Asian journal of andrology最新文献

The dark side of transurethral access for LUTS/BPH surgery: a narrative review. 经尿道LUTS/BPH手术的阴暗面：叙述回顾。

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.4103/aja202523

Bruno Bucca, Christian Gozzi, Luca Matteo Gobbi, Eugenio Bologna, Leslie Claire Licari, Vincenzo Asero, Orietta Dalpiaz, Thomas Alber, Alessandro Calarco, Marco Martini, Fabrizio Presicce

{"title":"The dark side of transurethral access for LUTS/BPH surgery: a narrative review.","authors":"Bruno Bucca, Christian Gozzi, Luca Matteo Gobbi, Eugenio Bologna, Leslie Claire Licari, Vincenzo Asero, Orietta Dalpiaz, Thomas Alber, Alessandro Calarco, Marco Martini, Fabrizio Presicce","doi":"10.4103/aja202523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202523","url":null,"abstract":"The transurethral route is the access of choice for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgical treatment. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been the gold standard in surgical intervention for BPH; however, the advent of novel surgical techniques and the exploration of new energy sources in recent decades have seen this primacy contested. Nevertheless, the transurethral route harbors numerous challenges and pitfalls that can pose significant risks even for the most experienced endoscopic urologists. Complications associated with transurethral access are well documented yet often underestimated by endoscopic surgeons, primarily because the pathological conditions arising from transurethral surgery typically fall within the realm of those specializing in genitourinary reconstructive surgery. This narrative review describes and critically discusses the specific pitfalls associated with transurethral surgery for BPH. Urethral strictures, transient or permanent postoperative incontinence, reintervention, and de novo/persistent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) represent the main complications of transurethral treatments for BPH. These problems still stand as the foremost challenge for all endoscopists despite recent technological advancements. The use of increasingly miniaturized instruments, more mindful energy application, sphincter-sparing enucleation techniques, and the advent of so-called minimally invasive surgical techniques (MISTs) all contribute to a more conscious and anatomically respectful transurethral approach. An endoscopic transvesical suprapubic access may be another alternative strategy to minimize the complications of transurethral route in the future.","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surgical approaches to varicocele: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. 精索静脉曲张的手术入路：系统回顾和网络荟萃分析。

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.4103/aja202541

Lin-Jie Lu, Kai Xiong, Sheng-Lan Yuan, Bang-Wei Che, Jian-Cheng Zhai, Chuan-Chuan Wu, Yang Zhang, Hong-Yan Zhang, Kai-Fa Tang

{"title":"Surgical approaches to varicocele: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Lin-Jie Lu, Kai Xiong, Sheng-Lan Yuan, Bang-Wei Che, Jian-Cheng Zhai, Chuan-Chuan Wu, Yang Zhang, Hong-Yan Zhang, Kai-Fa Tang","doi":"10.4103/aja202541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202541","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical methods for varicocele remain controversial. This study intends to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different surgical approaches for treating varicocele through a network meta-analysis (NMA). PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were thoroughly searched. In total, 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 24 cohort studies were included, covering 9 different surgical methods. Pairwise meta-analysis and NMA were performed by means of random-effects models, and interventions were ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). According to the SUCRA, microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV; 91.6%), microsurgical retroperitoneal varicocelectomy (MRV; 78.2%), and microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy (MIV; 76.7%) demonstrated the highest effectiveness in reducing postoperative recurrence rates. In this study, sclerotherapy embolization (SE; 87.2%), MSV (77.9%), and MIV (67.7%) showed the best results in lowering the risk of hydrocele occurrence. MIV (82.9%), MSV (75.9%), and coil embolization (CE; 58.7%) were notably effective in increasing sperm motility. Moreover, CE (76.7%), subinguinal approach varicocelectomy (SV; 69.2%), and SE (55.7%) were the most effective in increasing sperm count. SE (82.5%), transabdominal laparoscopic varicocelectomy (TLV; 76.5%), and MRV (52.7%) were superior in shortening the length of hospital stay. The incidence rates of adverse events for MRV (0), SE (3.3%), and MIV (4.1%) were notably low. Cluster analyses indicated that MSV was the most effective in the treatment of varicocele. Based on the existing evidence, MSV may represent the optimal choice for varicocele surgery. However, selecting clinical surgical strategies requires consideration of various factors, including patient needs, surgeon experience, and the learning curve.","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Should couples with a low total progressively motile sperm count in the first intrauterine insemination cycle continue this treatment? 在第一个宫内人工授精周期中精子总数较低的夫妇是否应该继续这种治疗？

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.4103/aja202524

Zheng Wang, Yuan-Yuan Wang, Shuo Huang, Hai-Yan Wang, Rong Li, Ben Willem Mol, Jie Qiao

{"title":"Should couples with a low total progressively motile sperm count in the first intrauterine insemination cycle continue this treatment?","authors":"Zheng Wang, Yuan-Yuan Wang, Shuo Huang, Hai-Yan Wang, Rong Li, Ben Willem Mol, Jie Qiao","doi":"10.4103/aja202524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202524","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the associations between the post-wash total progressively motile sperm count (TPMSC) in the first intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycle and pregnancy outcomes of the second IUI cycle. Data were retrieved from the clinical database at the Reproductive Center of Peking University Third Hospital (Beijing, China) between January 2011 and December 2022. Couples were included in this retrospective cohort study if they had unexplained or mild male factor infertility and were treated with IUI for two consecutive cycles using the same protocol. A total of 8290 couples were included in the analysis. The mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) age of women was 32.0 ± 3.5 years. We categorized groups based on the post-wash TPMSC (×106) levels in the first IUI cycle: group 1 (0 < TPMSC < 1, n = 1290), group 2 (1 ≤ TPMSC < 2, n = 863), group 3 (2 ≤ TPMSC < 3, n = 800), group 4 (3 ≤ TPMSC < 4, n = 783), group 5 (4 ≤ TPMSC < 5, n = 1541), group 6 (5 ≤ TPMSC < 6, n = 522), group 7 (6 ≤ TPMSC < 7, n = 547), group 8 (7 ≤ TPMSC < 8, n = 175), group 9 (8 ≤ TPMSC < 9, n = 556), group 10 (9 ≤ TPMSC < 10, n = 192), and group 11 (TPMSC ≥ 10), n = 1021). The primary outcome was live birth rate of the second IUI cycle. Live birth rates were 7.9%, 5.8%, 7.6%, 7.4%, 7.3%, 8.4%, 7.5%, 7.4%, 8.8%, 8.9%, and 7.6% in each group, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical pregnancy rates or live birth rates between any groups and those with the post-wash TPMSC <1 × 106. In an IUI program for unexplained and mild male factor infertility, the post-wash TPMSC in the first IUI cycle was not significantly associated with the live birth rate in the second IUI cycle.","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Normal sperm head morphometric reference values in fertile Asian males". “亚洲可育男性正常精子头形态测量参考值”的勘误表。

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.4103/aja202551

Ye-Lin Jia, Ying-Bi Wu, Lin Yu, Yan Zheng, Ting-Ting Yang, Yan-Yun Wang, Bin Zhou, Lin Zhang, Fu-Ping Li

引用次数: 0

A novel frameshift variant in AXDND1 may cause multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella in a consanguineous Pakistani family. 一种新的移码变异的AXDND1可能导致精子鞭毛的多种形态异常在一个近亲巴基斯坦家庭。

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.4103/aja202538

Imtiaz Ali, Meng-Lei Yang, Fazal Rahim, Haider Ali, Aurang Zeb, Nisar Ahmad, Yousaf Raza, Wang Yue, Muhammad Shoaib, Tanveer Abbas, Wasim Shah, Hui Ma, Huan Zhang, Hao Yin, Qing-Hua Shi

{"title":"A novel frameshift variant in AXDND1 may cause multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella in a consanguineous Pakistani family.","authors":"Imtiaz Ali, Meng-Lei Yang, Fazal Rahim, Haider Ali, Aurang Zeb, Nisar Ahmad, Yousaf Raza, Wang Yue, Muhammad Shoaib, Tanveer Abbas, Wasim Shah, Hui Ma, Huan Zhang, Hao Yin, Qing-Hua Shi","doi":"10.4103/aja202538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202538","url":null,"abstract":"The syndrome of multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is one of the most serious kinds of sperm defects, leading to asthenoteratozoospermia and male infertility. In this study, we use whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic factors that account for male infertility in a patient born from a consanguineous Pakistani couple. A homozygous frameshift mutation (c.1399_1402del; p.Gln468ArgfsTer2) in axonemal dynein light chain domain containing 1 (AXDND1) was identified in the patient. Sanger sequencing data showed that the mutation was cosegregated recessively with male infertility in this family. Papanicolaou staining and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the sperm revealed severely abnormal flagellar morphology in the patient. Immunofluorescence and western blot showed undetectable AXDND1 expression in the sperm of the patient. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed disorganized sperm axonemal structure in the patient, particularly missing the central pair of microtubules. Immunofluorescence staining showed the absence of sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) and dynein axonemal light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1) signals in the sperm flagella of the patient. These findings indicate that AXDND1 is essential for the organization of flagellar axoneme and provide direct evidence that AXDND1 is a MMAF gene in humans, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of AXDND1 frameshift mutations.","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment in erectile dysfunction. 低强度脉冲超声治疗勃起功能障碍。

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.4103/aja202518

Shi-Yun Liu, Si-Yu Liu, Bang-Min Han, Shu-Jie Xia

{"title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment in erectile dysfunction.","authors":"Shi-Yun Liu, Si-Yu Liu, Bang-Min Han, Shu-Jie Xia","doi":"10.4103/aja202518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202518","url":null,"abstract":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive sonodynamic therapy that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. Clinical trials have demonstrated that LIPUS ameliorates mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction without adverse events. Histological analysis of the corpus cavernosum suggests that the therapeutic benefits of LIPUS may be attributed to alleviation of fibrosis, enhanced neovascularization, and promotion of innervation. Further investigations have revealed that LIPUS facilitates cavernous tissue repair through non-thermal mechanisms, including a cavitation effect, acoustic streaming, mass transfer enhancement, and direct mechanical stimulation. Mechanobiological transduction triggers molecular signaling cascades within endogenous cavernous cells, thereby stimulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and stem cell differentiation. Although LIPUS has the potential to induce cavernous rehabilitation in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, further investigations are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms via which LIPUS regulates each type of cavernous cell to determine the optimal parameters for this innovative therapy.","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive function and sperm parameters in men with sickle cell disease: a systematic review. 男性镰状细胞病的生殖功能和精子参数：系统综述

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.4103/aja202510

Clarisse Leblanc, Nathalie Sermondade, Ludmilla Ogouma-Aworet, Anna Ly, Diane Rivet-Danon, Guillaume Bachelot, François Lionnet, Aline Santin, Anne-Gaël Cordier, Kamila Kolanska, Rachel Lévy, Isabelle Berthaut, Charlotte Dupont

{"title":"Reproductive function and sperm parameters in men with sickle cell disease: a systematic review.","authors":"Clarisse Leblanc, Nathalie Sermondade, Ludmilla Ogouma-Aworet, Anna Ly, Diane Rivet-Danon, Guillaume Bachelot, François Lionnet, Aline Santin, Anne-Gaël Cordier, Kamila Kolanska, Rachel Lévy, Isabelle Berthaut, Charlotte Dupont","doi":"10.4103/aja202510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202510","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common hereditary diseases in the world. It leads to hemolytic anemia and painful vaso-occlusive crises that can damage target organs at the cardiopulmonary, cerebrovascular, and renal levels. SCD has also significant consequences on reproductive functions and fertility. Moreover, the treatments designed to alleviate and reduce vaso-occlusive crises directly impact male reproductive functions. Nevertheless, literature assessing the impact of SCD and its treatments on male reproductive functions remains limited and lacks robust evidence. A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendation was carried out on the reproductive functions of men with SCD and the reproductive options available to them. Most studies have found that men with SCD frequently exhibit impaired sperm parameters. In addition, hydroxyurea (HU), proposed to relieve and reduce vaso-occlusive crises, is also known to impact male reproductive functions, and the reversibility of these consequences on sperm parameters remains hypothetical. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only curative treatment. However, conditioning treatments are highly gonadotoxic and can permanently alter spermatogenesis. Young men with SCD should therefore be informed about fertility at an early stage, and fertility preservation should be discussed in pubescent men, especially if treatment with HU or HSCT is to be initiated. In prepubertal boys about to undergo HSCT, immature testicular tissue freezing should be discussed, even though this technique is still experimental.","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute dual therapeutic effects of the BKCa channel opener LDD175 on erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in chronic pelvic ischemia: a preliminary study. BKCa通道开启剂LDD175对慢性盆腔缺血患者勃起功能障碍和下尿路症状的急性双重治疗作用：初步研究

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.4103/aja202522

Jiwoong Yu, Mee Ree Chae, Deok Hyun Han, Su Jeong Kang, Jimin Shin, Hyun Hwan Sung

{"title":"Acute dual therapeutic effects of the BKCa channel opener LDD175 on erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in chronic pelvic ischemia: a preliminary study.","authors":"Jiwoong Yu, Mee Ree Chae, Deok Hyun Han, Su Jeong Kang, Jimin Shin, Hyun Hwan Sung","doi":"10.4103/aja202522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202522","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have revealed a significant relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), both of which commonly affect middle-aged and older men. These conditions share underlying causes, particularly endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and chronic pelvic ischemia (CPI). This study investigated the therapeutic potential of LDD175, a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BKCa channel) opener, in simultaneously treating both conditions using a CPI animal model of male Sprague Dawley rats. Our study investigated the induction of CPI through surgical endothelial damage combined with a high-cholesterol diet. We assessed erectile and voiding functions by measuring intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and intraurethral pressure (IUP), respectively, after nerve stimulation. We performed histological examinations of vascular changes and western blot analyses of cavernous and prostate tissues to understand the underlying mechanisms. This study evaluated the effectiveness of LDD175 compared to standard treatments, such as sildenafil for ED and tamsulosin for LUTS. Therefore, the CPI model successfully demonstrated ED and LUTS symptoms with decreased ICP and increased IUP. Analysis revealed elevated levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor-β1 and β2 in cavernous tissue, and increased α1A-adrenoceptor expression in prostate tissue. LDD175 administration showed promising results, with dose-dependent improvements in ICP and IUP, and therapeutic effects comparable to those of established treatments. Our findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach that can simultaneously address ED and LUTS, opening new possibilities for clinical application in the treatment of these interconnected conditions.","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between metabolic parameters and erection in erectile dysfunction patients with hyperuricemia. 高尿酸血症伴勃起功能障碍患者的代谢参数与勃起的关系。

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.4103/aja202516

Guo-Wei Du, Pei-Ning Niu, Zhao-Xu Yang, Xing-Hao Zhang, Jin-Chen He, Tao Liu, Yan Xu, Jian-Huai Chen, Yun Chen

{"title":"Association between metabolic parameters and erection in erectile dysfunction patients with hyperuricemia.","authors":"Guo-Wei Du, Pei-Ning Niu, Zhao-Xu Yang, Xing-Hao Zhang, Jin-Chen He, Tao Liu, Yan Xu, Jian-Huai Chen, Yun Chen","doi":"10.4103/aja202516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aja202516","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between hyperuricemia (HUA) and erectile dysfunction (ED) remains inadequately understood. Given that HUA is often associated with various metabolic disorders, this study aims to explore the multivariate linear impacts of metabolic parameters on erectile function in ED patients with HUA. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving 514 ED patients with HUA in the Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Nanjing, China), aged 18 to 60 years. General demographic information, medical history, and laboratory results were collected to assess metabolic disturbances. Sexual function was evaluated using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Based on univariate analysis, variables associated with IIEF-5 scores were identified, and the correlations between them were evaluated. The effects of these variables on IIEF-5 scores were further explored by multiple linear regression models. Fasting plasma glucose ( β = -0.628, P < 0.001), uric acid ( β = -0.552, P < 0.001), triglycerides ( β = -0.088, P = 0.047), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( β = -0.164, P = 0.027), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; β = -0.562, P = 0.012), and smoking history ( β = -0.074, P = 0.037) exhibited significant negative impacts on erectile function. The coefficient of determination ( R2 ) for the model was 0.239, and the adjusted R2 was 0.230, indicating overall statistical significance ( F -statistic = 26.52, P < 0.001). Metabolic parameters play a crucial role in the development of ED. Maintaining normal metabolic indices may aid in the prevention and improvement of erectile function in ED patients with HUA.","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to choose duration of additional androgen deprivation therapy with salvage radiation therapy: short, long, more, or none? 如何选择补救性放射治疗辅助雄激素剥夺治疗的持续时间：短，长，长，或无？

Asian journal of andrology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.4103/aja202521

Jeanny B Aragon-Ching

引用次数: 0