871529X421551250801194823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X421551250801194823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have reshaped the therapeutic landscape of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), revealing that certain glucose-lowering agents, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), offer substantial cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control. Injectable GLP-1RAs, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, have been shown to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but barriers, including cost, access, and the burden of injections, persist. The SOUL trial marks a significant milestone by evaluating oral semaglutide in high-risk patients, demonstrating a 14% reduction in MACE versus placebo and reinforcing GLP-1RAs cardioprotective potential in an oral formulation. This advancement holds promise for patient populations underrepresented in prior trials. However, gastrointestinal side effects and strict dosing requirements challenge long-term adherence. While the findings suggest improved accessibility and real-world applicability, further comparative trials with injectables, extended follow-up, and cost-effectiveness studies are essential. As evidence evolves, oral GLP-1RAs may represent a more patient-centered approach to managing diabetes and cardiovascular risk. This perspective article aims to explore the implications of the SOUL trial, highlight ongoing challenges in adherence and implementation, and discuss the future role of oral GLP-1RAs in cardiovascular and diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated Review of Current Therapeutic Approaches for the Management of Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Devwati Puri, Bhupendra Verma, Harish Bhardwaj, Rajendra Kumar Jangde","doi":"10.2174/011871529X364941250627090838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X364941250627090838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell disease is a severe genetic blood disorder marked by the production of abnormal hemoglobin (HbS), leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow and cause various problems, such as the increased risk of infection, persistent anemia, acute pain episodes, and organ damage. Roughly 100,000 Americans suffer from SCD, with approximately 40,000 of them being children. Black people have the highest frequency of the disease. There are six Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, crizanlizumab- TMCA, voxelotor, Casgevy, and Lyfgenia, that are used for the prophylaxis and treatment of serious complications of sickle cell disease. Current treatment approaches focus on symptom management, including pain control, hydroxyurea to reduce pain crises, and transfusions for severe anemia. Based on the clinical trial results, L-glutamine and crizanlizumab-TMCA prevent cell damage and hemoglobin sickling by reducing the sickle cell crisis episodes. At the same time, voxelotor improves hemoglobin oxygen-binding capacity in patients with SCD. Novel therapies, such as gene therapy and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) technology, aim to correct the genetic defect. At the same time, stem cell and bone marrow transplants offer potential cures but are limited by the availability of donors and side effects. Ongoing research seeks to enhance treatment options and develop potential cures for SCD. This review attempts to present a comprehensive overview of the current therapeutic approaches and newly developed innovative medicines to combat and potentially eradicate SCD with an emphasis on their mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}