Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Misdiagnosed Isolated Ruptured Mycotic Mitral Valve Aneurysm as Mitral Annulus Calcification.","authors":"Sara Afshar, Mohsen Moohebati, Mehdi Kahrom, Kianmehr Rastgou, Mehrdad Hashemi, Vafa Baradaran Rahimi","doi":"10.2174/011871529X313367240722040919","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X313367240722040919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) is a slowly developing type of infective endocarditis. Aneurysm is more common in this type of endocarditis. Currently, SBE is an uncommon cause of unexplained fever (FUO) because rapid diagnostic capabilities, such as echocardiography, have improved. Despite echocardiography, endocarditis and valvular aneurysm were missed in our patient due to the location and special shape of the aneurysm near the annulus.</p><p><strong>Case representation: </strong>We present a case of SBE resulting in an isolated ruptured mycotic mitral valve aneurysm in a patient on dialysis. Mycotic mitral valve aneurysm is an uncommon and serious complication of infective endocarditis, particularly subacute endocarditis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In order to diagnose this complication, there should be clinical suspicion in the presence of severe regurgitation without any cause, and a detailed echocardiography should be performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"190-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Destiny of Bifurcation Lesions Treated with Biomatrix Alpha Stents.","authors":"Mahdi Zahedi, Mohammad Javad Najafi, Mina Sadeghi, Alireza Fatemi","doi":"10.2174/011871529X313209240708073302","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X313209240708073302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>About 15% of coronary artery interventions are performed on coronary artery bifurcation. Managing these lesions presents a significant therapeutic obstacle in the context of coronary artery issues. Addressing both immediate and lasting side effects of these lesions demands ongoing monitoring and action. The introduction of drug-eluting stents has raised hopes for better outcomes in patients experiencing cardiovascular events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we selected 51 patients (out of 850) who had received ≥1 cobalt-chromium, biodegradable polymer, Biolimus A9-eluting stent (CoCr-BP-BES) Biomatrix Alpha stent. Immediately after stenting, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow score in the coronary artery and its bypass branch, plaque shift, and lateral dissection immediately after angioplasty were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age for patients was 65 (±10.35) years, where 49.02% of them were male and 45.1% had diabetes. No lateral dissection and death were reported in any of the patients. Also, the TIMI flow grade was 3 for the main branch in all patients. Plaque shifts were compared at different degrees of the TIMI flow coronary artery bypass graft. A statistical study revealed a noteworthy distinction between the groups. There was no discernible change when gender, diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure with plaque changes were all controlled for.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We discovered that the Biomatrix Alpha stents' instant clinical results are admissible. Our findings confirm the clinical utility of the recently developed biolimus-eluting (BES) stent technology, which combines the BA-9 medication, a thin-strut CoCr stent platform, and a biodegradable polymer. This aligns with the existing body of research on the most recent generation of drug-eluting stents (DES).</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"184-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Review on the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Iqra Usman, Aamir Anwar, Shivang Shukla, Priya Pathak","doi":"10.2174/011871529X310857240607103028","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X310857240607103028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which stand as the primary contributors to illness and death on a global scale, include vital risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, to name a few. However, conventional cardiovascular risk factors offer only partial insight into the complexity of CVDs. Lately, a growing body of research has illuminated that the gut microbiome and its by-products are also of paramount importance in the initiation and progression of CVDs. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microorganisms, commonly known as gut microbiota, that metabolize nutrients, yielding substances like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and so on. Strategies aimed at addressing these microbes and their correlated biological pathways have shown promise in the management and diagnosis of CVDs. This review offers a comprehensive examination of how the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF), explores potential underlying mechanisms, and highlights emerging therapeutic prospects in this dynamic domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"13-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Factors, Occupational Hazards, and Seasonal Changes: Unveiling the Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Adel Khalifa Sultan Hamad","doi":"10.2174/011871529X335166241203183331","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X335166241203183331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the world, with a lifetime risk of 26% for men and 23% for women. AF is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia that is more common with increasing age. Globally, around 33.5 million people are estimated to have AF, which is anticipated to rise as the population ages. Although effective therapeutic methods exist, they are costly for the healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted across multiple databases, including Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar, as well as through manual searches of recognized publications and their bibliographies. Identifying modifiable risk factors for AF and implementing appropriate preventative measures may significantly improve public health and reduce healthcare costs. The development of AF has been reported to be associated with various causes, including electrical and structural changes in the atrial tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This article has reviewed how environmental factors, occupational hazards, and seasonal variability can affect AF. The incidence and prevalence of AF have been increasing, leading to a high lifetime risk for individuals. The available evidence indicates that seasonal variation, environmental factors, such as noise and air pollution, type of job, and altitude are all associated with an increased risk of developing AF. Although the exact mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, it is likely that a combination of factors, including changes in autonomic tone, inflammation, and oxidative stress, play a role.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review has highlighted the significance of assuming the role of environmental and occupational factors in the development of AF.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"228-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Fear of Eating Behaviour in Individuals with Diabetes: Exploring Therapeutic Interventions for Diabulimia.","authors":"Ankita Wal, Pankaj Kumar Sahu, Pranay Wal, Kaminee Sahu, Manish Ramesh Bhise, Devendra Singh Lodhi","doi":"10.2174/011871529X326042241031060350","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X326042241031060350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to comprehensively analyse the fear of eating behaviour in individuals with diabetes, known as diabulimia or ED-DMT1. The emotional and psychological factors contributing to disordered eating behaviours, their impact on diabetes management, and potential consequences on physical health are explored. Various therapeutic interventions, including cognitive-behavioural therapy and psychological support, the role of nutrition education, individualized treatment plans support groups in managing fear of eating behaviour in diabetes are examined and discussed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies, articles, and guidelines related to fear of eating behaviour in diabetes. The search included databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using appropriate keywords.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review highlights the emotional and psychological factors that contribute to the fear of eating behaviour in diabetes, including body image concerns, fear of weight gain, and disordered eating patterns. These behaviours can significantly impact diabetes management, leading to poor glycaemic control, increased risk of complications, and reduced overall well-being. Various therapeutic interventions, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy and mindfulness-based interventions, have shown promise in addressing the fear of eating behaviour.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multidisciplinary strategy combining healthcare specialists specializing in diabetes management, mental health, and nutrition is required for effective therapy of fear of eating behaviour in diabetes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapies, as well as psychological support, have shown potential in reducing the fear of eating habits. This analysis gives significant information for healthcare providers to help patients with diabetes who are afraid of eating and urges additional research on the topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"218-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Thymus atlanticus</i> (Ball) Roussine Aqueous Extract Exerts Lipid-lowering and Anti-atherosclerotic Effects in Hyperlipidemic Guinea Pigs.","authors":"Hamza Elbouny, Brahim Ouahzizi, Oussama Bekkouch, Amal Bennani, Souliman Amrani, Mhamed Ramchoun, Khalid Sellam, Chakib Alem","doi":"10.2174/011871529X270863231123063744","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X270863231123063744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thymus atlanticus (Ball) Roussine (T. atlanticus) is traditionally used in the Moroccan high Atlas Mountains to treat several disorders, including cardiovascular disease. In the present study, the lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic activities of the traditionally used aqueous extract of T. atlanticus were evaluated on guinea pigs subjected to chronic hyperlipidemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Animals were given a diet containing 2% cholesterol and 20% lard for 12 weeks. Moreover, thyme extract was given daily at 400 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, lipid levels and paraoxonase arylesterase activity were measured, and aorta histology was studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that there was an important elevation of blood lipids in the HFD group along with a significant decrease in paraoxonase arylesterase activity (-40.06%). Moreover, the consumption of fat altered the histology of aorta by thickening the intima media and forming atherosclerotic lesions and foam cells in these tissues. However, the administration of thyme extract attenuated HFD-caused alterations by decreasing blood lipids, elevating paraoxonase activity (+24.04%), and limiting the progression of atherosclerotic lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that the supplementation with the aqueous extract of T. atlanticus could potentially protect against hyperlipidemia and consequently, the development of atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"256-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralization and Virtualization of INR-based Anticoagulation Control During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Abdulrahman Almesned, Abdullah Alqwaee, Bayan Abusiryeh, Ahmad Almeman","doi":"10.2174/011871529X242935231026105854","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X242935231026105854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness of the decentralization and virtualization of anticoagulation clinics just before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cohort study investigation at Prince Sultan Cardiac Clinics PSCC Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. To evaluate the effectiveness of the virtual coagulation clinic, we calculated the time in therapeutic range (TTR), Morisky score for adherence, and satisfaction. Demographics of the patients were analyzed to group patients based on their regions or districts to facilitate the visits. Thirteen different PHCs/Hospitals were allocated for decentralization based on patient density in that region. Intensive courses were provided for all general practitioners (GPs) regarding warfarin anticoagulation and point of care testing (POCT) using iSTAT. All appointments were scheduled by WhatsApp, with no more actual visits to the main center.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the included participants (n = 5616), 61.1% were females, 38.9% were males, and the mean age was 60.5 (18-85) years. The total number of clinic visits was 7303 per month, with an average of 1.3 visits per patient. Approximately 95% of the participants had a valvular indication to receive anticoagulation; of them, 55% underwent mitral valve replacement. Moreover, after the virtualization of the INR clinic, keeping INR levels within a therapeutic range was reported in 80% of patients. Regarding patient satisfaction, 90% of the total population was satisfied by the new experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Decentralization and virtualization of the INR clinic have similar TTR results if conducted properly.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"177-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Frequency of COVID-19 in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).","authors":"Mahdi Zahedi, Faezeh Davanloo","doi":"10.2174/011871529X261360231103075012","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X261360231103075012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global health crisis with significant morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of COVID-19 in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for myocardial infarction and identify associated demographic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional design was used to examine all patients (a total of 85) who experienced acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study measured various parameters, such as COVID-19 status, age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, and hypertension. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 85 patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for myocardial infarction (MI), 14 patients (16.5%) were found to have COVID-19. COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed through RT-PCR testing for 2 patients, while the remaining 12 patients were diagnosed using lung CT scans. Among the COVID-19 patients, 21.4% (n = 3) had background diabetes, and 7.1% (n = 1) had background hypertension. MI recurrence was observed in 14.3% of COVID-19 patients (2 cases). Unfortunately, 1 COVID-19 patient, a 70- year-old Persian woman with diabetes and hypertension, passed away. No significant differences were found in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, underlying diabetes, or underlying hypertension between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high occurrence of COVID-19 among myocardial infarction (MI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is worth noting. Further investigation is recommended to explore the impact of demographic and contextual factors on the severity and outcomes of primary PCI in MI patients with COVID-19, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"183-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massive Splenomegaly with Pancytopenia in an Adult: Gaucher's Disease.","authors":"Farid Alam, Jitendra Singh, Nilesh Kumar, Kailash Kumar, Anju Dinkar","doi":"10.2174/011871529X253966230922110202","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X253966230922110202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gaucher's disease (GD) is a rare lysosomal storage disease. It is characterized by the deposition of glucocerebroside in cells of the macrophage-monocyte system. GD presents a broad clinical expression, including hematologic abnormalities (such as pancytopenia), massive hepatosplenomegaly, diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease, renal involvement in the form of nephropathy and glomerulonephritis, skeletal involvement in the form of bone pain, bony infarct, osteopenia, and pathological fracture. Based on the presence or absence of neurologic involvement, it is differentiated into type 1, type 2, and type 3. Gaucher's disease type 1 is the most common form, having the nonneuropathic form and carrying autosomal recessive traits. Gaucher's disease affects all racial and ethnic groups, while type 1 GD is most prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 20-year-old female was admitted to the medicine department with complaints of generalized weakness and easy fatigability, menorrhagia, and a dragging sensation in the abdomen. On clinical evaluation, she had bone marrow failure syndrome features along with massive splenomegaly. Later, she was confirmed with Gaucher disease type 1 disease by clinical and investigation (low β-glucosidase level) evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case emphasizes keeping a differential diagnosis of glycogen storage disorder while evaluating a case of unexplained pancytopenia with massive splenomegaly in adulthood for an extended period. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy are the mainstay therapeutic options for GD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"136-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Chest Trauma Patients with COVID-19 Infection Undergoing Emergency Surgeries.","authors":"Mojtaba Ahmadinejad, Ali Soltanian, Haleh Pak, Maryam Zolfaghari, Izadmehr Ahmadinejad","doi":"10.2174/011871529X240444230926092510","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011871529X240444230926092510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with chest trauma who were infected with COVID-19 and underwent emergency surgery.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this research investigates the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chest trauma who underwent emergency surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 56 patients with chest trauma in two groups with COVID-19, and no covid who underwent surgery in Shahid Madani Hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the trauma patients, 21 were infected with COVID-19, and 35 were not. The predominant causes of trauma were car and motorcycle accidents. Among COVID-19 patients, 3.3% exhibited symptoms of fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, and gastrointestinal symptoms, while 5.9% had severe lung involvement confirmed by CT scan. Following surgery, 1.57% (12 individuals) of COVID-19 patients were transferred to the ICU, with an average hospitalization duration of 1.11 days. In contrast, the average hospitalization duration for non-COVID-19 chest trauma patients was 1.9 days (p =0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with chest trauma who underwent surgery and were infected with COVID-19 demonstrated significant differences in average length of stay, ICU admissions, and pneumonia incidence. However, there was no significant distinction in the mortality rate between the two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":93925,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54232782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}