Biomaterials research最新文献

{"title":"Spectral Computed Tomography Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Neodymium-Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles.","authors":"Xin Zhu, Wenqian Ru, Lin Luo, Liu Zhao, Didi Gu, Xi Deng, Yihan Wang, Pengyi Huang, Qiuyu Meng, Chunmei Yang, Lu Yang","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0301","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection and nonintrusive assessment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain an unmet clinical challenge. Spectral computed tomography (CT) presents a potential modality for gastrointestinal (GI) imaging; however, clinical CT contrast agents are unable to achieve targeted detection of IBD in spectral CT imaging. In this study, we developed neodymium-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (Nd-HA NPs) as novel contrast agents for spectral CT imaging of IBD. Nd-HA NPs were synthesized by conjugating HA units with lanthanide complex neodymium-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (Nd-DTPA). The physical properties, biotoxicity, and CT imaging ability of Nd-HA NPs were systematically evaluated in vitro. Subsequently, the applicability of Nd-HA NPs for GI tract imaging was assessed in both healthy and colitis mouse models. Nd-HA NPs exhibited excellent stability, biocompatibility, and potent x-ray attenuation property in vitro as novel spectral CT contrast agents. Attributed to HA's high affinity for cluster of differentiation 44 receptor, which is abundantly expressed at inflammatory sites, Nd-HA NPs successfully achieved targeted spectral CT imaging of IBD, and showed greater accumulation in the lesions of colitis mice compared with the clinical contrast agent iohexol. More importantly, after oral administration of Nd-HA NPs, the CT values of GI tract in healthy mice, 2.5% DSS-induced mice (moderate colitis), and 5% DSS-induced mice (severe colitis) were 90.19, 140.99, and 264.07 HU, respectively, with statistically significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.001). These results indicated that Nd-HA NPs had the potential to realize severity assessment of IBD in spectral CT imaging, which was further confirmed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analysis and histopathological evaluation. The study suggested that Nd-HA NPs could serve as effective spectral CT contrast agents, enabling noninvasive early detection and severity assessment of IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0301"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13014110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147523014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autotaxin-Scavenging Nanoliposomes for Prolonged Colon Retention and Autophagy-Mediated Mucosal Immune Restoration in Colitis.","authors":"So Won Jeon, Jun Kwon, Hee Gyeong Ko, Jong Sang Yoon, Hee Su Sohn, Jeong-Kee Yoon, Suk Ho Bhang, Min-Ho Kang, Han Young Kim","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0345","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disorder driven by overactivation of autotaxin (ATX), which elevates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling and suppresses autophagy, exacerbating intestinal inflammation. Given the pivotal role of autophagy in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, inhibiting ATX offers a dual therapeutic mechanism by both restoring autophagic activity and attenuating LPA-mediated inflammatory responses. Current treatments are hindered by nonspecific immunosuppression and frequent systemic side effects, underscoring the need for targeted, multifunctional therapeutic strategies. Here, we present a dual-functional nanotherapeutic platform, ATX-scavenging liposomes loaded with rapamycin (AS-Lipo@R), engineered for the oral treatment of acute colitis. Our proposed formulation incorporates BMP-22, a lipid ATX inhibitor that simultaneously functions as a structural building block of the liposomal membrane. Rapamycin, an autophagy activator, is encapsulated within the bilayer of liposomes. We confirmed that AS-Lipo@R exhibits strong binding affinity to extracellular ATX and mediates its lysosomal degradation upon cellular internalization, thereby demonstrating its ATX-scavenging property. In vitro, AS-Lipo@R inhibited inflammatory macrophage activation, promoted M2 macrophage polarization, and substantially restored autophagic activity in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages. In vivo, oral administration of AS-Lipo@R led to preferential accumulation in ATX-overexpressing inflamed colonic tissue, resulting in reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recovered autophagy, and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity in colitis mice. These findings highlight AS-Lipo@R as a synergistic and targeted nanomedicine that simultaneously modulates ATX and autophagy pathways, offering novel insights into immunomodulatory strategies for IBD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0345"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13000114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147501152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intradermal Delivery of Catalase via Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Photoaging Therapy.","authors":"Pengchen Zhang, Bo Pan, Jiayi Chen, Hao Jiang, Xinhe Wang, Yiyou Chen, Wei Wang, Ming Li, Qingyu Zeng, Zhaogang Yang","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0329","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The therapeutic potential of protein-based drugs is often limited by challenges in delivery, including instability, rapid degradation, and poor tissue targeting. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as naturally derived nanocarriers, offer distinct advantages including biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and efficient intercellular communication. Here, we engineered a 313 cell line to stably produce catalase (CAT)-loaded EVs (313EVs) that maintained vesicle integrity, exhibited high loading efficiency, and preserved enzymatic activity. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that genetic engineering subtly reshaped EV microRNA cargo, enriching 313EVs in pathways associated with EV uptake, mitochondrial membrane recovery, and DNA repair-supporting their multifaceted roles in mitigating photoaging. Functionally, 313EVs alleviated oxidative stress and restored antioxidant capacity in UVB-damaged fibroblasts. In vivo, intradermal administration resulted in sustained CAT activity, uniform dermal distribution, and marked improvements in wrinkle formation, collagen preservation, and skin elasticity. Notably, depletion of the skin microbiota did not alter therapeutic efficacy, indicating that the therapeutic benefits of 313EVs arise primarily from vesicle-intrinsic mechanisms rather than host-microbe interactions. Collectively, these findings establish 313EVs as a robust and versatile protein-delivery platform and highlight their therapeutic potential for combating oxidative stress-driven skin aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0329"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12996640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Boost β-Cell Functionality in Human Pancreatic Islets.","authors":"Sarah Boucenna, Antoine Karoichan, Michael Yilma Yitayew, John V L Nguyen, Maryam Tabrizian","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0346","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging therapeutic tools in nanomedicine, yet their effects in 2-dimensional (2D) versus 3D diabetes models remain underexplored. Unlike synthetic nanoparticles, EVs' cellular origin, innate bioactivity, and biological cargo make them attractive candidates for disease treatment. This study investigated whether β-cell-derived EVs enhance β-cell function, particularly insulin secretion. EVs were isolated from the human EndoC-βH1 β-cell line, characterized, and assessed for uptake by EndoC-βH1-derived spheroids and human donor pancreatic islets using confocal microscopy. The effect of EV uptake on spheroids and human islet function was determined through glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to compare insulin output and β-cell gene expression between EV-treated and untreated samples. Both spheroids and donor islets showed increased insulin production compared to controls. In spheroids, qPCR revealed elevated expression of PDX1 and SUR1. In contrast, EV-treated human islets exhibited a 3-fold increase in insulin secretion without significant changes in INS, PDX1, GCG, or SLC2A2 expression. Proteomic analysis further demonstrated enrichment in key proteins involved in β-cell function and survival in both EV-treated spheroids and islets. These findings suggest that β-cell-derived EVs can promote β-cell functionality in vitro by up-regulating key genes involved in insulin secretion. The results support the EndoC-βH1-derived spheroid model as a platform for studying human islet biology for advancing the preclinical development of EV-based therapies. This work offers new insights into the effects of β-cell-derived EVs in promoting β-cell functionality and highlights their potential to improve islet transplantation outcomes for patients with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0346"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12992928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orchestrating Chemo-Ferroptosis via Nonthermal Magnetocatalysis: A Cascade Amplification Paradigm for Breast Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Wenjie Wang, Yixiao Li, Xingyu Ma, Tianyu Chen, Dongyang Zhao, Jiawei Zhai, Xinbei Fang, Wenting Chen, Zhongling Ma, Xiaojun Zhang","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0341","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional tumor microenvironment-responsive nanotherapies are limited by their passive dependence on endogenous triggers, often resulting in suboptimal therapeutic efficacy due to tumor heterogeneity. Furthermore, monotherapy frequently induces drug resistance, highlighting the need for synergistic strategies targeting multiple cell death pathways. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a cascade amplification paradigm designed to overcome these intrinsic limitations by integrating a tumor microenvironment-priming stage with a remotely triggered external amplification stage. This paradigm is embodied in an alternating magnetic field-responsive iron-porphyrin metal-organic framework nanoplatform, termed DFT. Under acidic conditions, the DFT nanoplatform is primed, exhibiting a >3.5-fold accelerated corelease of doxorubicin and catalytic iron ions. Subsequent exposure to a low-intensity alternating magnetic field (10 mT, 40 kHz) operating in a strictly nonthermal regime serves as the external accelerator, markedly amplifying the Fenton-like catalytic process. This intensified oxidative burst synergistically coactivates ferroptosis and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis-2 mechanistically distinct pathways that collectively counteract drug resistance. In vivo validation demonstrated a 74.6% tumor growth inhibition-nearly a 2-fold enhancement compared with the passive DFT group (40.7%). Notably, this efficacy is achieved while remaining well within established clinical safety limits, thereby addressing the safety-efficacy trade-off inherent to conventional magnetic hyperthermia. Overall, this study establishes a robust and versatile paradigm that harnesses external physical fields not for thermal ablation, but as programmable tools to remotely regulate catalytic biochemistry. This nonthermal, field-driven strategy offers a promising and safer route to combating chemotherapy resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0341"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12992931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionic Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Astrocyte-Targeted Estradiol Delivery Ameliorates Perimenopausal Depression via P2X7 Receptor Inhibition.","authors":"Ketan Chu, Peiqiong Chen, Wenxian Xu, Chengya Zhu, Li Xu, Chunming Li, Fan Wu, Huiyu Fan, Xiaoling Zheng, Jianhong Zhou","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0336","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estrogen (E2) therapy has shown efficacy in alleviating perimenopausal depression but is often accompanied by adverse effects when administered systemically. In this study, we developed a biomimetic nanoliposome hydrogel nasal delivery system for targeted E2 delivery and investigated its mechanisms. The system was constructed using aminated mesoporous silica as a carrier to load E2, followed by coating with astrocyte cell membranes to achieve targeting capability. The resulting nanoparticles were then embedded in a thermosensitive hydrogel composed of carboxymethyl chitosan and Pluronic F127, forming a nasal delivery platform (AEC@CP) for efficient brain targeting. A perimenopausal depression mouse model (OVX-CUMS) was established to evaluate E2's effects on depressive behavior, hippocampal pyroptosis, and the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)/NLRP3/caspase-1/gasdermin (GSDMD) pathway. In vitro, primary astrocytes were induced with lipopolysaccharide-adenosine triphosphate to construct a P2X7R overexpression model. AEC@CP was characterized and tested for therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that OVX-CUMS mice exhibited elevated astrocytic pyroptosis, which was attenuated by E2. E2 down-regulated interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β in the hippocampus and inhibited P2X7R/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling. In vitro, E2 suppressed astrocytic pyroptosis and associated pathway activation, and P2X7R overexpression reversed these effects. AEC@CP demonstrated excellent targeting and cellular uptake, and exerted stronger antidepressant and anti-pyroptotic effects than did free E2. In conclusion, AEC@CP effectively delivers E2 to astrocytes, suppressing the P2X7R-mediated inflammasome pathway, reducing pyroptosis, and improving depressive behavior in perimenopausal mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0336"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdermal Delivery of Hyaluronate-Conjugated Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Agonistic Peptide Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Skin Fibrosis.","authors":"Gyu Tae Park, Hye Eun Choi, Jae-Kyung Lim, Eun-Bae Choi, Jeong-Hyun Park, Su Bin Lee, Moon-Bum Kim, Ki Su Kim, Jae Ho Kim","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0316","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic sclerosis is a severe autoimmune disorder defined by progressive tissue hardening and inflammatory infiltration that affects the skin and major internal organs. The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonist, WKYMVm (Wm), shows promise for alleviating dermal fibrosis; however, its clinical translation is impeded by the need for invasive subcutaneous injection to bypass the skin barrier. To overcome this limitation, we developed a noninvasive topical delivery system by conjugating Wm to hyaluronic acid (HA), a biopolymer known for its transdermal delivery properties. In a bleomycin (BLM)-induced murine model of fibrosis, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of the HA-Wm conjugate and its capacity to penetrate the skin barrier. Topical application of the HA-Wm conjugate exhibited enhanced skin permeation relative to free Wm, resulting in marked reductions in both dermal layer thickness and collagen accumulation within the fibrotic lesions. Mechanistically, HA-Wm treatment markedly decreased the numbers of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and CD68-positive macrophages in the fibrotic skin. The HA-Wm treatment inhibited macrophage migration in vitro and reduced the serum concentrations of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in BLM-treated mice. Importantly, the therapeutic effects of HA-Wm were abolished in <i>Fpr2</i>-deficient mice, confirming an FPR2-dependent mechanism of action. Collectively, these results demonstrate that topical treatment of HA-Wm alleviates skin fibrosis and inflammation via an FPR2-dependent pathway, representing a promising noninvasive therapeutic avenue for fibrotic skin disorders such as systemic sclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0316"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12981301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a Bioactive ECM Interface Enables Concurrent Suppression of Foreign Body Reaction, Inflammation, and Promotion of Urethral Regeneration.","authors":"Peihong Han, Xinyu Lei, Shutong Li, Kai Fu, Xiuhong Sun, Rui Zhou, Yuqing Niu","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0334","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of tissue-engineered urethral grafts (TEUGs) remains challenged by significant hurdles, particularly in overcoming intraurethral stricture. A core issue is the foreign body reaction (FBR) induced by the implant, which impairs the integration of TEUGs with the autologous urethra. This study employed a tissue-engineered cellularization strategy to construct a stable, hydrophilic, and elastic bioactive extracellular matrix (ECM) interface on the scaffold surface. This interface effectively resists FBR and enhances TEUG integration with host tissues. We developed an \"autologous\" cellularized TEUG by combining rabbit-derived smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells with nanofiber scaffolds in vitro. After seeding, the cells attached to the scaffold, synthesized, and deposited ECM, thereby fine-tuning the scaffold's biophysical and biochemical properties. Specifically, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the ECM enhanced scaffold hydrophilicity, while collagen and elastin regulated its elasticity. In a rabbit model of full-thickness urethral defect, GAGs in TEUGs induced a pro-regenerative immune response, characterized by up-regulated expression of arginase 1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 genes and down-regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and interleukin-12 genes. This M2 macrophage-dominated gene expression profile further activated the Th2 signaling pathway, promoting the reconstruction of damaged vascular networks, the ordered proliferation of new tissues, the replacement of original ECM, load transmission in new tissues, and the maturation of functional structures. This study provides a simple yet effective strategy to enhance the patency, urine transport capacity, synchronous contraction, and directional contractile function of TEUGs by engineering a bioactive ECM interface endowed with anti-inflammatory and anti-FBR properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0334"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress and Hormone-Regulated Dermal Papilla Cell-Targeted Nanomodulators: Reverse Cellular Senescence for Androgenetic Alopecia Therapy.","authors":"Lan Lan, Qingde Zhou, Shuangxue Pan, Hui Liu, Yongzhong Du, Cuiping Guan, Xiuzu Song, Wei Wang","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0333","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a prevalent form of hair loss disorder, is pathologically characterized by dermal papilla cell (DPC) senescence driven by the dual pathogenic effects of excessive dihydrotestosterone accumulation and reactive-oxygen-species-mediated oxidative stress. Current clinical treatment strategies are challenged by poor hair follicle targeting, short retention times, and limited efficacy due to single-pathway interventions. To address these limitations, we developed a DPC-targeted, dual-functional finasteride/cerium oxide nanoparticle (L-LP-Fi/CeNP) drug delivery system designed to synergistically counteract DPC senescence through concurrent dihydrotestosterone inhibition and reactive oxygen species scavenging. By actively targeting the DPC-specific surface marker leptin receptor, this system notable enhanced cutaneous penetration depth and prolonged intrafollicular drug retention. Within the pathological microenvironment, the combined action of finasteride and CeNPs down-regulated senescence markers (p16/pRb) via dual-pathway synergy, effectively reversing cellular senescence and restoring the hair-inductive capacity of DPCs. In AGA mouse models, L-LP-Fi/CeNPs exhibited hair regenerative efficacy comparable to, and in some aspects modestly improved over, that of minoxidil, the current clinical standard treatment. This study presents a novel targeted therapeutic strategy combining small-molecule drug synergism with nanotechnology, which offers a promising prospect for AGA treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0333"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Engineering of MXenes for Biomedical Uses: Functionalization Strategies and Application Trends.","authors":"Sehyeon Park, Hee Jeong Byun, Jae Young Lee","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0327","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MXenes, a class of 2-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have emerged as highly versatile materials in the biomedical field because of their high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, large surface-area-to-mass ratio, and compositional versatility. Despite their promise, the inherent instability in physiological environments, lack of inherent biological activity, and potential toxicity remain major challenges limiting their biomedical applications. To address these issues, a wide range of surface engineering strategies have been developed, including covalent and noncovalent functionalization with various biomolecules, biomedical polymers, and nanomaterials. Specifically, the surface modification of MXene is intended to improve biostability and biocompatibility, and confer specific biological functions for applications in tissue engineering, biosensing, antibacterial therapy, and multimodal bioimaging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in MXene functionalization in the biomedical field. Based on their mechanisms and biomedical functions, we categorized the functionalization strategies and proposed key design principles for the development of next-generation MXene-based therapeutic and diagnostic platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"30 ","pages":"0327"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12968399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}