Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"IL 6 Cascade in Post COVID Cardiovascular Complications: A Review of Endothelial Injury and Clotting Pathways.","authors":"Ambika Binesh, Kaliyamurthi Venkatachalam","doi":"10.2174/011871529X371965250618060805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X371965250618060805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed various long-term cardiovascular complications linked to increased inflammatory responses, particularly through Interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity. IL-6 is a major cytokine in the immune system that plays a bimodal role: it supports acute immune defense but contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue damage when dysregulated. High levels of IL-6 during and after COVID-19 are linked with poor outcomes, such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombotic events. Chronic IL-6 signaling impairs vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and increased thrombosis. Viral and cytokine-driven inflammation leads to endothelial damage caused by COVID-19. These include mechanisms that implicate the downregulation of ACE2, oxidative stress, and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide. All these contribute to arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. It is possible to reduce the risk of heart disease by using targeted therapies, such as IL-6 inhibitors, which can help reduce inflammation. Biomarkers of endothelial health and inflammation include EPCs and CECs. Pharmacological strategies, such as RAS inhibitors and statins, may have additive effects on endothelial function, but ACE2 upregulation remains a major question. Rehabilitation and exercise-based approaches are further supportive of vascular recovery. When IL-6 activity stays high after an infection, it causes blood to clot too easily and cause thrombotic problems. This makes patients more likely to experience an ischemic stroke or pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulants and IL-6 inhibitors like tocilizumab reduce these risks. IL-6's long-term effects on the heart need to be studied more, and biomarker screening, lifestyle changes, and personalized therapies must be used to prevent heart disease as much as possible. A holistic management approach that integrates anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation strategies will significantly improve outcomes in survivors of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotective Activity of Oroxylin-A in Doxorubicin-induced Myocardial Toxicity: Antioxidant and In Vitro Studies on H9c2 Cells.","authors":"Nagaraju Bandaru, Naga Venkata Indira Devi Jajula, Dodda TulaseNadhreddy, Alla Narayana Rao, Nld Bhavani, Makarand Suresh Gambhire","doi":"10.2174/011871529X367923250609171115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X367923250609171115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oroxylin A is primarily sourced from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It can also be found in other Scutellaria species. The plant's rich bioactive profile makes it a significant source of various flavonoids, including Oroxylin A.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The proposed aim of this study is to investigate in-vitro anti-oxidant activity, toxicity studies and in-vitro cardioprotective activity of Oroxylin-A against Doxorubicin mediated myocardial damage on H9c2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The total phenolic content was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu test and in-vitro activity was performed using DPPH assay. Acute toxicity studies were performed according to OECD 423 guidelines. In vitro cardioprotective activity was performed on H9c2 cells and was estimated for the biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oroxylin-A showed good antioxidant activity. No abnormalities were found in animals upon its usage, indicating that Oroxylin-A was safe at 2000 mg/kg. 150ug/ml of Oroxylin-A significantly increased the cell viability up to 99% and also decreased the LDH and ROS generation indicating that Oroxylin-A showed significant cardioprotective activity on H9c2 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research underscores the potential of Oroxylin A as a candidate for further investigation as a cardioprotective agent. Also, the present study contributes to the growing body of knowledge aimed at identifying natural compounds that may offer protective effects against myocardial damage, providing hope for future therapeutic interventions in the field of cardiovascular medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic, Cytogenetic and Hematological Features in Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Patients under Eighteen Years Age Rreferred to Ali Asghar Hospital of Tehran, Iran, from 2013 to 2023.","authors":"Nafiseh Mortazavi, Aziz Eghbali, Omid Kiani Ghalesardi, Reza Afrisham, Reza Asadpouri, Zahra Salehi, Soudabeh Hosseini, Elahe Razmara Lak","doi":"10.2174/011871529X372625250606123726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X372625250606123726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a hematopoietic cancer of T or B lymphoblasts, is the most prevalent cancer in children. Ongoing research aims to better understand the factors contributing to ALL and create more successful treatment options. Therefore, the current study presented cytogenetic, genetic, and hematologic features from 318 ALL patients under eighteen years of age who were referred to Ali Asghar Hospital of Tehran, Iran, from 2013 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional analysis, focusing on 318 children in Tehran, Iran, who had been newly diagnosed with ALL. All data were extracted from the patient case files that included additional information, such as clinical data, and demographic information. The Flow cytometry technique was employed to perform immunophenotyping for various markers. Moreover, the standardized protocol was carried out for conventional cytogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 318, 179 (56.3%) and 139 (43.7%) were males and females, respectively. The most common subtype of ALL was Common B Cell ALL, accounting for 182 cases (57.23%), followed by Pre B cell ALL with 74 cases (23.27%) and T cell ALL with 27 cases (8.49%). Out of 222 patients, 17 (7.7%) had genetic abnormalities, with the highest incidence of abnormalities being associated with Runx 1 (four cases). Additionally, out of 228 patients, 143 (62.7%) were identified as having cytogenetic abnormalities, with the most prevalent abnormalities being hyperdiploidy (54 cases) and t (12;21) (28 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed that some cytogenetic abnormalities, such as t (9;22) and hyperdiploidy, were consistent with previous studies. These results offer valuable foundational insights that can help direct future research on ALL patients and inform potential treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization Trends and Outcomes of Alteplase in Acute Cerebral Ischemia among Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes: A Tertiary Care Experience from Southern Punjab.","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Mukhtar, Naila Tariq, Ayesha Mukhtar, Aimen Khalid, Amna Mukhtar, Rubina Mukhtar","doi":"10.2174/011871529X381588250612061045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X381588250612061045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus being its most prominent risk factors. This study aims to assess the utilization trends and clinical outcomes of Alteplase in patients presenting with acute cerebral ischemia and known history of hypertension and/or diabetes, within our local population in Southern Punjab, Pakistan-a region with limited stroke care infrastructure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 106 patients presenting with acute cerebral ischemia confirmed via CT scan and/or MRI were enrolled. All patients had a documented history of hypertension (n = 72), diabetes mellitus (n = 18), or both (n = 16). Patients who presented within 4.5 hours of symptom onset and met standard inclusion criteria were administered intravenous Alteplase as per AHA/ASA guidelines. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (received Alteplase, n = 44) and Group 2 (did not receive Alteplase, n = 62). Outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months post-intervention, with favorable recovery defined as mRS 0-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 44 patients who received Alteplase, 66% (n = 29) achieved favorable outcomes (mRS 0-2). In contrast, only 39% (n = 24) of the 62 patients in the non-Alteplase group had favorable recovery. No significant increase in hemorrhagic complications was observed in the Alteplase group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with acute cerebral ischemia and pre-existing hypertension or diabetes, the timely administration of Alteplase significantly improves functional outcomes. Despite its proven efficacy, access to thrombolytic therapy remains inadequate in public sector hospitals in Southern Punjab. Efforts must be made to expand stroke services and standardize acute stroke care across the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of PIM1/ASK1 Molecular Pathway Related Genes in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian, Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh Mirahmadi, Navid Farahmandian, Mohammad Pirhayati, Reza Azarbad, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi","doi":"10.2174/011871529X366280250526131550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X366280250526131550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injuries (MI/RI) are responsible for fatal cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial infarction may lead to ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Thereby, illustrating the MI/RI molecular basis could lead to the emergence of novel therapeutic options. PIM1/ASK1 (MAP3K5) pathway is well-known in renal ischemia/ reperfusion. PIM1 protein can promote autophagy after hypoxia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We selected the dataset GSE46224 from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for evaluation. This dataset was analyzed using tools such as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Gene- Codis, and BioGRID. Three groups of patients were selected from the dataset. ICM group (n=8), non-failing (NF) group (n=8), and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) group (n=8) evaluated for 15 genes expression levels. P-value <0.05 is statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>JAK1 showed significantly lower gene expression in the ICM group compared to the NF group (p-value = 0.012, difference = -6.24). ASK1 was also significantly down-regulated in the ICM group compared to the NF group (p-value =0.0159, difference = -1.478). In contrast, STAT5B and NF-κB were significantly up-regulated in the ICM group (STAT5B: p-value = 0.0238, difference = 2.388; NF-κB: p-value = 0.0158, difference = 1.11). The analysis of differences and the volcano plot confirmed these findings, highlighting key dysregulated genes in ICM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, ICM patients have altered ASK1 expression compared to NF individuals. The significant down-regulation of ASK1 and JAK1, along with the up-regulation of STAT5B and NF-κB, suggests that targeting ASK1 could be an important strategy to ameliorate ischemia-related cardiomyocyte damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Pietro Scicchitano","doi":"10.2174/011871529X413132250523074035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X413132250523074035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary and Urine Electrolyte Changes in Healthy Males Exposed to Two Distinct Anaerobic Exercises.","authors":"Esther Oluwasola Aluko, Mary Emmanuel Etim, Favour Jerome Azunobi, Ekpono-Abasi Ubong Robinson, Uku Etim Ekpenyong","doi":"10.2174/011871529X369260250512024353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X369260250512024353","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Anaerobic exercise, characterized by short bursts of high-intensity activity such as weightlifting, sprinting, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), has been documented to influence the body physiology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The study investigated the acute impact of weightlifting and rope jumping exercise sessions on blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, body temperature, pulmonary indices, and urine creatinine and electrolyte levels in healthy male subjects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty participants, aged 18-25, were randomly assigned to the control group (n=10) and the exercise group (n=10). The control group watched exercise videos of weightlifting and rope jumping, respectively. The anaerobic exercise group performed weightlifting and rope jumping exercise sessions, respectively. Before the commencement of the experiment, the participants were given a 15-minute rest, and their blood pressure, body temperature, and blood glucose were measured. Then they were given 600 mL of water and 15 g of glucose for hydration and energy. After 45 minutes, their cardiovascular indices, blood glucose, body temperature, pulmonary indices, and urine sample for assessment of urine electrolyte and creatinine levels were taken. After that, the control group watched a video of people engaged in weight lifting, and the exercise group lifted 6 kg dumbbells (3 kg per arm) for 15 minutes with a 20-second break period after every 2 minutes of performing the exercise or watching the video. After the first session, a 30- minute recuperation period was given before the commencement of the second session (rope jumping). The same procedure was repeated in the second session. Blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, and body temperature were measured immediately after the first session, 15, 30 minutes after the first session, immediately after the second session, 15, and 30 minutes after the second session. Pulmonary indices and urine samples were taken immediately after the first session, 30 minutes after the first session, immediately after the second session, and 30 minutes after the second session.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature; however, there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure, lung function parameters, or blood glucose in the exercise group compared to the control group. In addition, the exercise group showed a significant increase in urine sodium and potassium levels, as well as a significant decrease in urine creatinine level, at the end of the 30- minute recuperation period compared to the control group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study demonstrated that weightlifting and rope jumping exercise sessions significantly increased blood pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature, but had no significant effect on lung function and blood glucos","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranolazine: An Established Anti-Anginal Drug with Emerging Antidiabetic Potential Supported by Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.","authors":"Konstantinos N Tentolouris, Ioanna A Anastasiou, Iordanis Mourouzis, Costantinos Pantos, Nikolaos Tentolouris","doi":"10.2174/011871529X356362250324080014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X356362250324080014","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which is classified as a metabolic disease. DM is closely associated with various Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors, and poor glycemic control is known to elevate the risk of developing CVD. Ranolazine, a novel anti-anginal medication, has demonstrated cardioprotective effects, making it an important agent in the management of heart-related complications in diabetic patients. The mechanism underlying the anti-ischemic effect of ranolazine primarily involves the blockade of the cardiac isoform of voltage-gated Sodium Channels (NaChs), specifically Nav1.5. By inhibiting the late Sodium Current (INa, late), ranolazine helps stabilize cardiac function and reduce ischemic episodes. Recent large Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have shown that ranolazine significantly reduces levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), which is a critical marker for glycemic control. This dual action of ranolazine in improving both cardiac performance and glycemic control positions it as a valuable therapeutic option in the management of patients with DM and cardiovascular risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical research concerning ranolazine's potential as an antidiabetic agent. By examining existing studies, we explore the drug's mechanisms of action, its impact on glycemic control, and its role in managing DM-related cardiovascular complications. Through the available data, we highlight the emerging evidence supporting ranolazine's use beyond its traditional role as an anti-anginal medication, as well as its promising implications for DM management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using the terms ranolazine, DM, beta-cells, alpha cells, and preclinical and clinical trials, an EMBASE search for English language articles was conducted from 1979 to 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Ranolazine has demonstrated a well-tolerated glucometabolic action and positively regulates glucose levels in individuals with DM. A meta-analysis has revealed that ranolazine effectively improves HbA1c levels without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, offering significant advantages for patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and stable angina. In addition to its effects on glycemic control, ranolazine has been shown to lower both baseline and postprandial glucagon levels in preclinical trials. This reduction in glucagon is associated with a decrease in hyperglycemia, suggesting that the blockade of Sodium Channels (NaChs) is integral to the glucose-lowering effects of ranolazine. Overall, these findings support the potential of ranolazine as a beneficial treatment option for managing glucose levels in diabetic patients, particularly those with concurrent cardiovascular conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;A novel approach for treating T2DM could involve selective Nav1.3 block","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Immunometabolic Landscape of Erythrophagocytosis-induced Ferroptosis.","authors":"Charalampos Papadopoulos","doi":"10.2174/011871529X370553250322095430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X370553250322095430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erythrocytes constitute the main cell type of the blood, contain the majority of the iron in the body, and have a high turnover rate. Erythrocyte death and subsequent degradation lead to ferroptosis. In this context, modifications of the erythrocyte plasma membrane lipidome are instrumental to the phenomenon. Thus, phospholipase A2, phospholipase D, lysophospholipase D, sphingomyelinase, ceramidase, and sphingosine kinase acting together orchestrate a major membrane structural rearrangement, leading to phosphatidylserine exposure, reduced deformability, and band 3 clustering. Band 3 clustering may lead to antibody and complement opsonization, CD47 conformational change, and phosphatidylserine exposure. Meanwhile, arginine, glutamine, and adenosine metabolism modulate the anti-oxidant capacity of erythrocytes, thus impacting phosphatidylserine exposure and chemokine release. Metabolism-induced augmented erythrophagocytosis accompanied by insufficient upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and iron retention due to inflammatory signals lead to iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Neudesin, interleukin 33, interleukin 18, TNF-α, interleukin 6, prostaglandins, epinephrin, itaconate, and hepcidin influence the capacity of the macrophage to manipulate iron. BACH1, NRF2, and SPIC are the main transcription factors implicated in the regulation of the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and ferroportin. Insufficient adaptation of the metabolism of the cell to neutralize lipid peroxides leads to iron-dependent programmed lytic death, called ferroptosis. As a result of ferroptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns and lipid peroxides are released, activating the neighboring immune cells and triggering inflammation. Erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis has been recognized as a main mechanism eliciting the metabolism dysfunction associated with steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, uremia, and other pathogenic states. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the process could bring forward potential novel therapeutic targets. In this mini-review, the current literature is summarized with regard to the immunometabolic mechanisms that mediate erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematohidrosis: A Rare Case of Blood Sweating.","authors":"Neelam Singla, Aishwarya Rathod, Md Sadique Hussain, Kavita Goyal, R Roopashree, Pooja Bansal, Shivang Mishra, G V Siva Prasad, Haider Ali, Gaurav Gupta","doi":"10.2174/011871529X370285250323162851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529X370285250323162851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hematohidrosis is an extremely rare condition characterized by the spontaneous exudation of blood through intact skin, often linked to emotional stress and sympathetic nervous system activation. Due to its rarity, many aspects of its pathophysiology remain poorly understood. This case highlights the importance of considering hematohidrosis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained bleeding and emphasizes the role of psychological assessment in its management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 7-year-old girl from a low-income background presented with a two-month history of recurrent blood oozing from the sweat glands at her elbows, knee joints, and forehead. The episodes, lasting 5-10 minutes, were more frequent during periods of emotional distress. Physical examination revealed no signs of trauma, purpura, or underlying skin lesions. Routine laboratory investigations, including hemogram, platelet count, clotting time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time, were within normal limits. Microscopic analysis of the secreted fluid confirmed the presence of erythrocytes, supporting the diagnosis of hematohidrosis. Given the suspected psychogenic trigger, the patient was referred for psychiatric evaluation and stress management therapy, leading to a gradual reduction in symptom frequency over a four-month follow- up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case reinforces the multidisciplinary approach required for diagnosing and managing hematohidrosis, which lacks definitive diagnostic markers. Early psychological intervention is crucial in mitigating symptom severity, as evidenced by this patient's clinical improvement. Increased awareness of hematohidrosis among clinicians can prevent unnecessary invasive testing, facilitate timely recognition, and optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}