Biomaterials research最新文献

{"title":"Gingival Soft Tissue Integrative Zirconia Abutments with High Fracture Toughness and Low-Temperature Degradation Resistance.","authors":"Qiulan Li, Mianfeng Yao, Yunxu Yang, Bixiao Lin, Hongio Chen, Huixia Luo, Chao Zhang, Yanhao Huang, Yutao Jian, Ke Zhao, Xiaodong Wang","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0137","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low fracture toughness, low-temperature degradation (LTD) susceptibility, and inadequate soft tissue integration greatly limit the application of zirconia ceramic abutment. Integrating the \"surface\" of hard all-ceramic materials into the gingival soft tissue and simultaneously promoting the \"inner\" LTD resistance and fracture toughness is challenging. Composite ceramics are effective in improving the comprehensive properties of materials. In this study, we aim to develop a zirconia composite abutment with high \"inner\" structure stability and \"surface\" bioactivities simultaneously and to explore the mechanism of performance improvement. Therefore, elongated SrAl₁₂O₁₉ and equiaxed Al₂O₃ were introduced into the zirconia matrix by using the Pechini method. Reinforcements of different shapes can promote the density, reduce the grain size, and increase the phase stability of composite ceramics, which improves the fracture toughness and LTD susceptibility. In addition, the released strontium ions (Sr²⁺), without sacrificing the mechanical properties of the material, could activate the biological capacity of the zirconia surface by activating the M2 polarization of macrophages through the Sr²⁺/calcium-sensing receptor/SH3 domain-binding protein 5 axis, thereby promoting the collagen matrix synthesis of fibroblasts and the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells. This successful case proposes a novel strategy for the development of advanced high-strength and bioactive all-ceramic materials by introducing reinforcements containing biofunctional elements into the ceramic matrix. The approach paves the way for the widespread application of such all-ceramic materials in soft-tissue-related areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0137"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive Glasses: Advancing Skin Tissue Repair through Multifunctional Mechanisms and Innovations.","authors":"Zhiyang Ren, Shuhan Tang, Jia Wang, Shuqing Lv, Kai Zheng, Yong Xu, Ke Li","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0134","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a complex and dynamically regulated process, wound healing is collaboratively carried out by multiple types of cells. However, the precise mechanisms by which these cells contribute to immune regulation are not yet fully understood. Although research on bone regeneration has been quite extensive, the application of bioactive glass (BG) in skin tissue repair remains still relatively underexplored. The review focuses on the principles and the latest progress of using BGs for skin tissue repair, highlighting BGs' special performance requirements, including biological activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties, emphasizing their potential for skin tissue repair. In addition, BGs play a substantial role in regulating various inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, etc.) and tissue repair cells [fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), etc.] involved in wound healing. The review also covers recent developments in composite materials incorporating BGs, demonstrating their ability to promote angiogenesis, inhibit wound biofilms, and improve inflammatory responses in chronic wounds. Furthermore, BGs have shown effectiveness in promoting epithelial regeneration and collagen deposition in burn wounds as well as their applications in scar management and post-tumor resection wound care. Finally, we summarize our views on challenges and directions in the emerging field of BGs for skin tissue regeneration research in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0134"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core-Shell Structured Metal-Organic Frameworks for pH-Triggered Combination Photodynamic/Chemotherapy-Based Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Bei Liu, Huijuan Duan, Lirong Sun, Zechao Liu, Zhaogang Sun, Hongqian Chu","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0138","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of hypoxia-activated prodrugs is a promising strategy to address the limitations of photodynamic therapy (PDT) caused by a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. However, the controlled release of these hypoxia-activated prodrugs during PDT remains a challenge. In this study, we present a metal-organic framework (MOF) with a core-shell structure that can achieve a high PDT efficacy and on-demand release of hypoxia-activated prodrugs (AQ4N) for hypoxic tumor therapy. The nanocomposites were created by assembling zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) onto the surface of AQ4N-encapsulated porphyrinic MOF, followed by surface functionalization with folic acid-conjugated polyethylene glycol. AQ4N is entrapped in the mesopores of MOFs, and it shows acidic environment-triggered release due to the degradation of the ZIF-8. When exposed to laser, porphyrinic MOFs can produce reactive oxygen species for PDT. At the same time, PDT exacerbates hypoxia at the tumor site, leading to the bioreduction of AQ4N to AQ4 for enhanced anticancer activity. This work presents a practical approach to improve the tumor-targeting and therapeutic efficiency of hypoxic tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0138"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchy Reproduction: Multiphasic Strategies for Tendon/Ligament-Bone Junction Repair.","authors":"Kaiting Chen, Zezheng Liu, Xinying Zhou, Wanyu Zheng, He Cao, Zijian Yang, Zhengao Wang, Chengyun Ning, Qingchu Li, Huiyu Zhao","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0132","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tendon/ligament-bone junctions (T/LBJs) are susceptible to damage during exercise, resulting in anterior cruciate ligament rupture or rotator cuff tear; however, their intricate hierarchical structure hinders self-regeneration. Multiphasic strategies have been explored to fuel heterogeneous tissue regeneration and integration. This review summarizes current multiphasic approaches for rejuvenating functional gradients in T/LBJ healing. Synthetic, natural, and organism-derived materials are available for in vivo validation. Both discrete and gradient layouts serve as sources of inspiration for organizing specific cues, based on the theories of biomaterial topology, biochemistry, mechanobiology, and in situ delivery therapy, which form interconnected network within the design. Novel engineering can be constructed by electrospinning, 3-dimensional printing, bioprinting, textiling, and other techniques. Despite these efforts being limited at present stage, multiphasic scaffolds show great potential for precise reproduction of native T/LBJs and offer promising solutions for clinical dilemmas.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0132"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on Extracellular Matrix-Based Composite Materials in Antibacterial Field.","authors":"Dan Cai, Tuoqin Liu, Wei Weng, Xinhong Zhu","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0128","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to their exceptional cell compatibility, biodegradability, and capacity to trigger tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) materials have drawn considerable attention in tissue healing and regenerative medicine. Interestingly, these materials undergo continuous degradation and release antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) while simultaneously promoting tissue regeneration, thereby exerting a potent antibacterial effect. On this basis, a variety of basic properties of ECM materials, such as porous adsorption, hydrophilic adsorption, group crosslinking, and electrostatic crosslinking, can be used to facilitate the integration of ECM materials and antibacterial agents through physical and chemical approaches in order to enhance the antibacterial efficacy. This article reviews the recent advancements in the study of ECM antibacterial materials, including the antibacterial function and antibacterial mechanism of free-standing ECM materials and ECM-based composite materials. In addition, the urgent challenges and future research prospects of ECM materials in the anti-infection industry are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0128"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Intradermal Delivery of Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Spheroids for Hair Follicle Regeneration in Nude Mice.","authors":"Moon Sung Kang, Mina Kwon, Rowoon Park, Jaeheung Kim, Suck Won Hong, Chang-Seok Kim, Won Jun Yang, Ki Su Kim, Dong-Wook Han","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0129","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0129"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate UVB-Induced Photoaging via the miR-125b-5p/TGF-β1/Smad Axis.","authors":"Hong Cui, Luo-Qin Fu, Yan Teng, Jun-Jia He, Ye-Yu Shen, Qiong Bian, Ting-Zhang Wang, Mei-Xia Wang, Xiang-Wei Pang, Zhi-Wei Lin, Min-Gang Zhu, Yu Cai, Yang-Yang Li, Jin-Yang Chen, Xiao-Zhou Mou, Yi-Bin Fan","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0121","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous photoaging, induced by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically manifests as alterations in both the physical appearance and functional properties of the skin and may predispose individuals to cancer development. Recent studies have demonstrated the reparative potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in addressing skin damage, while specific reports highlight their efficacy in ameliorating skin photoaging. However, the precise role of exosomes derived from human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HFMSC-Exos) in the context of cutaneous photoaging remains largely unexplored. We successfully isolated HFMSC-Exos using the ultracentrifugation technique. In cellular experiments, we assessed the migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) through scratch and transwell assays, evaluated the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through angiogenesis assays, and examined the expression levels of collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) using Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we established a nude mouse model of photoaging to observe wrinkle formation on the dorsal surface of the animals, as well as to assess dermal thickness and collagen fiber generation through histological staining. Ultimately, we performed RNA sequencing on skin tissues from mice before and after treatment to elucidate the relevant underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that HFMSC-Exos effectively enhanced the migration and proliferation of HDFs and upregulated the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), p-Smad2/p-Smad3, collagen type 1, and collagen type 3 while concurrently down-regulating MMP-1 levels in HDFs. Additionally, mice in the HFMSC-Exo group showed quicker wrinkle healing and increased collagen production. HFMSC-Exos miR-125b-5p was demonstrated to reduce skin photoaging by increasing profibrotic levels via TGF-β1 expression. UV-irradiated HDFs and photoaged nude mouse skin showed low TGF-β1 expressions, whereas overexpression of TGF-β1 in HDFs increased collagen type 1, collagen type 3, and p-Smad2/p-Smad3 expressions while decreasing MMP-1 expression. HDFs overexpressing TGF-β1 produced more collagen and altered the Smad pathway. This study demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo, that HFMSC-Exos increased collagen formation, promoted HDF cell proliferation and migration, and reversed the senescence of UV-irradiated HDFs. TGF-β1 was identified as a target of HFMSC-Exos miR-125b-5p, which controls photoaging via regulating the Smad pathway. The antiphotoaging capabilities of HFMSC-Exos may occur via the miR-125b-5p/TGF-β1/Smad axis, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for treating skin photoaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0121"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized Periosteum-Derived Microsphere-Hydrogel with Sequential Release of E7 Short Peptide/miR217 for Large Bone Defect Repairing.","authors":"Jun Yao, Dan Zu, Qi Dong, Jiajie Xia, Xiaonan Wang, Jingjing Guo, Gaoxiang Ma, Bing Wu, Bin Fang","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large bone defects are still a persistent challenge in orthopedics. The availability limitations and associated complications of autologous and allogeneic bone have prompted an increasing reliance on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, we developed an injectable scaffold combining an acellular extracellular periosteal matrix hydrogel with poly(d,l-lactate-<i>co</i>-glycol-acetate) microspheres loaded with the E7 peptide and miR217 (miR217/E7@MP-GEL). Characterization of the composites included morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy, degradation and swelling tests, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation, and the biological activity evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through their effects on cell recruitment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The designed hydrogels demonstrated good physical and chemical properties that are cytocompatible and suitable for cell recruitment. In vitro studies confirmed the high biological activity of the release agent, which markedly enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In vivo application to a rat model of a femur defect exhibited a significant increase in bone volume and density over 7 weeks, resulting in enhanced bone regeneration. Acellular periosteum-based hydrogels combined with the E7 peptide and miR217-loaded poly(d,l-lactate-<i>co</i>-glycol-acetate) microspheres can promote effective bone regeneration through the recruitment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which provides a promising approach for the treatment of large bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0127"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Complex That Mediates the Inhibition of Angiogenesis by Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and in an Ex Vivo Mouse Aorta Ring Model.","authors":"Minseo Kim, Sangkyu Park, Soyi Kim, Jeongmin Seo, Sangho Roh","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angiogenesis is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that plays a key role in wound healing, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular processes, ocular diseases, and tumor growth. Indeed, modulation of angiogenesis represents a potential approach to treating cancer and, as such, therapeutic approaches targeting VEGF and its receptors have been widely investigated as part of the broader search for curative interventions. Equally, RNA interference is a powerful tool for treating diseases, but its application as a disease treatment has been limited in part because of a lack of efficient small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery systems. The purpose of this study was to characterize an amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide, Ara27, and its potential as an effective delivery vehicle as a conjugate with VEGF siRNA (siVEGF). In our study, we demonstrate that exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Ara27-siVEGF complexes did not lead to cytotoxicity and can lead to down-regulation of cellular levels of both VEGF mRNA and protein. Moreover, treatment with the Ara27-siVEGF complex attenuates the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, Akt, and ERK in HUVECs and inhibits their capacity for wound healing and tube formation, both of which characteristics reflective of angiogenesis. In addition, we performed an ex vivo study to find that treatment with the Ara27-siVEGF complex inhibits aorta ring sprouting. Furthermore, the complex did not induce immunotoxicity in THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that an Ara27-siVEGF conjugate is efficient for knockdown of VEGF in HUVECs to inhibit angiogenesis, without marked cytotoxic and immunotoxic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0120"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Magnetic-Responsive Biomimetic Nanosystem Coated with Glioma Stem Cell Membranes Effectively Targets and Eliminates Malignant Gliomas.","authors":"Song Deng, Dekang Nie, Yue Huang, Yu Yang, Qianqian Liu, Zesheng Sun, Qiaoji Jiang, Yuejuan Ling, Ya Wen, Jiahua Qu, Jialiang Lin, Yi Wang, Rongqin Huang, Jinlong Shi","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0123","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bmr.0123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most challenging malignant brain tumors, making the development of new treatment strategies highly necessary. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) markedly contribute to drug resistance, radiation resistance, and tumor recurrence in GBM. The therapeutic potential of nanomaterials targeting GSCs in GBM urgently needs to be explored. A magnetic-responsive biomimetic nanosystem (FDPM), coated with glioma stem cell membranes (CMs), was designed for the targeted eradication of GSCs as well as their associated tumor cells. Identified nanobodies were extensively characterized with various assays. The application tests on nanomaterials were conducted in vitro and in vivo. The tumor-suppressive effects of the nanosystem were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. FDPM can be artificially directed under magnetic guidance while inheriting various biological functions from CM. Upon intravenous injection, FDPM was drawn to the tumor site by magnetic attraction, where it could cross the blood-brain barrier aided by CM. Its homologous targeting ability originates from active proteins on CM, enabling it to specifically target GSCs and related tumor cells. The encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) within the nanoparticle then destroyed these tumor cells. FDPM demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and tumor-targeting efficiency, effectively targeting malignant gliomas initiated by GSCs. FDPM significantly reduced tumor cells, inhibited tumor growth, and notably extended the survival of glioma-bearing nude mice. The findings position FDPM as a promising nanoplatform to target GSCs and related tumor cells for improving the therapeutic effect of glioma.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"28 ","pages":"0123"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}