Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire最新文献

{"title":"Management of Ontario swine herd size to optimize abattoir capacity constraints and current consumption of pork in Ontario, Canada using dynamic simulation experiments.","authors":"Maggie Henry, Wade McDonald, Robert M Friendship, Amy L Greer, Zvonimir Poljak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine production in Ontario, Canada relies on national and international borders remaining open to both live pigs and pork. The established practice is to export live pigs and surplus pork, as the number of pigs destined for processing and the quantity of pork produced in Ontario exceeds the current abattoir capacities and consumer demand in the province. In the event of a foreign animal disease (FAD) incursion resulting in processing disruptions, borders may close to Ontario's pigs and pork products. The swine industry would then have to make changes to accommodate the resources available and the projected demand in the province. The objective of this study was to create a tool based on discrete event simulation to include swine reduction strategies in a risk-free environment. This tool was then used to investigate a subset of possible mitigation scenarios for reducing the size of swine herds and assessing the number of target animals and pork production capacities, based on known estimates of pork consumption in Ontario. Strategies to decrease the swine herd to meet target values were explored and the amount of surplus pork, surplus market hogs, and the time to reach the target numbers were recorded. Simulated data were analyzed in <i>R</i> and it was determined that simultaneous mitigation at all stages of production (including the sow farm) was the most efficient method of reducing the provincial herd, resulting in the lowest amount of surplus market hogs. Even though it was determined that weeks to months were necessary, using assumed resources, to achieve a self-supporting provincial pig industry that does not rely on imports or exports, the software in this study could be used to run hypothetical scenarios in order to prepare for any crisis in the Ontario swine sector and for planning purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 2","pages":"64-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of gallbladder rupture and death in small-breed dogs with concurrent hypothyroidism or pancreatitis undergoing cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucoceles.","authors":"Kalil Jana-Pitre, Geoffrey S Hennig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objectives of this multicenter, retrospective study were to: i) describe the incidence of gallbladder (GB) rupture in small-breed dogs affected by gallbladder mucoceles (GBM) and common endocrinopathies; and ii) determine if certain endocrinopathies were risk factors for GB rupture as they have been for the development of GBM. A total of 371 dogs were included in the study. Medical records from private specialty hospitals were reviewed for small-breed dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for GBM. Forty-seven of 193 dogs (24.4%) with endocrinopathies were diagnosed with GB rupture. Mortality due to GB rupture was 23.9%. Dogs with GB rupture were 3.2 times more likely to die than dogs without rupture (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Dogs with overall concurrent endocrinopathies, hypothyroidism, and pancreatitis were 2.5, 4.1, and 2.6 times (<i>P</i> = 0.001, 0.001, 0.002) more likely to develop a GB rupture and 2.6, 4.4, and 2.8 times (<i>P</i> = 0.008, 0.013, 0.011) more likely to die than dogs without concurrent endocrinopathies. Dogs with hyperadrenocorticism were not associated with a higher risk of GB rupture (<i>P</i> = 0.114) or death (<i>P</i> = 0.321). It was concluded that elective cholecystectomy should be considered in dogs with GBM and concurrent endocrinopathies, especially hypothyroidism and pancreatitis, to lower the risk of gallbladder rupture and death.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 2","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of <i>Mycoplasma (Mesomycoplasma) ovipneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica</i>, and <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> in pneumonic lungs from sheep slaughtered at 3 abattoirs in New South Wales, Australia.","authors":"Joan B Lloyd","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory disease is common in sheep worldwide. The objective of this study was to use real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on bronchial swabs collected from sheep lungs with gross pathological signs of ovine respiratory complex (ORC) at abattoirs in southeastern Australia to detect 3 common bacterial ovine respiratory pathogens <i>[Mycoplasma (Mesomycoplasma) ovipneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica</i>, and <i>Pasteurella multocida]. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae</i> was the most detected (35% of samples), followed by <i>M. haemolytica</i> (14.9% of samples), and <i>P. multocida</i> (8.1% of samples). The most common combination of infections was <i>M. ovipneumoniae</i> plus <i>M. haemolytica</i> (48 samples, 14.7% of positive samples), followed by <i>M. ovipneumoniae</i> plus <i>P. multocida</i> (21 samples, 6.4% of positive samples), and <i>M. haemolytica</i> plus <i>P. multocida</i> (19 samples, 5.8% of positive samples). There was a weak positive correlation between samples positive for <i>M. ovipneumoniae</i> and samples positive for <i>M. haemolytica</i> (<i>r</i> = 0.14, <i>P</i> = 0.002), a weak positive correlation between samples positive for <i>M. ovipneumoniae</i> and samples positive for <i>P. multocida</i> (<i>r</i> = 0.08, <i>P</i> = 0.002), and a weak-to-moderate positive correlation between samples positive for <i>M. haemolytica</i> and samples positive for <i>P. multocida</i> (<i>r</i> = 0.25, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Further research is needed on management options for ORC in Australian sheep farmed in extensive grazing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 2","pages":"83-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic modeling of the horse population and vaccination data indicates low annual vaccination coverage for West Nile virus in Canada (2016-2020).","authors":"Antoine Levasseur, Julie Paré, Pascale Aubry, Stefan Iwasawa, Doris Leung, Julie Arsenault","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination is the most efficient tool for preventing West Nile virus (WNV) disease in horses. The objectives of this retrospective study were to: i) estimate the provincial and national horse population in Canada; ii) estimate the annual vaccination coverage for WNV in each province; and iii) compare estimates of provincial annual vaccination coverage. Horse population data (2006-2023) and the number of vaccine doses sold in Canada (2016-2020) were obtained by province. Based on these data and expert consultations, the annual number of vaccine doses administered, and provincial horse populations were modeled at the provincial level using Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) distributions, whereas the probability of primary vaccination in vaccinated horses was modeled with a uniform distribution. The annual number of horses vaccinated was estimated using a binomial distribution. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate provincial annual vaccination coverage with 95% credible intervals (CI). National horse population and vaccination coverage were estimated by summing the provincial estimates. The national horse population in Canada (2016-2020) was estimated at 795 420 horses, with a vaccination coverage of 16% (95% CI: 13 to 20%). The vaccination coverage estimates for WNV ranged from 10% (95% CI: 6 to 20%) in the Atlantic provinces to 35% (95% CI: 22 to 53%) in Manitoba. The coverage was significantly higher (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01) in Manitoba than in the Atlantic provinces, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. The study revealed low annual WNV vaccination coverage across Canada, emphasizing the need to promote vaccination and collect more comprehensive data on horse population, as uncertainties in these data drive the uncertainty in vaccination coverage based on model sensitivity analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 2","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friction knot terminology is inconsistent in veterinary surgery.","authors":"J Coleman Wahlborg, Brianna L Grandprey, Stephanie L Shaver, Erik H Hofmeister","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to determine the nomenclature for friction knots commonly used by veterinary surgeons. Veterinary surgeons certified by the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) or the European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS) were recruited through email listings available on the websites of veterinary schools and the ACVS to participate in a survey on this subject. Participation was also solicited through the ACVS Facebook page, the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery, and the Veterinary Orthopedic Society. The survey included questions about 4 knot-tying videos. Complete responses were received from 160 veterinary surgeons. Familiarity with the knots ranged from 26% (constrictor knot) to 54% (miller's knot). The modified miller's knot and the miller's knot were correctly named by a majority of surgeons (61% and 63%, respectively). There was no consensus for the constrictor knot, with the greatest number of respondents identifying it as the constrictor knot (38%) or the miller's knot (31%). There was also no consensus for the strangle knot, with respondents split among identifying it as the miller's knot (39%), modified miller's knot (34%), or strangle knot (21%). There is apparent disagreement on the names of surgical friction knots among veterinary surgeons. Many participants indicated that they were not familiar with the knots demonstrated in the videos. Inconsistent terminology may impede educational efforts and hinder clear communication about types of knots.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 1","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary report: Protective effects of probiotics on cefovecin-induced gut dysbiosis in dogs.","authors":"Dae-Woong Han, Jung-Hun Kang, Seung-Hyun Mun, Sung-Jae Kim, Yo-Han Kim, Cheol-Yong Hwang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate whether supplementation with probiotics over a 2-week period stabilizes the gut microbiota in dogs following prolonged cefovecin treatment. A significant number of clinical veterinarians prescribe oral probiotics to dogs in conjunction with systemic antibiotics with the intention of protecting against gut dysbiosis. The effects of antibiotics and probiotics in dogs have not been extensively studied, however, and the optimal treatment for gut dysbiosis remains uncertain. To investigate the impact of cefovecin and probiotics on the gut microbiota, 12 healthy companion dogs that underwent surgical castration were included in the study. The dogs were administered cefovecin immediately after surgery. Of the 12 dogs, 7 dogs were supplemented with oral probiotics for 2 wk after cefovecin treatment (probiotic group), whereas the other 5 dogs were not supplemented with probiotics (non-probiotic group). Fecal samples were collected from each dog before and 2 wk after cefovecin treatment and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina platform. We noted that cefovecin induced changes in bacterial diversity of the gut microbiota, with the Shannon index values of the non-probiotic group decreasing significantly, whereas those of the probiotic group remained stable (<i>P</i> = 0.025). Our findings suggest that supplementation with oral probiotics is recommended for preventing cefovecin-induced gut dysbiosis in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 1","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prebiotic potential of lactobin and glucans combined with goat's milk in cats.","authors":"Bing Han, Jintao Sun, Xinshu Gu, Jinquan Wang, Xiumin Wang, Hui Tao, Zhenlong Wang, Jie Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prebiotics are important for gut health and immunity in animals and could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of lactobin and glucans when combined with goat's milk in the diet of cats. Twenty-four healthy cats (all about 2 y old) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups. Group A was the control untreated group, Group B received supplementation with 30 mL of goat's milk plus 20 mg of bovine colostrum, and Groups C and D were given 30 mL of goat's milk plus 20 mg of beta-glucan from different companies. On day 28, samples of blood and feces were collected for the evaluation of serum biochemistry, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and microbiota in the feces. It was discovered that β-glucan significantly increased the level of SIgA in blood (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and the relative abundance of <i>Bacteroides</i> was greatly increased at the genus level (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of total bile acids in cats in Group D was higher than that in the other treatment groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05), whereas there was no significant variation in other blood parameters among the different groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). This suggests that β-glucan and lactobin has potential prebiotic properties in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 1","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of nasal swabs and handmade foam cubes for detecting equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).","authors":"Anna Charbonnel, Jean-Pierre Lavoie, Tristan Juette, Valérie Grenier St-Sauveur, Serge Denis, Carl A Gagnon, Mathilde Leclère","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The control of equine respiratory infections is a biosecurity challenge. Respiratory viruses are often rapidly detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on nasal swabs. In the past, some laboratories developed handmade techniques to increase the amount of nasal secretions collected, without comparing them with nasal swabs when qPCR replaced the use of viral culture. The objectives of this study were to compare nasal swabs and handmade foam cubes for i) the detection of a common equine herpesvirus (EHV-5) by qPCR, and ii) their tolerability. Forty-five polyester swabs and foam cubes were used to sample 9 horses 5 times. These were then analyzed by qPCR for EHV-5. Agreement of qPCR results (positive, suspect, negative) was assessed using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and the avoidance scores were compared using a proportional odds mixed model. The ICC showed moderate agreement (0.61, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Twenty-seven percent of the samples were positive or suspect with either swabs or foam cubes, whereas 18% were strictly positive with swabs and 11% with foam cubes. Avoidance scores were not statistically different. Both methods have an acceptable agreement. Handmade foam cubes did not provide additional diagnostic value compared to polyester swabs, which is the method presently recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of sentinel lymph node mapping patterns before and after surgical excision of mast cell tumors in dogs using indirect lymphography: A prospective clinical study.","authors":"Corinne L Buirkle, Katelyn C Hlusko, Robert C Cole, Noelle Bergman, D Michael Tillson, Gregory Almond, Brad M Matz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has been shown to be important for staging in dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs). Despite this, many patients are referred to an oncologist after surgical intervention has been carried out. It is unknown whether lymphatic drainage patterns are altered by surgery and whether postoperative SLN mapping can be reliably conducted. The objective of this study was to compare lymphatic drainage patterns from MCT sites before and after surgical removal to determine whether the SLN changes following tumor excision. Twenty-nine client-owned dogs with 31 cytologically diagnosed MCTs were prospectively enrolled, with 14 dogs (N = 15 MCTs) completing the study. Preoperative SLN mapping was conducted using radiographic indirect lymphography (IL). Water-soluble iodinated contrast (WIC) medium was injected peritumorally using a 4-quadrant technique and digital radiography was then used to assess lymphatic drainage patterns. Orthogonal projections were obtained every 1 to 2 min until the SLN was visualized, up to 20 min post-injection. Dogs were re-evaluated 2 to 5 wk postoperatively and radiographic IL was carried out again using the same protocol as previously described with WIC injected around the surgical scar line in a 4-quadrant technique. An SLN was identified for 15 MCTs in 14 dogs preoperatively and in 13/15 MCTs postoperatively. Sixteen dogs with 16 MCTs did not have postoperative lymphography and did not complete the study. Agreement between preoperative and postoperative SLNs was a complete match in 7/15 MCTs, a partial match in 5/15 MCTs, and no match in 3/15 MCTs. A negative IL study was obtained in 2/15 MCTs postoperatively. Complete agreement between preoperative and postoperative SLN identification was detected in 46.7% of cases and there was no agreement in 20% of cases. Surgical intervention did not change the time to SLN identification when carrying out radiographic IL. Thus, surgical removal of MCTs affects lymphatic drainage and can alter the SLN(s) detected. Clinicians should be aware of this finding and interpret results of postoperative lymph node staging with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment of reviewers/translators.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93919,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire","volume":"89 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}