Asian journal of andrology最新文献

{"title":"Are men aware of normal penile length and sexual function? A narrative review of the literature.","authors":"Yoonus Faizal, Winston Wu, Vincent Chan, Glenn Duns, Kathryn M Schubach, Darren J Katz","doi":"10.4103/aja202572","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Men frequently present to their health practitioners with concerns that they are not \"normal\" in the domains of sexual anatomy and function. This narrative review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on the general male population's perception of normative sexual anatomy (penile length) and function (erectile and ejaculatory function). A structured literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, limited to English language studies that involved adult participants from non-medical backgrounds. Of the 1098 studies identified, only seven met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, indicating an insufficiency in research directly addressing men's perceptions of normative sexual anatomy and function. The studies included in this review found that there was an inaccurate understanding of what empirically constitutes \"normal\". Men considered above-average penis lengths to be common and perceived themselves as \"small\" despite being within the normal range. They tended to overestimate typical intercourse durations and were inaccurate in self-diagnosing ejaculatory dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. The inability to differentiate normal and abnormal sexual function reflects a poor understanding of what constitutes normal. These findings may inform future research and provide guidance for educating clinicians and the public to improve sexual health.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"223-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methamphetamine-induced inhibition of Mettl21c in undifferentiated spermatogonia impairs male fertility in mice.","authors":"Xue-Heng Zhao, Dai Zhou, Shuang Lu, Wei-Tao Yan, Li-Qing Fan","doi":"10.4103/aja202558","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic methamphetamine (Meth) exposure has been recognized as a critical risk factor for male reproductive dysfunction, yet its mechanistic underpinnings remain elusive. This study elucidates the molecular pathways through which Meth compromises spermatogenesis in a murine model. Male mice subjected to 15 days of chronic Meth administration presented severe testicular atrophy, characterized by seminiferous epithelial disorganization and diminished sperm reserves in both the testes and epididymides. Quantitative assessments revealed marked reductions in sperm motility and increased tail abnormalities. Transcriptomic profiling revealed significant down-regulation of methyltransferase-like 21C ( Mettl21c ), an undifferentiated spermatogonial-enriched methyltransferase, within pathways governing germ cell differentiation. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed predominant Mettl21c colocalization with undifferentiated spermatogonial marker ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (Uchl1), with minimal overlap in tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (Kit) positive differentiated populations. In vitro suppression of Mettl21c in C18-4 lines triggered proliferation arrest and increased apoptosis. These findings establish Mettl21c as a pivotal mediator of Meth-induced spermatogenic failure through spermatogonial maintenance pathways. Our work provides novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of drug-associated male infertility and identifies Mettl21c as a potential therapeutic target for preserving fertility in substance abuse cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"267-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Gleason scores: compelling observations amid methodological complexity.","authors":"Raeesa Islam, David M Golombos, Saum Ghodoussipour","doi":"10.4103/aja202579","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction note: The calcium-sensing receptor participates in testicular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.","authors":"Wei-Yuan Kong, Li-Quan Tong, Hai-Jun Zhang, Yong-Gang Cao, Gong-Chen Wang, Jin-Zhi Zhu, Feng Zhang, Xue-Ying Sun, Tie-Hui Zhang, Lin-Lin Zhang","doi":"10.4103/aja2025121","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja2025121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":"28 3","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and genetic analysis of androgen receptor gene variants in 30 prepubertal patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome.","authors":"Jia-Nan Li, Jiang Wei, Jing Hui, Zi-Xuan Wang, Ji-Yun Yang","doi":"10.4103/aja202578","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [OMIM; #300068]) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the androgen receptor (AR) gene located in the Xq11-q13 region. In this retrospective study of 30 patients with AIS, next-generation sequencing identified 24 variants in AR, including 20 missense, 1 nonsense, and 3 splice-site variants. Seven novel variants were detected in 8 patients. Of the 24 variants, 15 were classified as likely pathogenic, 8 as pathogenic, and 1 as of uncertain significance. Variants included 5 de novo and 24 familial cases. These AR variants were predominantly located in the functional domains, with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) harboring 10 variants, the DNA-binding domain (DBD) harboring 5 variants, the N-terminal domain (NTD) harboring 2 variants, and the hinge region (HR) harboring 1 variant. The highest variant detection rate occurred in exon 5 (11/30), followed by exon 3 (9/30). These findings advance our understanding of genotype including 20 missense, 1 nonsense, and 3 splice-site variants through the identification of 7 novel variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"335-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional and epigenetic changes associated with lead exposure in spermatozoa.","authors":"Xu Zhang, Xiao-Rong Shen, Bin Wu, Xue-Mei Wang, Hui-Juan Shi, Tian-Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.4103/aja202563","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead (Pb) exposure is a risk factor of male infertility, while the transcriptional and epigenetic changes associated with lead exposure in spermatozoa are poorly understood. Our previous findings revealed significant changes in DNA methylation of the calcium (Ca) homeostasis pathway of human spermatozoa in men with a blood Pb level over 5 µg dl -1 , which was associated with decreased sperm motility. In this study, we explored the effects of Pb exposure on expression of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) by analyzing semen samples from six healthy, non-smoking, and non-drinking men (aged 20-40 years). Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we compared DNA methylation and RNA abundance patterns between two groups: three men with blood Pb level 0-2.5 µg dl -1 and three men with blood Pb level 5-10 µg dl -1 . Additionally, we experimentally validated the regulatory function of the differentially methylated regions associated with 11 hub genes using dual-luciferase reporter assays. We revealed differences in promoter activity between methylated and unmethylated promoter regions of seven cloned genes, namely calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H ( CACNA1H ), calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 G ( CACNA1G ), calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 I ( CACNA1I ), calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma ( CAMK2G ), ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca² + transporting 3 ( ATP2A3 ), solute carrier family 8 member A2 ( SLC8A2 ), and glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D ( GRIN2D ). Our results of Pb exposure-induced expression changes of essential genes associated with the calcium signaling pathway, particularly CACNA1H , SLC8A2, and GRIN2D , in spermatozoa, may be a potential cause of low sperm quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"297-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of individualized surgical strategies for pediatric hypospadias: a multicenter penile morphometric analysis.","authors":"Yi-Wei Fang, Hong-Cheng Song, Yun-Man Tang, Lu-Gang Huang, Yi Yang, Min Chao, Hong Ma, Jing-Ti Zhang, Xu-Hui Zhang, Shou-Lin Li, Ning Li, Chao Chen, Da-Wei He, Wen-Bo Wu, Hua Xie, Yong Guan, Yan-Fang Yang, Jian-Guo Zhang","doi":"10.4103/aja202571","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This multicenter study aimed to establish a quantitative, individualized surgical decision algorithm for pediatric hypospadias by analyzing multicenter penile anatomical data, surgical approaches, and follow-up outcomes. To achieve this purpose, clinical data from 1500 primary hypospadias cases across 17 tertiary centers in China (December 2018 to September 2021) were retrospectively reviewed, with patients stratified into urethral plate preservation group ( n = 715) and transection group ( n = 785). Using multivariate logistic regression, key predictors for intraoperative urethral plate transection were identified, and morphometric parameters were analyzed to guide surgical selection. This analysis led to the development of a predictive nomogram and risk stratification thresholds, which were subsequently validated. The results demonstrated that significant predictors of transection included glans length (odds ratio [OR]: 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.29), glans width (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.29-0.43), and penile curvature (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.08), with the nomogram showing excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.914 in training and 0.87 in validation). Furthermore, for urethral plate preservation, a urethral plate width threshold of 4.25 mm differentiated optimal candidates for tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (width ≥4.25 mm) versus onlay island flap (width <4.25 mm). Notably, in transected cases, a urethral defect length of >3.55 cm was associated with higher complication rates in single-stage repairs (45.8% vs 33.4%, P < 0.05), favoring staged approaches. This algorithm integrates preoperative morphometrics and intraoperative measurements to provide objective, quantifiable guidance for individualized surgical planning, particularly benefiting less experienced surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPACA4 regulates the structure and molecular basis of spermatid maturation and ultimately affects sperm quality in mice.","authors":"Xu Chen, Hai-Qian Wu, Dan-Yang Wan, Xiang-Zheng Zhang, Xin-Li Zhou, Xue-Jiang Guo, Hui Zhu","doi":"10.4103/aja202553","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sperm quality is crucial for sperm function and can even affect embryo quality and offspring health. Spermatid maturation is extremely complex, as spermatids undergo morphological changes, laying the foundation for the execution of sperm function. The function of sperm acrosome-associated 4 (SPACA4) in spermatogenesis is not well known. The present study revealed that SPACA4 was specifically expressed in the acrosomes and cytoplasm of mouse spermatids. Spaca4 knockout mice demonstrated that the loss of SPACA4 led to male subfertility. The quality of mature sperm was abnormal in Spaca4 -/- mice, manifested by decreased motility and multiple deformities. Spaca4 -/- sperm exhibited irregular nuclear shapes, abnormal nuclei with vacuoles, missing or incompletely fused acrosomes, and multiple cross-sections enclosed in the same sperm cell membrane. Electron microscopy and molecular expression analyses of testicles revealed that the loss of SPACA4 affected the differentiation of the acrosome, acroplaxome, and manchette, resulting in abnormalities in nuclear elongation, chromatin condensation, and flagellar development. Interestingly, SPACA4 did not regulate spermiogenesis via the acetylcholine signaling pathway. Analysis of the differential protein expression profile revealed that the expression of 9 proteins was significantly decreased in Spaca4 -/- spermatids. A decreased protein, transformation-related protein 53 target 5 (TRP53TG5), was knocked down in spermatids and found that the phenotype was consistent with Spaca4 knockout mice. These results revealed that the absence of SPACA4 leads to abnormal spermatid maturation and affects sperm quality in mice. Abnormal sperm quality in Spaca4 -/- mice results in decreased sperm capacitation and a decreased acrosome response, ultimately affecting the fertility of male mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"310-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current risk factors for male infertility and semen parameters: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","authors":"Qi-Hao Wang, Jian-Jun Ye, Ze-Yu Chen, Chi-Chen Zhang, Xin-Yang Liao, Lei Zheng, Kai Chen, Xiang Tu, Liang-Ren Liu, Qiang Wei, Yi-Ge Bao","doi":"10.4103/aja202552","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility poses a substantial healthcare challenge and severely impacts the lives of patients. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for infertility and abnormal semen parameters. We conducted a comprehensive search of the articles published in Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase databases from January 2000 to February 2025. Infertility, semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm morphology, sperm motility, and sperm progressive motility were used as endpoints to evaluate the relevance of risk factors. A total of 43 studies were included, covering 67 risk factors associated with infertility and abnormal sperm parameters. A total of 249 effect sizes were scored individually using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool, of which 136 (54.6%) were classified as \"very low\", 59 (23.7%) as \"low\", and 54 (21.7%) as \"moderate\". Suffering from type 1 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hyperthyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic prostatitis, and leukocytospermia may increase the risk of abnormal semen parameters. Poor lifestyle habits (obesity, sleep disorders, and smoking), exposure to pollutants and various compounds (carbon disulfide, organophosphates, and lead), the use of medications (sulfasalazine, mesalazine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), and even some viral infections (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis viruses) were associated with decreased semen quality. Regular physical exercise, nut consumption, and adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may reverse this process. An increasing number of factors are associated with infertility; however, some of the aforementioned studies lack verification of causal relationships. Future studies need to be well designed to further confirm these relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"284-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary isoflavone concentrations and semen parameters of Japanese men seeking fertility treatment.","authors":"Shoko Konishi, Yuki Mizuno, Kazumitsu Yamasaki, Masahiro Uchida, Teruaki Iwamoto","doi":"10.4103/aja202566","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aja202566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyze the associations between urinary genistein, daidzein, and equol concentrations and semen parameters in Japanese men exposed to high levels of isoflavone in their diet. Between September 2020 and March 2021, men seeking fertility treatment (n = 157) at Sanno Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) and Tsukuba Gakuen Hospital (Ibaraki, Japan) provided spot urine and semen specimens on the same day. Sperm concentration, sperm count, and total sperm motility were quantified. Urinary isoflavones were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and adjusted for specific gravity. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) total sperm count and concentration were 112 × 10 6 (50 × 10 6 , 221 × 10 6 ) and 39 × 10 6 (17 × 10 6 , 72 × 10 6 ) ml -1 , respectively. Men in the second, third, and fourth quartile of urinary daidzein concentration had -40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -59%, -13%), -37% (95% CI: -56%, -9%), and -32% (95% CI: -53%, -3%) low sperm count, respectively, than those in the lowest quartile. Men in the second, third, and fourth quartile of urinary genistein concentration had -23% (95% CI: -47%, 12%), -50% (95% CI: -66%, -26%), and -29% (95% CI: -51%, 3%) low sperm count than those in the lowest quartile, respectively. Sperm count showed no association with urinary equol concentration ( P > 0.05). No associations were observed between urinary isoflavones and total sperm motility. A higher isoflavone intake may be associated with reduced sperm concentration and count. The effect of these alterations in semen parameters on the fecundity of couples trying to conceive remains unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":93889,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"252-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}