Carbon Capture Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"A review on assessing innovative materials and technologies for carbon dioxide conversion to valuables","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a ubiquitous molecule that is essential for the existence of life on Earth. However, the ever-increasing anthropogenic CO₂ emissions in the environment have resulted in global warming-via-climate change. CO₂ is an inexpensive substrate that can be utilized to produce fuels and value-added chemicals through numerous chemical and biological processes to boost the circular economy with a negative carbon cycle in the future. Conventional technologies practiced capturing CO₂ suffer from several limitations, such as high capital costs, high energy input, complicated designs, CO₂ leakage, and kinetic limitations in various steps. To offset these limitations and negative impacts, this study assessed the emerging CO₂ capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies in value-added products that can boost the nation's economy and lower energy consumption while preserving global environmental quality. Various emerging CCS technologies, such as heterogeneous catalytic conversion, plasma technology, photocatalytic conversion, and other technologies (electrochemical or electrocatalysis, photoelectrochemical, thermo-catalysis, and biochemical and radiolysis), were discussed for efficient utilization and transformation of CO₂. In addition, it also explored how the various transformation technologies affected the characteristics, economic value, and quality of value-added chemicals/fuels. This review also covered environmental and economic implications from scientific perspectives, and lastly, the future outlook and associated challenges were discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277265682400099X/pdfft?md5=86ce1f6eeffab40e5e339c8112393eaf&pid=1-s2.0-S277265682400099X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of spent catalysts from catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste as solid functional materials","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastic consumption has surged due to population growth and shifts in consumer behavior. Upcycling aims to address plastic waste by finding innovative reuse strategies. By integrating waste plastic into new products and materials, upcycling supports a more sustainable and environmentally friendly economic model. This reduces the overall environmental footprint, including CO₂ emissions, associated with plastic consumption. Moreover, converting plastic waste into carbon nanotubes, can effectively sequester carbon. This means that carbon is captured and stored in a stable form, preventing its release into the atmosphere as CO₂. This contributes directly to reducing net emissions. Recent interest in upcycling strategies includes producing target-oriented catalysts to reform plastic waste into carbon nanotubes embedded spent catalysts, offering potential for various applications. However, research in this area is scattered and lacks comprehensive conclusions. This review critically examines the use of spent catalysts from plastic waste pyrolysis and identifies their suitability for practical applications. It suggests focusing on the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste for target-oriented catalysts, as they offer good hydrogen yield and post-pyrolysis use in targeted applications. The unique structure of these catalysts enhances performance compared to commercial alternatives, but post-treatment is crucial to remove impurities for optimal performance. The upcycling of plastic waste into CNTs-metal composites substantially contributes to Sustainable Development Goals 7, 9, 12 and 13, by taking action to combat climate change and by guaranteeing access to affordable, clean, and sustainable energy. This review aims to be helpful for researchers who are currently new to the topic and want to continue research in this domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000976/pdfft?md5=2563c05b5f50ddb3fca43f361df1c46b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000976-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ether chain-modified Alkanolguanidine for CO2 capture and subsequent conversion","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capturing CO₂ and converting it into valuable chemicals has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Herein, a kind of ether chain-modified alkanolguanidines (ECMAs) was designed and synthesized as a dual functional reagent for carbon dioxide capture and conversion. Due to the presence of basic sites and CO₂-philic ether chains, these ECMAs demonstrated almost equimolar CO₂ capture at room temperature and atmospheric pressure through the synergy of physical and chemical absorption. Even for diluted CO₂ (15 % CO₂), 0.7 mol CO₂ per mole capture reagent can still be achieved, showing their potential application in post-combustion capture. The synthesized ECMAs can also serve as catalyst in the cycloaddition reaction of CO₂ with various epoxides, affording 75–99 % yield of corresponding cyclic carbonates under 3 MPa CO₂ with tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as co-catalyst. Moreover, these ECMAs can be applied to the integrated CO₂ capture and conversion, in which the ECMAs can react with CO₂, forming the alkyl carbonate zwitterion as active CO₂ species in the capture step. And in the subsequent cycloaddition reaction with propylene oxide, 52 % yield of propylene carbonate was obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000964/pdfft?md5=a4e0d950975545fe40fae3c3a1b9166e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000964-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mitigation of carbon deposition for Ni-based catalyst in CO2 reforming of methane: A combined experimental and DFT study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dry reforming of CH₄ (DRM) reaction can simultaneously convert two greenhouse gases CO₂ and CH₄ into high valued syngas. Nickel-based catalysts have been widely studied because of the low cost and high activity. However, carbon deposition making the deactivation of Ni-based catalyst is the main challenges for DRM reaction. This review illustrates DRM reaction mechanism and the causes of carbon deposition, as well as the resistance strategies of carbon deposition for Ni-based catalyst. The deposited carbon can be restrained by adjusting the size of Ni particles, introduction of promoters, reasonable design of support, controlling the reaction process and employing the confinement effect of the catalysts. The valuable insights are garnered for the further augmentation and optimization of the anti-carbon performance of catalysts by DFT and microkinetic. This work provides a tutorial for designing Ni-based catalysts with high anti-carbon deposition properties for DRM reaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000988/pdfft?md5=181ff1ae04cdf3d365c16d3cf7543e91&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000988-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary challenges in bio-energy carbon capture utilization & storage deployment: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bioenergy with Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (BECCUS) is an innovative technology that has the potential to contribute significantly to global climate change mitigation efforts by simultaneously removing atmospheric carbon dioxide through the process of biomass growth and combustion and generating sustainable energy in the form of electricity or fuel. This study systematically reviews existing research literature to identify the strengths and barriers to implementing BECCUS technology and explore potential countermeasures. The review revealed that BECCUS faces technological, socio-behavioral, policy-related, and financial issues that hinder its large-scale application. To address these challenges, the study highlights the need for further research to upscale BECCUS technology, dialogue, and participation among relevant stakeholders to improve public acceptance, and reforms to address regulatory bottlenecks in BECCUS project policies. The findings suggest that a multi-faceted approach, involving stakeholder engagement and policy reforms, is necessary to create an environment that fosters the advancement of current BECCUS technology and its optimal use in combating climate change, underlining the broader significance of this technology in the pursuit of a sustainable future. Effective stakeholder engagement can help identify and address the social, economic, and environmental concerns related to BECCUS, while targeted policy reforms can provide the necessary incentives and regulatory framework to support the development and deployment of this BECCUS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000952/pdfft?md5=2aaf9f00081fd74d7a7c10f703316005&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000952-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable protic ionic liquid catalysts for the efficient one-step synthesis of isosorbide-based polycarbonates","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using CO₂-derived dimethyl carbonate (DMC) instead of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) as a carbonyl source for synthesizing bio-based polycarbonates is a green and cost-effective route. However, the synthesis of high-performance polycarbonates via the DMC route remains challenging due to the poor reactivity and selectivity of DMC compared to DPC. Herein, we designed a series of highly active protic ionic liquid (PIL) catalysts for the synthesis of poly(isosorbide carbonate) (PIC) from DMC with ISB. The influences of the structures of anion and cation on the catalytic activity of PILs were systematically studied. Compared with the reported aprotic IL catalysts, the unique reactive hydrogen of the cation in PILs could form a strong hydrogen bond interaction with the carbonyl group of DMC, resulting in higher reactivity of the carbonyl carbon of DMC. Moreover, the nucleophilicity of the anion could be easily tuned by adjusting the p<em>K</em>_a value, which effectively realized the balance of the reactivity difference between <em>exo</em>-OH and <em>endo</em>-OH in ISB. Among them, [DBUH][Im] showed the highest catalytic activity, and the weight-average molecular weight (<em>M</em>_w) and glass transition temperature of PIC reached 55,700 g/mol and 160 °C, respectively. Combined with NMR analyses and DFT calculations, the mechanism that exhibited the synergetic catalytic effect of anion-cation for the polymerization of DMC and ISB was presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000939/pdfft?md5=468211dbb1e6db40cc798dfe2b9cca2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000939-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142049550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the reaction mechanism and kinetics of limestone hydrogenation by micro fluidized bed: Effect of H2 concentration and natural limestone","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Limestone decomposition is the first step in cement production, which produces a significant amount of CO₂ and poses a significant challenge to achieve carbon neutrality. Hydrogenation of limestone can produce CO or CH₄ instead of CO₂, which can be considered as a new way of carbon capture, making it a promising method for carbon emission reduction. In this work, pure CaCO₃ and several natural limestone samples were hydrolyzed under varying H₂ concentration using a micro fluidized bed (MFB) reactor combined with online mass spectrometry to reveal the mechanism and kinetics of limestone hydrogenation.</p><p>The main gases produced by hydrogenation at 1 atm are CO and CO₂. The CO₂ comes from the calcination of CaCO₃. The CO comes from 2 steps: the first step is the in-situ hydrogenation of CaCO₃ and the second step is the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction. The activation energy (Ea) of CO₂ formation in H₂ atmosphere is lower than in Ar atmosphere. However, there is no obvious effect of different H₂ concentrations on the Ea of CO₂ formation. The Ea of CO in situ formation is 72.70 KJ/mol, 54.53 KJ/mol, 71.34 KJ/mol and 60.29 KJ/mol in 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% H₂ atmosphere, respectively. The H₂ concentration also has no significant effect on the in-situ CO evolution. However, the H₂ concentration can affect the Ea of CO produced by RWGS. The Ea is 75.67 KJ/mol, 167.59 KJ/mol and 221.47 KJ/mol in 10%, 30% and 50% H₂ atmosphere, and this reaction doesn't occur in 70% H₂ atmosphere. Compared with the pure CaCO₃, the hydrogenation of limestone can produce more CO and less CO₂. In limestone, impurity elements are the main factor affecting the reaction kinetics. Transition metals can increase the rate of CO₂ production, but have no apparent effect on CO. The CO₂ yield of high impurity limestone is higher than that of limestone with low impurities. Transition metals can also reduce the Ea of CO₂ formation and the RWGS reaction. In the 50% H₂ atmosphere, the Ea of CO₂ formation is 88.87 KJ/mol and the Ea of CO from RWGS is 137.60 KJ/mol. However, under the same conditions, the Ea of pure CaCO₃ is 126.91 KJ/mol and 221.47 KJ/mol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000836/pdfft?md5=055744661ea5d7553e1b58887d705764&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000836-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(ionic liquid) composite membranes bearing different anions as biocatalytic membranes for CO2 capture","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) has gainned considerable attention from the literature and the industry in the context of CO₂ capture. CA immobilization in gas-liquid membrane contactors, and more specifically, on poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) composite membranes has been demonstrated to be a potential strategy to facilitate its industrial implementation. These membranes were comprised of a PIL layer coating on a porous hydrophobic polymeric support. In this work, the composition of the PIL layer was tuned by anion exchange to yield a variety of enzyme carriers. The following anions were compared: bromide [Br], acetate [Ac], tetrafluoroborate [BF₄], and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf₂]. The surface morphology, chemistry, and properties of these composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, ATR-FTIR, and water contact angle. The activity of the different biocatalytic composite membranes was determined by the p-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis model reaction. It was found that the anion exchange salts had a detrimental effect on the immobilized enzyme activity. In light of these results, the enzyme immobilization step was conducted after anion exchange. The resulting biocatalytic membranes displayed slight differences in immobilized enzyme activities and thermal stabilities following the order [Br]&gt;[BF₄]&gt;[Ac]&gt;[NTf₂] and [BF₄]&gt;[Br]≈[Ac]&gt;[NTf₂], respectively. The differences were more pronounced and detrimental for the most hydrophobic anion, [NTf₂]. Parallel trends were noted when the membranes were tested for CO₂ absorption in a gas-liquid membrane contactor set-up suggesting that the CO₂ mass transfer is strongly influenced by the activity of the immobilized enzymes. In addition, the effect of the absorption conditions, i.e., solvent flow rate, solvent saturation, and solvent concentration were evaluated. Under the best conditions, the novel biocatalytic membranes outperformed the commercial PVDF support by about a factor of 4 in terms of overall mass transfer coefficient. Such improvement would result in significant reductions in the required membrane area to capture CO₂ by a gas-liquid membrane contactor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000812/pdfft?md5=c4ec04e73c2a59e0eb4a54d62d2ca500&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000812-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuum assisted desorption of sodium zirconate sorbent for enhancing cyclic stability in pre-combustion CO2 capture","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sodium zirconate (Na₂ZrO₃) is a promising material for pre-combustion CO₂ capture due to its fast sorption kinetics and excellent cyclic stability at high temperatures under ideal condition (desorption in 100% N₂). Still, there is a lack of study on the performance of Na₂ZrO₃ cyclic capture under harsh condition (desorption in high concentration CO₂). In this study, Na₂ZrO₃ was prepared by wet-mixing and heated-drying, and the difference in the cyclic CO₂ capture performance of the sample was compared between desorption under harsh condition and vacuum condition. The crystal structure of Na₂ZrO₃ was identified during the sorption-desorption cycles. The crystal structure was also modeled and simulated to analyze the reason for the superior capture performance from the monoclinic Na₂ZrO₃. It was found that the special interlocked and multilayered stacked structure of the monoclinic Na₂ZrO₃ allowed for high reactivity with CO₂. It was found that high temperature solely had little help in the desorption of Na₂ZrO₃ under harsh condition, but vacuum condition promoted desorption of Na₂ZrO₃ in high fraction CO₂, and vacuum desorption at 1000 °C-1050 °C resulted in Na₂ZrO₃ with both good capture performance and cycling stability. Vacuum desorption led to more complete reversion of Na₂ZrO₃ to the monoclinic state, benefiting for CO₂ capture. This study attempted to simulate the harsh capture environments of real industrial applications and to explore the possibility of Na₂ZrO₃ as a carbon capture material for pre-combustion capture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000897/pdfft?md5=cc7b20c2ed225f2ebcbdc4f175db6ee8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000897-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethyleneimine coated AgInS2 quantum dots for efficient CO2 photoreduction to C2H6","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum dots exhibit great potential in photocatalytic CO₂ conversion into value-added fuels to achieve a carbon-neutral society, owing to their unique optical properties and tunable surface chemistry. However, the generation of multi-carbon hydrocarbon products remains a grand challenge. Herein, polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated AgInS₂ quantum dots (AgInS₂@PEI QDs) are designed for the photo-catalytic conversion of CO₂ to C₂ products. It is found that the yield and selectivity of C₂H₆ can be significantly enhanced by regulating the content of Ag and PEI in AgInS₂@PEI QDs. Under the optimal conditions, C₂H₆ yield reaches 63 μmol g^-1, and the electron selectivity is 30.3 %. A mechanistic study reveals that PEI effectively promotes the accumulation of photogenerated electrons, and the CO-enriched local environment caused by Ag boosts C<img>C coupling on asymmetric bimetallic sites. This work offers new insight on the design of efficient quantum dot photocatalysts for CO₂ conversion to C₂ products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000848/pdfft?md5=573f56abdb40eb17fc84f564b6c9d7a6&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000848-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}