Biomaterials research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Culture Duration on the Properties and Functionality of Yeast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.","authors":"Gyeongchan Jeon, Yang-Hoon Kim, Jiho Min","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer nanovesicles secreted by cells, carry nucleic acids, proteins, and other bioactive molecules that influence recipient cells and modulate various biological processes. This study investigated how energy depletion and fermentation processes influence the characteristics and physiological functions of EVs secreted by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Specifically, we analyzed EVs derived from 24-h cultures, representing the glucose utilization phase, and 72-h cultures, representing the starvation stage. Under energy-depleted conditions (72-h cultures), yeast secreted a higher number of EV particles, albeit with a smaller average particle size. In contrast, EVs from yeast cultured for 24 h, during the glucose utilization phase, were enriched in Pep12-rich endosome-derived vesicles and exhibited 71% higher cellular internalization efficiency. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed distinct protein and microRNA profiles between EVs from 24- and 72-h cultures, highlighting their potential roles in tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis. As a result, EVs derived from 24-h cultures exhibited a 15% greater effect in promoting collagen synthesis. The differential effects on collagen production may be attributed to the efficiency of endocytosis and the specific protein and microRNA cargo of the EVs. This study emphasizes the functional potential and unique properties of yeast-derived EVs while proposing strategies to modulate EV composition by adjusting the yeast culture duration and the energy source in the medium. Further research is needed to control yeast-produced EV components and to understand their mechanisms of action for effective therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0201"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Sequential Presentation of Growth Factors via Gelatin Microparticles in Pluripotent Stem Cell Spheroids.","authors":"Nityanand Prakash, Young Cha, Won-Gun Koh, Hansoo Park, Alvin Bacero Bello, Soo-Hong Lee","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine has gained considerable attention in recent years with the development of clinically relevant MSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells. Through sequential presentations of appropriate growth factors (GFs), iPSCs can be differentiated into mesodermal cells and then into MSCs. Furthermore, the formation of 3-dimensional cell spheroids, known as embryoid bodies, can be used to mimic in vivo conditions. However, the compact nature of embryoid bodies restricts the efficient and uniform delivery of GFs, leading to the formation of necrotic zones and hindered differentiation. To address this, we developed 2 types of gelatin microparticles (GelMPs) with distinct degradation rates for sequential delivery of GFs to enhance differentiation while preventing necrotic zones. In 2-dimensional culture, bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) were identified as key proteins inducing iPSC differentiation into mesodermal cells and MSCs. The sequential presentation of these GFs was optimized for a 3-dimensional culture system by engineering fast-degrading GelMPs conjugated with BMP4 and slow-degrading GelMPs conjugated with FGF2. Our approach facilitated efficient iPSC differentiation into induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs), as demonstrated by enhanced expression of mesodermal markers during the early stages of differentiation and MSC-specific markers at later stages. The resulting iMSCs exhibited characteristic surface markers (e.g., CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD44) and trilineage differentiation capability and were genetically stable. Compared to adult-derived MSCs, iMSCs showed superior proliferative capacity and reduced senescence, making them advantageous for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. This innovative approach of generating iMSCs has vast potential for therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0184"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zein and Trimethyl Chitosan-Based Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Quercetin Oral Delivery to Enhance Absorption by Paracellular Pathway in Obesity Mice.","authors":"Zijian Dai, Wanting Yin, Jiahao Li, Lingjun Ma, Fang Chen, Qun Shen, Xiaosong Hu, Yong Xue, Junfu Ji","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quercetin as a flavonoid polyphenol in nature has shown great anti-obesity effects. Due to its poor stability in chemical structure and low intestinal absorption, the in vivo bioavailability of quercetin is considered to be the main challenge for applications. To achieve the oral quercetin administration, chitosan was successfully trimethylated (TMC) to coat the quercetin-loaded zein nanoparticles (Zein-Q), which were designed as the core-shell structure for enhancing the intestinal absorption in this study. TMC-Zein-Q was demonstrated to protect quercetin from degradation and showed the sustained-release effect in an in vitro drug release experiment. The nanoparticles were found to reversibly open tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells and help to increase quercetin uptake via the paracellular pathway in Caco-2 cells. In addition, the delivery system also showed stronger intestinal permeability and mucoadhesion in vivo, which improved the bioavailability of quercetin in cellular and animal experiments. After 10 weeks of intervention, TMC-Zein-Q could effectively suppress weight gain, improve serum lipid levels, and ameliorate hepatic steatosis and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet (HFD) mice by mediating the AMPK pathway. Consequently, this work successfully constructed TMC-Zein-Q for oral quercetin delivery, providing a novel and feasible strategy for the treatment of obesity via the oral route.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0193"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Linked Cyclosiloxane Polymer Matrix as a Platform Enabling Long-Term Culture of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Naïve-Like Features.","authors":"Changjin Seo, Junhyuk Song, Yoonjung Choi, Taemook Kim, Daeyoup Lee, Sangyong Jon","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Culture platforms for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that rely on feeder cells or extracellular matrices (ECMs) face substantial limitations for practical regenerative medicine applications, including undefined components, high costs, and a tendency to maintain hiPSCs in the primed pluripotent state, which has lower differentiation potential than the naïve state. To overcome these challenges, we developed a long-term hiPSC culture platform based on a cross-linked cyclosiloxane polymer matrix that preserves pluripotency with naïve-like characteristics. Through optimization, we identified an ideal cyclosiloxane polymer matrix, designated as poly-Z, which supported the growth of hiPSCs as spheroids. Even after 60 d of continuous culture, hiPSC spheroids maintained on poly-Z retained pluripotency markers and normal karyotypes at levels comparable to those of hiPSC colonies cultured on conventional vitronectin (VN)-coated plates. Furthermore, mRNA sequencing revealed that hiPSC spheroids cultured on poly-Z not only exhibited up-regulation of typical pluripotency-related genes but also showed increased expression of genes associated with the naïve pluripotent state, in contrast to the primed state observed in hiPSCs cultured on VN-coated plates or in suspension culture. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further suggested that the down-regulation of genes involved in cell-ECM interactions contributed to the induction of naïve-like features in poly-Z-cultured hiPSC spheroids. These findings highlight the potential of cross-linked cyclosiloxane-based polymer matrices as an innovative platform for human pluripotent stem cell research and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0197"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pH-Responsive Polyetheretherketone Implant Modified with a Core-Shell Metal-Organic Framework to Promote Antibacterial and Osseointegration Abilities.","authors":"Shiqing Ma, Shiyu Yao, Yumeng Li, Yilin Yang, Tianyi Tong, Hong Zheng, Beibei Ma, Pengfei Wei, Zhengyi Di, Bo Zhao, Jiayin Deng","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered to be a potential material for oral implants due to its elastic modulus being similar to that of human cortical bone. However, the poor antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osseointegration properties of bioinert PEEK have hindered its clinical application. Therefore, this study designed and constructed a pH-responsive PEEK implant with a bilayer core-shell zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) structure loaded on its surface, with an antimicrobial peptide (KR12) encapsulated in the outer shell and an osteogenic peptide (osteogenic growth peptide ) encapsulated in its inner core. In this study, the bilayer core-shell ZIF-8 structure was confirmed to have pH-responsive properties. In vitro studies proved that the implant could promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells' proliferation and differentiation and the M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype conversion of RAW 264.7 and could inhibit bacterial adhesion and proliferation. By constructing rats' distal femur with/without infection models, it was further demonstrated that the novel implant could effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion and growth, inhibit inflammation, and promote peri-implant osseointegration, which was more substantial when the local area was infected and the pH was lower than that of normal tissue. Collectively, the results suggest that this novel pH-responsive PEEK implant loaded with a bilayer core-shell ZIF-8 structure is a promising peptide delivery implant system, which is well suited for dental applications and offers a potential solution for the prevention of infection during the early phase after implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0188"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiaction Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Prohealing Hydrogel as a Novel Strategy for Preventing Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula.","authors":"Yuan Zhou, Lan Li, Fangsheng Chen, Tingting Huang, Maoen Pan, Heguang Huang","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postoperative pancreatic fistula remains a challenging complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Addressing this issue requires effective strategies to promote anastomotic healing. In this study, we developed a novel hydrogel designed to close pancreaticoenteric anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The hydrogel-composed of polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and dopamine-modified oxidized hyaluronic acid-exhibited excellent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. It was designed to conform well to the anastomotic site for clinical application. The hydrogel demonstrated good biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical strength, low swelling, and strong adhesive properties, meeting specific requirements for pancreaticoenteric anastomosis environments. Moreover, by activating the cell cycle, it promoted cell proliferation and migration, thereby accelerating anastomotic closure. Addition of the potent broad-spectrum antibiotic meropenem further enhanced its antibacterial efficacy, targeting common microbial species involved in delayed healing and fistula formation after pancreatic surgery. In a rat model of pancreatic fistula, the hydrogel effectively sealed the anastomosis, filled potential suture gaps, and exerted antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regeneration-promoting effects around the anastomotic site. Therefore, this hydrogel, with its ideal degradation properties, shows promising application prospects in closing pancreaticoenteric anastomosis following pancreaticoduodenectomy, thereby offering an effective solution to reduce complications such as pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0194"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable Brain Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels Enhance Neuronal Migration and Functional Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.","authors":"Jiajie Xia, Xinjie Gao, Jun Yao, Yuchao Fei, Dagang Song, Zhiwei Gu, Gang Zheng, Yuxiang Gu, Chuanjian Tu","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural repair within the lesion cavity caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a major therapeutic challenge. Hydrogels hold great potential in regenerative medicine as functional scaffolds. However, inadequate host cell infiltration and suboptimal delivery methods have limited their application in tissue engineering. Here, we describe an optimized decellularization approach to create injectable brain extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels for the treatment of ICH. The hydrogel exhibits excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. In an ICH rat model, the hydrogel implanted into the stroke cavity promoted neural recovery, facilitated cell recruitment, enhanced angiogenesis, and inhibited inflammation in the peri-cavity region at 14 d post-implantation. Furthermore, the hydrogel improved cell proliferation and migration, reversed cell apoptosis, and modulated transcriptomic changes in vitro. Notably, the hydrogel may promote neuronal migration and neural functional recovery after ICH through the slit guidance ligand 2-receptor roundabout guidance receptor 1 (Slit2-Robo1) signaling pathway. These findings highlight the potential of brain ECM hydrogels as a promising strategy for brain tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0192"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleic Acid-Functionalized Gold Nanorods Modulate Inflammation and Dysregulated Intestinal Barriers for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Wanghong He, Yanxue Wang, Yifan Zhao, Bingqing Wu, Yilong Chen, Lu Jia, Xinfeng Tan, Yi Liu","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional oral treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) face marked limitations including their single therapeutic effect, potential off-target interactions, and toxic side effects. In this study, we present nucleic acid-functionalized gold nanorods (NAF AuNRs), a biocompatible nanomaterial designed for the oral treatment of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The NAF AuNRs alleviate immune responses by inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophages and enhancing the expression of barrier proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. Due to the negatively charged nucleic acid shell, NAF AuNRs preferentially target anionic, inflamed colon tissues upon oral administration, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and promoting the recovery of intestinal barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that NAF AuNRs represent an innovative and promising therapeutic approach for UC management, offering novel insights into the application of nucleic acid-functionalized nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0195"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffold Loaded with Regulatory T Cell-Conditioned Medium Induces M2 Macrophage Polarization.","authors":"Hongjing Jiang, Xuheng Sun, Jiang Liu, Lijun Fang, Yuanfeng Liang, Jiahui Zhou, Yueheng Wu, Zhanyi Lin","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomaterials often induce local inflammatory responses following implantation. Scaffolds that cause continuous M1 polarization typically hinder tissue healing and regeneration. Regulating the transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype in the inflammatory environment is crucial. We propose that regulatory T cell-conditioned medium (T_reg CM) effectively promotes M2 polarization of macrophages induced by decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) materials in inflammatory environments. In vitro results showed that in the presence of dECM, T_reg CM induces the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages to M2 and inhibits M1 macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions (lipopolysaccharide + IFN-γ). Additionally, dECM promotes the polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to M2, while T_reg CM further promotes M2 polarization and inhibits M1 polarization in an inflammatory environment. These findings were confirmed by transcriptome sequencing. T_reg CM inhibited IκB kinase/NF-κB signaling and cellular responses to oxidative stress. In vivo subcutaneous transplantation showed an increase in M2 macrophages, a decrease in M1 macrophages, and an increased M2/M1 ratio in dECM materials loaded with T_reg CM. These results suggest that T_reg CM can create a pro-M2 polarized microenvironment for dECM, guiding immune responses toward favorable tissue regeneration. Ultimately, this research highlights the potential of T_reg CM as a therapeutic approach to modulate the immune response and improve the efficacy of regenerative biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0196"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose Decellularized Matrix: A Promising Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering Material for Volume Muscle Loss.","authors":"Zimo Wang, Wei Liang, Rigele Ao, Yang An","doi":"10.34133/bmr.0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bmr.0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volume muscle loss is a severe injury often caused by trauma, fracture, tumor resection, or degenerative disease, leading to long-term dysfunction or disability. The current gold-standard treatment is autologous muscle tissue transplantation, with limitations due to donor site restrictions, complications, and low regeneration efficiency. Tissue engineering shows potential to overcome these challenges and achieve optimal muscle regeneration, vascularization, nerve repair, and immunomodulation. In the field of muscle tissue engineering, skeletal muscle decellularized matrices are regarded as an ideal material due to their similarity to the defect site environment, yet they suffer from difficulties in preparation, severe fibrosis, and inconsistent experimental findings. Adipose decellularized matrices (AdECMs) have demonstrated consistent efficacy in promoting muscle regeneration, and their ease of preparation and abundant availability make them even more attractive. The full potential of AdECMs for muscle regeneration remains to be explored. The aim of this review is to summarize the relevant studies on using AdECMs to promote muscle regeneration, to summarize the preparation methods of various applied forms, and to analyze their advantages and shortcomings, as well as to further explore their mechanisms and to propose possible improvements, so as to provide new ideas for the clinical solution of the problem of volume muscle loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":93902,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials research","volume":"29 ","pages":"0174"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}