Annals of the American Thoracic Society最新文献

{"title":"A journey of 1000 miles begins with a single step -proteomics, hyperinflation and COPD.","authors":"Peter M A Calverley","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annalsats/aaoag117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom-Based Subtypes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Are We Ready for Global Precision Phenotyping?","authors":"Baran Balcan, Nesrin Ocal","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annalsats/aaoag118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of CPAP on a marker of endothelial inflammation differs by OSA-related CVD risk markers.","authors":"Ali Azarbarzin, Scott Sands, Yüksel Peker, Afrouz Behboudi, Susan Redline, Sanja Jelic, Daniel J Gottlieb","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annalsats/aaoag112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and respiratory health.","authors":"Frank J Kelly, Julia C Fussell","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"699-701"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No place like home: social factors and discharge in children with new tracheostomy.","authors":"Lena Xiao","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag059","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"709-710"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-country head-to-head accuracy comparison of automated chest X-ray algorithms for tuberculosis.","authors":"William Worodria, Robert Castro, Sandra V Kik, Victoria Dalay, Brigitta Derendinger, Charles Festo, Thanh Quoc Nguyen, Mihaja Raberahona, Swati Sudarsan, Alfred Andama, Balamugesh Thangakunam, Issa Lyimo, Viet Nhung Nguyen, Rivo Rakotoarivelo, Grant Theron, Charles Yu, Claudia M Denkinger, Simon Grandjean Lapierre, Adithya Cattamanchi, Devasahayam J Christopher, Devan Jaganath","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Computer-aided detection algorithms for automated chest X-ray reading have been endorsed by the World Health Organization for tuberculosis triage, but independent, multi-country assessment of current products is needed to guide implementation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We included chest X-rays from adults who presented to outpatient facilities with at least 2 weeks of cough in India, Madagascar, the Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We calculated and compared the accuracy overall and by country and key groups for 7 computer-aided detection algorithms: CAD4TB, qXR, INSIGHT CXR, DrAid, Genki, InferRead, and Radify. We determined if any computer-aided detection product could achieve the minimum target accuracy for a tuberculosis triage test (≥ 90% sensitivity and ≥ 70% specificity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3901 individuals included, the median age was 41 years (IQR, 29-54 years), 12.9% were people living with HIV, 8.2% were living with diabetes, and 21.2% had a prior history of tuberculosis. Specificity ranged from 30.9% to 73.5% at 90% sensitivity. CAD4TB achieved the highest specificity at 90% sensitivity (73.5% specific [95% CI, 71.9%-75.1%]), although qXR and INSIGHT CXR also achieved the target 70% specificity. There was heterogeneity by country and subgroup that improved with population-specific thresholds, except for people living with HIV, 50 years and older, or with a history of tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multiple computer-aided detection algorithms achieved the minimum target accuracy for a tuberculosis triage test among symptomatic individuals with cough. Further efforts are needed to integrate computer-aided detection into routine tuberculosis case detection programs in high-burden communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"728-736"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rodatristat ethyl decreases activity in pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from the ELEVATE-2 trial.","authors":"Daniel J Lachant, Sandeep Sahay, Robert Block, Deborah Ossip, Jill Denning, Howard M Lazarus, Ed Parsley, R James White","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoaf066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoaf066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Wearable devices provide an objective measurement of activity in the home setting and are complementary to 6-minute walk distance. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have low daily activity time, which is likely related to physiologic impairment and behavioral changes. Actigraphy may be a functional outcome assessment capable of detecting changes in activity mediated by improvement in physiology in a therapy trial.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>ELEVATE-2 was a phase 2 trial evaluating rodatristat ethyl versus placebo in PAH. We hypothesized rodatristat ethyl would improve measures of activity, specifically peak steps, at week 24, and further that changes in actigraphy measures would correlate with changes in stroke volume index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ELEVATE-2 was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. All participants wore an ActiGraph on their wrist. We compared changes in average peak 5-minute steps (steps during the most active 5 minutes of a day, whether or not consecutive), daily steps, moderate activity time, and vigorous activity time at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Linear mixed methods with repeated measures were performed to assess treatment-time interaction at week 24, and least squares means were used to compare groups. Linear regression was performed to evaluate the changes in stroke volume index on activity parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 108 participants, 100 were included in the analysis. Adjusted least squares mean showed that peak 5-minute steps (-49 steps [95% CI, -80 to -18]), moderate activity time (-17.3 minutes/day [95% CI, -29.3 to -5.3]), and daily steps (-656 [95% CI, -1171 to -140]) all decreased at week 24 after treatment with rodatristat ethyl compared to placebo. Peak 5-minute steps were weakly associated with changes in stroke volume index (0.74 [95% CI, 0.11-1.37]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rodatristat ethyl reduced multiple activity parameters in this small, randomized multicenter study. Peak steps, daily steps, and moderate activity time seem to capture different aspects of movement in the home setting. Activity parameters were not strongly associated with resting hemodynamics, underscoring the influence of behavioral and external factors on activity.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>NCT04712669.</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"754-761"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in discharge to hospice after critical illness among US Medicare beneficiaries, 2011-2023.","authors":"Anica C Law, Nicholas A Bosch, Yang Song, Archana P Tale, Jason Nelson, Rishi K Wadhera, Amber E Barnato, Allan J Walkey","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"815-818"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13005280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity phenotypes in obstructive sleep apnea: real-world data.","authors":"Monique Mendelson, Sébastien Baillieul, Pasquale Tondo, Raphaël Louis, Kai-Ping Wang, Renaud Tamisier, Jean-Louis Pépin, Sébastien Bailly","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"819-822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for longitudinal estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in adults with cystic fibrosis.","authors":"Deepthi Nacharaju, Leila R Zelnick, Kathleen J Ramos, Ian H de Boer, Patrick A Flume, Christopher H Goss, Sonya L Heltshe, Pavan K Bhatraju","doi":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annalsats/aaoag013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>In contemporary cohorts of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), risk factors and rates of kidney function decline are unknown. With improved life expectancy, preserving kidney function is paramount to preventing early cardiovascular disease and CF-related bone disease and to maintaining eligibility for lung transplantation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine long-term kidney function decline among CF participants following the Standardized Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations 2 (STOP2) clinical trial and to identify specific risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We linked participants in STOP2 with the CF Foundation Patient Registry and defined decline in kidney function as a composite of ≥40% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or development of end-stage renal disease. We calculated the associations of risk factors such as age, diabetes status, and number of pulmonary exacerbations treated with intravenous antibiotics on decline in kidney function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 915 STOP2 participants, the mean ± SD baseline eGFR was 114 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 53 (6.0%) reached the composite endpoint over a median follow-up time of 3.8 years. Each 10-year increase in age was associated with a 24% greater risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29 [95% CI, 1.01-1.65]), and participants with insulin-dependent diabetes had a greater risk of the composite endpoint (HR, 2.34 [95% CI, 1.33-4.12]). A multivariable adjusted time-updated Cox regression model demonstrated that each additional pulmonary exacerbation was associated with a greater risk of the composite outcome (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.07-1.20]; P <.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Risk factors associated with kidney function decline included age, insulin-dependent diabetes, and number of pulmonary exacerbations. These findings highlight key contributors to kidney function decline in a modern cohort of adults with CF.</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"737-744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}