Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme最新文献_第9页

A descriptive study of the timing and type of physical activity that is being resumed in early postpartum. 一项关于产后早期恢复体力活动的时间和类型的描述性研究。

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0283

Kelly-Anne Benoît, Audrey St-Laurent, Véronique Babineau, Stephanie-May Ruchat

{"title":"A descriptive study of the timing and type of physical activity that is being resumed in early postpartum.","authors":"Kelly-Anne Benoît, Audrey St-Laurent, Véronique Babineau, Stephanie-May Ruchat","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0283","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0283","url":null,"abstract":"Postpartum physical activity (PA) is an important component of the woman's health. Recently, more attention has been paid to develop guidance for safe return to PA after delivery, including return to running. Little is known about when women start PA after delivery and what type of PA they are practicing. The objectives were to (1) describe early postpartum PA (≤6 weeks), (2) compare women's characteristics between those who started any kind of PA and those who did not, and those who started and did not start running, and (3) explore predictors of PA and running. Ninety-one women, who were part of a longitudinal cohort study, were included. At 6 weeks postpartum, PA was assessed using a questionnaire. Predictors of PA and running were age, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, prenatal PA, gestational weight gain, prematurity, delivery mode, season, and breastfeeding. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Fischer's exact test, and logistic regression analyses were used. Eighty-five women (93%) resumed PA by 6 weeks postpartum. Walking was practiced by 92% of women for 127.0 ± 81.3 min/week. Running was the second most popular activity, practiced by 11% of women for 57.5 ± 31.8 min/week. Walking and running were started around 2.0 and 3.6 weeks after delivery, respectively. Women who delivered in spring or summer were more likely to resume PA by 6 weeks postpartum, and those who ran while pregnant had five-fold higher odds of starting to run by 6 weeks postpartum (OR:5.03, 95%CI 1.27; 19.92). These findings improve our understanding of PA practice, including running, in early postpartum.","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History and perspectives on interval training in sport, health, and disease. 间歇训练在运动、健康和疾病中的历史和前景。

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0611

Carl Foster, Arturo Casado, Daniel Bok, Peter Hofmann, Marius Bakken, Asle Tjelta, Juan Garcia Manso, Daniel Boullosa, Jos J de Koning

{"title":"History and perspectives on interval training in sport, health, and disease.","authors":"Carl Foster, Arturo Casado, Daniel Bok, Peter Hofmann, Marius Bakken, Asle Tjelta, Juan Garcia Manso, Daniel Boullosa, Jos J de Koning","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0611","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise can be conducted as low-intensity continuous training (LICT) or a variety of higher intensity work/rest formats, collectively called interval training. Interval training was developed for athletes in the early 20th century. It was systemized in Sweden as Fartlek, and in Germany as die interval Method, in the 1930s. Most contemporary forms of interval training evolved from these progenitors. In essence, interval training allows a large volume of high-intensity or race specific training to be performed while controlling the development of fatigue. Adding interval training to LICT done by athletes adds about 2%-4% to performance achievable with LICT, which represents a competitively meaningful difference in performance (e.g., 4:25 vs. 4:00 over 1 mile). More recently, interval training has been applied to health- fitness participants and even to patients with health conditions. Studies indicate that a comparatively low volume of interval training can produce substantial improvement in physiologic capacity, in as little as 20% of training time versus LICT. There are data indicating that interval training can be reasonably pleasant, have good adherence, and is safe, even in patients. Although interval training was originally designed for athletics, the fundamental patterns of work versus recovery are remarkably similar in healthy adults and patients. Although the total volume of training and both absolute and relative intensity and magnitude of homeostatic disturbance are larger in athletes, the overall pattern of effort is the same in fitness participants and patients. Interval training can thus be characterized as an important step in the evolution of exercise training.","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carnosine-enriched functional food enhances micro- and macrovascular endothelium-independent vasodilation in competitive athletes-a randomized study. 一项随机研究：富含肌肽的功能性食品增强竞技运动员的微血管和大血管内皮非依赖性血管舒张。

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0458

Leon Perić, Ines Drenjančević, Ivana Jukić, Alina Boris, Petar Šušnjara, Nikolina Kolobarić, Zrinka Mihaljević, Zlata Kralik, Gordana Kralik, Manuela Košević, Olivera Galović, Ana Stupin

{"title":"Carnosine-enriched functional food enhances micro- and macrovascular endothelium-independent vasodilation in competitive athletes-a randomized study.","authors":"Leon Perić, Ines Drenjančević, Ivana Jukić, Alina Boris, Petar Šušnjara, Nikolina Kolobarić, Zrinka Mihaljević, Zlata Kralik, Gordana Kralik, Manuela Košević, Olivera Galović, Ana Stupin","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0458","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0458","url":null,"abstract":"This randomized interventional study aimed to investigate the effect of carnosine-enriched chicken meat consumption on systemic endothelium-dependent and -independent micro- and macrovascular reactivity in thirty-five healthy competitive male athletes. Both forearm skin micro- and macrovascular endothelium-independent vasodilation were increased, and diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) were decreased in Carnosine group (n = 19) following the 3-week dietary protocol. Microvascular endothelium-dependent response (post-occlusion reactive hyperemia) was increased in the Carnosine group and significantly associated with decreased mean arterial BP level. Following dietary protocol, Controls (n = 16) had substantially higher urate (but still normal) levels than the Carnosine group. Carnosine supplementation in the form of functional food enhances endothelium-dependent and vascular smooth muscle-dependent vasodilation in peripheral micro- and microcirculation. Carnosine's effect on vascular endothelium could be attributed to its BP-lowering effect. Results suggest that carnosine has the potential to resist hyperuricemia in healthy individuals. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05723939).","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-processed food consumption: an exploration of social determinants among Black children of African and Caribbean descent in Ottawa. 超加工食品消费：在渥太华的非洲和加勒比后裔黑人儿童的社会决定因素的探索。

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0525

Valérie Levacher, Malek Batal, Isabelle Giroux, Dia Sanou, Rosanne Blanchet

{"title":"Ultra-processed food consumption: an exploration of social determinants among Black children of African and Caribbean descent in Ottawa.","authors":"Valérie Levacher, Malek Batal, Isabelle Giroux, Dia Sanou, Rosanne Blanchet","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0525","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0525","url":null,"abstract":"Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is a growing concern due to its negative impact on diet quality and health outcomes. To our knowledge, no data on UPF consumption are available for specific racial/ethnic children, including Black children, in Canada. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the social determinants of UPF consumption among Black children of African and Caribbean descent in Ottawa. It included 174 mothers born in the Caribbean or Sub-Saharan Africa and their children aged 6 to 12. A survey was administered to assess demographic and socio-economic characteristics of mothers, children, and households. Children's dietary intakes were evaluated with a 24 h dietary recall to calculate the proportion of energy from UPF according to the NOVA food classification system. ANOVA and two-step cluster analysis were performed. Identified clusters were compared using chi-square and Student's t tests. Findings indicate that children whose mothers had been living in Canada longer (p < 0.001), whose mothers were family-class immigrants (p = 0.005), and whose households were food secure (p = 0.049), consumed more UPF than their respective counterparts. Cluster analysis revealed two profiles, named settling and established, reinforcing previous associations. Children in the established profile had a mean energy intake from UPF 9% higher than those in the settling profile (p = 0.006). This study provided initial findings on the social determinants of UPF consumption among Black children of African and Caribbean descent. It suggests that immigration-related factors and household food security status shaped UPF consumption of these children.","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation of gut microbiota through physical activity in individuals with obesity-a systematic review. 肥胖症患者通过身体活动调节肠道菌群的系统综述

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0329

Javiera Cancino Ramírez, Luis González Rojas, Fabien Magne, Martin Gotteland

{"title":"Modulation of gut microbiota through physical activity in individuals with obesity-a systematic review.","authors":"Javiera Cancino Ramírez, Luis González Rojas, Fabien Magne, Martin Gotteland","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0329","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0329","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) has been associated with gut dysbiosis, changes in gastrointestinal motility and sedentary behavior, contributing to metabolic and inflammatory alterations. This systematic review aims to assess the evidence supporting the influence of physical activity and exercise on gut microbiota composition and diversity in OW/OB and was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Scopus databases. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ROBINS-I for non-RCT, and JBI Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies. Eleven studies were selected including 476 OW/OB and 382 normal weight individuals. Seven studies included different types of exercise intervention while the other four were cross-sectional studies assessing physical activity. Results show no clear evidence of a less diverse microbiota in OW/OB. Exercise does not significantly affect alpha diversity of gut microbiota but modifies beta diversity depending on OB status. Moderate to vigorous physical activity positively associates with gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria. These findings highlight the importance of considering gut microbiota contribution to inter-individual variability of response to obesity treatments. Modulation of gut microbiota through physical activity should be considered in the design of personalized therapeutic strategies in obesity. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021262107.","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations between sleep, energy balance, and obesity markers over 6 months in Black emerging adults-pilot study findings from the Sleep, Health Outcomes, and Body Weight (SHOW) study. 黑人新成人 6 个月内睡眠、能量平衡和肥胖标志物之间的关系--睡眠、健康结果和体重 (SHOW) 研究的试点研究结果。

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0263

Hannah R Koch, Jesse N L Sims, Stephanie Pickett, Laurie Wideman, Jessica McNeil

{"title":"Associations between sleep, energy balance, and obesity markers over 6 months in Black emerging adults-pilot study findings from the Sleep, Health Outcomes, and Body Weight (SHOW) study.","authors":"Hannah R Koch, Jesse N L Sims, Stephanie Pickett, Laurie Wideman, Jessica McNeil","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0263","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0263","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient sleep (short sleep duration and poor sleep quality) is associated with obesity risk. Emerging adults (ages 18-28 years) have a greater risk of excess weight gain and insufficient sleep, and these risks are higher in Black individuals. Using a measurement burst design, we assessed associations between sleep with energy balance components and obesity marker changes over 6 months in 15 Black emerging adults (12 females; age: 21 ± 2.5 years; body mass index: 25.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; body fat: 25.8 ± 11.9%). Since our sample was predominantly female (80%), we repeated our analyses for females only. Participants completed the following measurements at baseline (BLN) and 6 months later (6MO): 7 days of actigraphy-based sleep and physical activity energy expenditure (EE) and 2 nights of in-home polysomnography-based sleep; resting EE and thermic effect of food with indirect calorimetry; ad libitum energy intake (EI) via self-reported methods over 4 days and directly measured over 3 days with provided meals. Body weight (2.6 kg, p = 0.01) and waist circumference (2.4 cm, p = 0.03) increased from BLN to 6MO. Changes in actigraphy-based sleep duration were associated with changes in body weight (β = 0.03, standard error (SE) = 0.02, p = 0.04) and fat mass (β = 0.07, SE = 0.03 p = 0.03) in females only. Greater rapid eye movement sleep duration was associated with increases in resting EE (β = 2.24, SE = 0.84, p = 0.02). Greater slow-wave sleep was associated with increases in self-reported EI (β = 18.34, SE = 4.7, p < 0.01). Sleep may impact components of energy balance and risk of weight gain in Black emerging adults. Additional research is needed to confirm our pilot findings.","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute ketone monoester supplementation in young adults: modulating metabolic and neurocognitive functions across body weights. 年轻成年人急性单酮补充剂：调节不同体重人群的代谢和神经认知功能

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0229

Qian Yu, Ka Kit Wong, On Kei Lei, Paulo A S Armada-da-Silva, Zongze Wu, Jinlei Nie, Qingde Shi, Zhaowei Kong

{"title":"Acute ketone monoester supplementation in young adults: modulating metabolic and neurocognitive functions across body weights.","authors":"Qian Yu, Ka Kit Wong, On Kei Lei, Paulo A S Armada-da-Silva, Zongze Wu, Jinlei Nie, Qingde Shi, Zhaowei Kong","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0229","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0229","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the acute effects of ketone monoester on metabolic and neurocognitive indicators and underlying metabolism-brain-cognition interactions among young adults of healthy weight (HW) and those with overweight/obesity (OW). Forty participants were divided into two groups: HW (n = 20, age 23.80 ± 3.96 years, body mass index (BMI) 21.49 ± 1.80 kg/m2) and OW (n = 20, age 22.00 ± 2.13 years, BMI 28.23 ± 3.48 kg/m2). Each participant completed two trials (ketone monoester vs. placebo, 395 mg/kg dose) in a randomized order. Metabolic indicators (blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose) and neurocognitive function (causal density via functional near-infrared spectroscopy and cognitive interference via the Stroop task) were measured at baseline, 30 min, and 90 min post-supplementation. A chain mediation model was constructed to test the indirect effects of BHB level on cognitive interference through mediators like blood glucose and causal density. In the linear mixed models, significant effects were observed for trial (β = -0.92, 0.20, -0.04, 25.53) and assessment time (β = 0.50, -0.14, 0.09, -62.88) in BHB, glucose, causal density, and cognitive interference (p < 0.05), but not for group factors. Compared to OW, the effects of ketone monoester on prefrontal connectomes were more enduring in the HW (p < 0.05). Elevated BHB level improved cognitive function through decreasing glucose level and increasing causal density, with an estimate of -0.63. Acute ketone monoester supplementation elevated levels of blood BHB and prefrontal connectomes and decreased levels of glucose and cognitive interference, regardless of weight status. Elevated blood BHB enhanced cognitive function through multi-tiered neurometabolic pathways. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06368297).","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can lower limb ischemic preconditioning improve aerobic capacity in healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 下肢缺血预处理能改善健康成人的有氧能力吗？系统回顾和荟萃分析。

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0456

Limingfei Zhou, Jianyu Gan, Yineng Tan, Yundi Zhang, Dapeng Bao, Junhong Zhou

{"title":"Can lower limb ischemic preconditioning improve aerobic capacity in healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Limingfei Zhou, Jianyu Gan, Yineng Tan, Yundi Zhang, Dapeng Bao, Junhong Zhou","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0456","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0456","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of lower limb ischemic preconditioning (IPC/LL) on aerobic capacity in healthy adults. The search was conducted in five electronic databases. Two authors independently reviewed the search results, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Meta-analyses and subgroup analyses were performed to determine the overall effect size and the impact of potential moderators. Twenty publications consisting of 297 participants were included. The overall analysis showed that time to exhaustion was significantly improved after IPC/LL intervention compared with the control (Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% CI (0.16, 0.64), p < 0.01). In subgroup analysis, time to exhaustion was significantly improved only in single-pass intervention conditions, in untrained participants, and assessed by cycling exercise tests (p < 0.05). However, no significant effect was observed on time trial performance (Hedges' g = -0.08, 95% CI (-0.33, 0.16), p = 0.50), peak oxygen uptake (Hedges' g = 0.02, 95% CI (-0.17, 0.21), p = 0.85), and blood lactate (Hedges' g = 0.09, 95% CI (-0.06, 0.23), p = 0.26) in healthy adults after IPC/LL intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides moderate evidence that IPC/LL does not improve the aerobic capacity of healthy adults but contributes to an enhancement in time to exhaustion during aerobic exercise.","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Context-dependent trade-offs in body size among Olympic sports. 奥林匹克运动中身体大小的环境依赖权衡。

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2025-0021

Shalaya Kipp, Martin Husen, Chad C Wiggins, Ellen K Gorman, Andrew J Clayburn, Michael J Joyner, Jonathon W Senefeld

{"title":"Context-dependent trade-offs in body size among Olympic sports.","authors":"Shalaya Kipp, Martin Husen, Chad C Wiggins, Ellen K Gorman, Andrew J Clayburn, Michael J Joyner, Jonathon W Senefeld","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0021","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0021","url":null,"abstract":"There is a context-dependent trade-off in body size of elite runners, such that smaller body sizes are observed among longer distance runners. However, it is unclear whether this trade-off in body size is observed in other Olympic sports, such as cycling and swimming. To understand the association between body size and athletic competition, we examined metrics of body size from male and female Olympic athletes competing in swimming, running, and cycling. We collected standard anthropometrics (height, mass, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area) of elite male and female athletes competing in the London 2012 Summer Olympics from a public repository. Anthropometric data were compared between sexes (male and female); between sports (swimming, running, and cycling); and between distances within sports (shorter and longer distance). Males were taller (P < 0.001), heavier (P < 0.001), and had a larger BMI (P < 0.001) compared to females. Relative to athletes competing in longer distance events, athletes competing in shorter distance were generally taller (running: P < 0.001, swimming: P ≤ 0.014) and heavier (running: P < 0.001, swimming: P = 0.002 (males) and P = 0.148 (females), cycling: P < 0.001) for both males and females. Height was not different between shorter and longer distance cyclists. There was a trade-off between body size and distance for each of the three Olympics sports, such that smaller athletes were observed in longer distance events. Although there were large sex-based differences in body size, similar trade-offs in size and event were observed for both males and females. These data suggest that there is an optimal combination of skeletal muscle mass and body size to optimize movement economy that is generally preserved across different modes of human locomotion.","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Canada-wide survey of school food programs. 全加拿大学校食品计划调查。

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0083

Annette Blais, Mavra Ahmed, Mary L'Abbé, Daniel Sellen, Vasanti Malik

{"title":"Canada-wide survey of school food programs.","authors":"Annette Blais, Mavra Ahmed, Mary L'Abbé, Daniel Sellen, Vasanti Malik","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0083","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0083","url":null,"abstract":"Canada remains one of few Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries without a well-established nationally harmonized and funded school food program (SFP); however, the Canadian federal government recently announced the development and implementation of a national SFP that might supersede the uncoordinated patchwork of SFPs currently delivered across Canada. We designed and conducted novel survey research to systematically identify the characteristics of organization-led SFPs, building on previous research that focused on the characteristics of provincial and territorial government involvement in school food programming. An electronic survey was developed to include items deemed most relevant based on applicable literature and expert content validation, and distributed to organizations involved in the purchasing, planning, and/or preparation of school foods. Responses were categorized post hoc into the RE-AIM categories to assess SFP Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance. Analysis identified key SFP implementation characteristics (including funding source, payment model, and student eligibility), program components, SFP goals/mandates, and factors that determine what foods are served; and assessed correlations among key characteristics. Results from 67 SFPs across 10 provinces indicate considerable variability in SFP characteristics. SFP-delivering organizations reported a predominant goal of reducing student food insecurity, while nutrition and cost were cited as the main factors determining food served. Collectively, organizations were found to rely primarily on donations, while provincial funding accounted for only 30% of total funding. These findings reveal strengths and areas for improvement within Canada's current school food landscape and highlight important gaps that could be addressed with federal involvement.","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0