Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme最新文献

{"title":"Pre-exercise ingestion of a low glycaemic index rice-based mixed meal increases fat oxidation and endurance running performance in a hot-humid environment.","authors":"Zaini Bahari, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Nik Shanita Safii, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0219","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relative to exercise in a thermoneutral environment, there is only limited evidence demonstrating that a low glycaemic index (LGI) pre-exercise meal can enhance endurance exercise performance in a hot-humid (HH) condition. Also, previous studies predominantly utilised Western-based and single food items, with minimal focus on Asian-based mixed meals. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-exercise LGI and high glycaemic index (HGI) rice-based mixed meals on endurance performance among acclimatised trained athletes in HH condition (32 °C, 65% relative humidity). Twelve native-born endurance-trained male runners (age 22.0 ± 5.8 years; peak oxygen consumption (V̇O_2peak) 64.2 ± 5.5 mL kg^-1 min^-1) completed two trials consisting of 45 min steady-state (SS) run at 70% V̇O_2peak followed by 10 km performance run (TT_10km). Three hours before exercise, participants consumed an isocaloric rice-based mixed meals containing either LGI (GI value = 47) or HGI (GI value = 80), providing 1.3 g of carbohydrate (CHO) per kg of body mass. Participants ran faster during TT_10 km after consuming the LGI meal compared to the HGI meal (LGI: 55.18 ± 1.22 vs. HGI: 57.03 ± 2.25 min, <i>p</i> = 0.010). End rectal temperature did not significantly differ between trials (LGI: 39.16 ± 0.74 vs. HGI: 38.95 ± 0.46 °C, <i>p</i> = 0.352). Fat oxidation was higher during the SS run in the LGI compared to the HGI trial (LGI: 0.19 ± 0.05 vs. HGI: 0.13 ± 0.19 g min^-1, <i>p</i> = 0.001). This study demonstrated that, relative to HGI, consuming a pre-exercise LGI rice-based mixed meal enhanced endurance performance in HH environment among acclimatised trained male athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of the effects of dairy products with their plant-based alternatives on metabolic responses in healthy young Canadian adults: a randomized crossover study.","authors":"Nicole Da Silva, G Harvey Anderson, Amira M Amr, Shirley Vien, Hrvoje Fabek","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0158","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based food demand is rapidly increasing. However, the metabolic responses of plant proteins within their commercially available form remain unclear. Two randomized crossover experiments compared plant-based alternatives to dairy on postprandial glycemia, metabolic hormones, and appetite before and after a fixed-size (12 kcal/kg body weight) pasta meal in sixteen healthy young adults (eight males and eight females). In experiment 1, participants (22.8 ± 2.3 year) consumed one serving of Greek yogurt (175 g), cheddar cheese (30 g), plant-based cheese (30 g), or plant-based yogurt (175 g). In experiment 2, participants (22.3 ± 2.4 year) consumed one serving (250 mL) of cow's milk, vanilla soy beverage or vanilla almond beverage, and (30 g) of cheddar cheese or plant-based cheese. Blood glucose, insulin, and appetite were measured at baseline, post-treatment, and following a fixed-size pasta meal (post-meal) within 15-30 min. In experiment 2, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and ghrelin were measured. Greek yogurt and cheddar cheese lowered post-meal blood glucose more than their plant-based alternatives (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and post-treatment blood glucose was higher following almond beverage than cheddar cheese and plant-based cheese (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In experiment 1, post-treatment insulin was higher after Greek yogurt than cheddar cheese and plant-based cheese and all treatments post-meal (<i>p</i> < 0.02). Post-meal appetite was lower after plant-based yogurt than cheddar cheese and plant-based cheese (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In experiment 2, post-treatment insulin was higher after almond beverage compared to all treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and post-meal GLP-1 was higher after milk than almond beverage (<i>p</i> = 0.03). We conclude that the physiological functionality of plant-based alternatives as measured by blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and GLP-1 did not replicate the metabolic functions of dairy products. Clinical trial registry number: http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04600128 and NCT05919667).</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leg fat-free mass and inter-limb leg fat-free mass asymmetry comparisons between bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in male career firefighters.","authors":"Nicholas A Buoncristiani, Gena R Gerstner, Megan R Laffan, Abigail J Trivisonno, Hayden K Giuliani-Dewig, Jacob A Mota, Amber N Schmitz, Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Eric D Ryan","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2025-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare dominant and non-dominant leg fat-free mass (FFM) estimations and inter-limb leg FFM asymmetry detection between multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in career firefighters. Sixty-one male career firefighters (age = 31.9 ± 7.4 years; stature = 179.0 ± 7.6 cm; body mass = 89.9 ± 17.4 kg) volunteered for the investigation and reported to the laboratory on one occasion. Leg FFM was estimated by measuring the conduction impedance measured through the corresponding sensing and injecting electrodes for MF-BIA and by outlining both legs into regions of interest for DXA. Inter-limb leg FFM asymmetry was calculated by subtracting the non-dominant limb FFM from the dominant limb FFM, dividing it by the dominant limb FFM, and expressed as a percentage. Asymmetry was defined as having inter-limb leg FFM asymmetry of ±3%. Paired sample <i>t</i> tests were used to examine differences in dominant and non-dominant limb FFM estimates and the McNemar's test was performed to compare inter-device frequencies of asymmetry detection. An alpha level of 0.05 was utilized a priori to determine statistical significance. Results indicated that MF-BIA significantly underestimated FFM for both the dominant (mean difference = 2.00 kg; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and non-dominant (mean difference = 1.97 kg; <i>P</i> < 0.001) limbs compared to DXA. Additionally, MF-BIA detected significantly (<i>P</i> = 0.004) fewer cases (two) of inter-limb leg FFM asymmetry when compared to DXA (12-cases). Although MF-BIA may be a practical field assessment to track whole-body and segmental-body compositional changes over time, it may not be as sensitive as DXA to identify inter-limb leg asymmetries in career firefighters.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of phase duration and waveform on the relative recruitment of motor and sensory axons in a human peripheral nerve.","authors":"João Luiz Quaglioti Durigan, Brendan C Kelly, Rochelle Rocha Costa, Monika Dyjak, David F Collins","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0469","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrical stimulation can be used to stimulate human peripheral nerves, for some applications sensory axons are the targets, for others the targets are motor axons. Presently, we assessed the influence of two stimulus parameters, phase duration and waveform, on the relative recruitment of sensory versus motor axons. Four monophasic pulses (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ms phase durations), two square biphasic pulses (0.125 and 0.5 ms phase durations) and two sinusoidal biphasic kilohertz frequency alternating current pulses (KFAC: 0.1, 0.5 ms phase durations), were tested in twenty participants. Pulses were delivered to generate soleus M-wave versus H-reflex recruitment curves (<i>n</i> = 40 stimuli) and, in separate trials, to produce M-waves that were ∼5% of the maximal M-wave (<i>n</i> = 20 stimuli). Changes in the amplitude of H-reflexes, relative to M-waves, between pulses provided measures of the relative recruitment of sensory versus motor axons. There was a significant effect of phase duration, but not waveform, on most of outcome measures that was consistent with a preferential recruitment of sensory over motor axons when using pulses with longer phase durations. The phase duration of a stimulus pulse, but not its waveform, influenced the relative recruitment of sensory and motor axons in the human tibial nerve. For monophasic, biphasic, and sinusoidal KFAC waveforms, short phase durations preferentially target motor axons, and longer phase durations target sensory axons. Our findings may help clinicians to better understand the impact of phase duration and waveforms on ES and to design more rational stimulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion to \"An exploration of physical literacy in Masters Athletes\".","authors":"Johannes Carl, Annaleise Naylor","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2025-0133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Canadian dietitians' knowledge, attitude, and practices providing culturally safe care to Muslims who fast during the month of Ramadan: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Katherine A W Hillier, Hassan Vatanparast, Ginny Lane","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0392","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasting during Ramadan involves abstaining from food and drink from dawn to dusk for 29 to 30 days, annually. Dietitians, experts in food and nutrition, play a vital role in fostering the well-being of Canadians. Given that 1 in 20 Canadians are Muslim, access to culturally safe care is essential for their health. The consumption of adequate nutrients during the non-fasting hours is important for Muslims well-being. It is unknown whether dietitians in Canada feel comfortable and knowledgeable providing safe care during Ramadan. An online survey, was developed using the World Health Organization's Knowledge Attitude and Practice Protocol, and then reviewed for content validity by six dietitians. From 5 March 2023 to 1 April 2023, 159 Canadian dietitians, from a variety of practice areas, including acute care, community health, and private practice, completed the online survey. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, and <i>χ</i>² tests, enhanced by post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction, were employed to determine any relationship between categorical variables and identify significant associations or differences. While most participants demonstrated an adequate understanding of Ramadan fasting practices, including its duration and restrictions, 91% reported not receiving information on how to provide culturally safe care during their university degree. Many dietitians expressed discomfort providing care (43.7%, 69/158) and lacked adequate resources (51.3%, 81/158). Among the 37% of dietitians who did offer care to Muslims (58/157), the majority felt comfortable (72.1%, 44/58). This study reveals a gap in capacity to provide culturally safe care, highlighting the need for training interventions for nutrition professionals, and curriculum for dietetics programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient intakes of Canadian children and adolescents at school by meal occasion and location of food preparation.","authors":"Emily R Ziraldo, Mavra Ahmed, Christine Mulligan, Daniel W Sellen, Mary R L'Abbé","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0027","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canadian children consume a significant proportion of daily foods at school, do not benefit from any federal school food program, and have historically inadequate diets. Assessment of dietary intakes at school can inform policy discussions for the design, funding, and delivery of school-based nutrition interventions. The objectives were to examine the most recent nationally representative dietary intake data of Canadian children at school by (i) location of food preparation, (ii) meal occasion, and (iii) as a proportion of total daily intakes. Intake data from the first day 24 h dietary recalls of the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition were examined for children 4-18 years old (<i>n</i> = 1690). Intakes were reported by location of food preparation and meal occasion and were expressed as means and as a proportion of daily intake. At school, 98.6% of children consumed foods that did not require preparation, while 37.1% consumed foods prepared at home. Lunch and snacks were the meal occasions consumed most often at school, by 85.5% and 66.1% of children. Children consumed 32.6% of their daily energy intake and between 28.4% and 35.6% of daily nutrient intakes at school. School-based nutrition interventions for frequently consumed meal occasions, such as snack or lunch programs, that include foods lower in added sugar and sodium and higher in calcium, fibre, and iron may improve the health of Canadian children.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of acute hot-water immersion on force steadiness and motor unit discharge rate variability in young, healthy adults.","authors":"Patrick Rodrigues, Lucas B R Orssatto, Gabriel S Trajano, Lee Wharton, Geoffrey M Minett","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0330","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of core and muscle temperature on force steadiness and motor unit discharge rate (MUDR) variability after a hot-water immersion session. Fifteen participants (6 women; 25 ± 6 years) completed neuromuscular assessments before and after either 42 °C (hot) or 36 °C (control) water immersion. Force steadiness was measured during knee extension, while HD-sEMG signals were recorded from <i>vastus lateralis</i> and <i>medialis</i> for MUDR variability analysis. Following water immersion, force steadiness decreased by 0.11% (<i>p</i> < 0.05; <i>d</i> = 0.38) and MUDR variability increased by 1.25% (<i>p</i> < 0.01; <i>d</i> = 0.57) potentially driven by increased muscle temperature. Elevated core temperature did not further affected these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do Canadian universities suggest on their webpages as future career and educational pathways following completion of a kinesiology or exercise science undergraduate program?","authors":"Taniya S Nagpal, Hanna Randhawa, Rebecca Pallister, Jonathon R Fowles, Myles W O'Brien","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0248","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kinesiology undergraduate programs are multidisciplinary, and graduates may navigate several post-graduate education and career pathways. This study summarized the pathways currently listed online by Canadian undergraduate programs following completion of a kinesiology or \"exercise science\" degree. An environmental scan was completed by reviewing Canadian undergraduate program (<i>n</i> = 59) webpages and their list of future pathways (<i>n</i> = 845). A content analysis summarized pathways into 46 common categories. The most mentioned pathway was education (<i>n</i> = 60), with coaching, health promotion and physiotherapy next (<i>n</i> = 46-48). Additional pathways included medical, allied health professions, business, and exercise training (<i>n</i> = 24-44). Most listed pathways likely require further training post-graduation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of irisin and apelin levels with sarcopenia and body composition in community-dwelling older adults: a paired case-control study.","authors":"Liangchuan Zhang, Yating Peng, Yaling Qie, Jia Guo, Yuan Kong, Xue Zhang, Zetian Li, Hong Jia","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0473","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irisin and apelin levels continue to decrease with age, and although many previous studies have explored their association with sarcopenia and body composition, there is still a paucity of evidence relating to them in community-dwelling elderly populations. The aim of this study was to provide new evidence for the association of irisin and apelin with sarcopenia in older adults. This case-control study included 80 individuals with sarcopenia and 80 individuals without sarcopenia. The definition of sarcopenia was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Plasma levels of irisin and apelin were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. The sarcopenia group exhibited significantly lower levels of irisin (73.75 ± 30.97 ng/mL vs. 131.15 ± 88.38 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and apelin (21.51 ± 14.89 ng/mL vs. 27.87 ± 14.41 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.007) compared to the control group. Increased levels of irisin (OR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) and apelin (OR, 0.97, 95% CI, 0.95-0.99) were associated with a decreased risk of sarcopenia. In women, irisin was positively associated with body mass index, intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), total water (TW), protein, mineral, fat, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), percentage body fat, waist circumference, visceral fat area, and basal metabolic rate. Apelin was positively associated with ICW, ECW, TW, protein, and SMM (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). In men, positive correlations were found between irisin, apelin, and handgrip strength (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that irisin and apelin had moderate predictive power in identifying sarcopenia. Plasma irisin and apelin were lower than in controls in elderly patients with sarcopenia, and elevated levels of irisin and apelin were associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia. In addition, irisin and apelin levels are associated with body composition and irisin showed a stronger ability to predict sarcopenia in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}