American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias最新文献

{"title":"Feeding Modality and Longitudinal Nutritional Status in Severe Dementia: A Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Lu-Yen Anny Chen, Ju-I Chang, Man-Hua Yang","doi":"10.1177/15333175261488732","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175261488732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesNasogastric (NG) tube feeding versus assisted oral feeding is associated with different longitudinal trajectories of nutritional status and muscle reserve in severe dementia.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal cohort study, 180 residents with severe dementia were recruited from 13 long-term care facilities in Taiwan. After 1:1 propensity-score matching, 112 residents were included. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment and calf circumference at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, and data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsAssisted oral feeding was associated with higher Mini Nutritional Assessment scores and greater calf circumference than NG feeding, whereas both outcomes declined significantly over time. No significant associations were found for age, sex, chronic-disease count, FAST stage, or dementia duration.ConclusionAssisted oral feeding was associated with better nutritional outcomes, although residual imbalance in dementia severity limits causal inference.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"41 ","pages":"15333175261488732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning Dementia-Capable Group Homes for Adults With Intellectual Disability: Insights From a 15-Year Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Matthew P Janicki","doi":"10.1177/15333175261483975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15333175261483975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adults with intellectual disability (ID) experience elevated risk of developing dementia, including earlier onset in some conditions such as Down syndrome. As increasing numbers of adults with ID reach older age, community service systems are confronted with the need to adapt residential supports originally designed for lifelong developmental assistance to accommodate progressive neurodegenerative conditions. One emerging response has been the development of small, community-based dementia-capable group homes that integrate specialized care practices within familiar neighborhood environments. Despite growing interest in these residential models, practical guidance on how such homes can be planned, organized, and sustained over time remains limited. This article examines administrative and operational considerations in planning dementia-capable group homes for adults with ID, drawing on 15 years of observations from three purpose-built residences. The analysis highlights how resident trajectories, including progressive functional decline, increasing multimorbidity, and mortality-driven turnover, shape admission practices, staffing configurations, daily care routines, and the integration of medical, palliative, and end-of-life supports. The findings also illustrate how adaptive administrative practices supported long-term residential stability, enabling residents to remain in a familiar community setting despite increasing care needs. It also underscores the importance of anticipating increasing physical dependency, including the need to support non-ambulatory residents, particularly within single-home residential settings. The findings suggest that dementia-capable group homes function best when conceived as adaptive residential systems rather than fixed placements. Effective models incorporate flexible staffing structures, coordinated administrative oversight, and planning strategies that anticipate changing resident acuity over extended periods, thereby promoting residential stability and reducing the need for disruptive relocations as dementia progresses. These observations provide practice-level guidance for agencies seeking to develop community-based dementia care housing for adults with ID and contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting small-scale residential platforms as viable components of the broader continuum of dementia care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"41 ","pages":"15333175261483975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease by External Counterpulsation A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Jack E Juni, Jeffrey M Burns, David H Salat, Drew Hill, Steven Tally, Jeffrey S Martin, Michael D Devous, Patrick M Moriarty","doi":"10.1177/15333175261451918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175261451918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo assess external counterpulsation (ECP) effects on cognitive and functional decline in early AD.MethodsThis 12-month, multicenter, blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial enrolled 190 patients with early AD (MCI due to AD or mild AD per NIA-AA clinical criteria). Participants received either full-pressure ECP (150-300 mmHg) or sham (25 mmHg): 3-5 weekly one-hour sessions for 35 treatments, then twice-weekly through six months. Assessments occurred at baseline and weeks 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 52. Primary endpoints included ADCS-ADL, ADAS-cog-14, and VADAS-cog.ResultsFull-pressure ECP significantly improved ADCS-ADL scores versus sham (mean change 2.57 vs. -0.49; p=0.036) and VADAS-cog scores (9.95 vs. 5.22; p=0.005) at 12-24 weeks. Benefits persisted through 52 weeks despite treatment cessation at 6 months. No serious device-related adverse events occurred.ConclusionsFull-pressure ECP therapy significantly improved cognition and ADL compared to sham treatment in early AD. ECP represents a novel therapeutic approach warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"41 ","pages":"15333175261451918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors in People With Dementia on Family Caregivers: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Huiping Lin, Leah Macaden, Colin Chandler","doi":"10.1177/15333175261418909","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175261418909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scoping review examines the impact of inappropriate sexual behaviors (ISBs) in people with dementia on their family caregivers. Through synthesizing 15 studies from 8 countries, 6 themes were identified: complex emotional responses, psychological distress, increased caregiver burden, practical caregiving challenges, impaired marital relationships, and social isolation. Findings reveal caregivers frequently experience helplessness, embarrassment, anger, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, exacerbated by societal taboos surrounding sexuality and limited professional support. Spousal caregivers are particularly affected, reporting increased emotional strain and marital distress. Practical caregiving difficulties, including safety and privacy concerns, limited access to care services, and challenging institutionalization decisions, further intensify caregiver burden. The review highlights significant research gaps, including the need for specialized assessment tools, broader and culturally diverse studies, and exploration of ISBs as distinct phenomena. Addressing these gaps is crucial for developing targeted interventions and adequately supporting caregivers, particularly within home-based and culturally sensitive dementia care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"41 ","pages":"15333175261418909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12819981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health of Bi+ Dementia Caregivers: Moderation Effects of Minority and Caregiving Stress.","authors":"Krystal R Kittle, Ethan C Cicero, Jordan Pelkmans, Jason D Flatt, Joel G Anderson","doi":"10.1177/15333175251415106","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175251415106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite comprising the largest segment of the sexual minority population and experiencing unique stressors and health disparities, bi+ dementia caregivers remain underrepresented in health and caregiving research. This secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from LGBTQ+ dementia caregivers (bi+, <i>n</i> = 125; gay[g]/lesbian[l], <i>n</i> = 161) examined whether associations between minority and caregiving stressors and global health differed by caregiver group. Bi+ caregivers reported significantly higher minority stress and lower family quality of life but better health than g/l caregivers. Moderation analyses revealed: higher perceived stress predicted worse health for bi+ but better health for g/l; higher family quality of life predicted better health for both groups, with a stronger effect among bi+ caregivers; and more lifetime discrimination predicted worse health for both groups, with a stronger effect among bi+ caregivers. Results underscore the need for inclusive, affirming research and interventions addressing bi+ caregiver stress experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"41 ","pages":"15333175251415106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12917183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity Participation in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review Based on the COM-B Model.","authors":"Jiachen Han, Wan Sun, Xin Yin, Luo Wang, Fang Zhou, Shuo Wang","doi":"10.1177/15333175261420561","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175261420561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundPhysical activity is crucial for preventing cognitive decline in elders with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, but increasing it in this group poses challenges.ObjectiveTo summarize and update barriers and facilitators to physical activity using the COM-B (Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior) model, and examine variations across settings, cognitive levels, and stakeholders' perspectives.MethodsEight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Network, Wanfang Data and VIP) were searched from inception to January 20, 2024. Barriers and facilitators were analyzed using directed content analysis based on the COM-B model.ResultsFrom 33 studies, 18 barriers and 15 facilitators were identified, spanning all COM-B domains, with variations across settings, cognitive levels, and stakeholders' perspectives.ConclusionThe findings provide a foundation for developing tailored physical activity promotion strategies for older adults with MCI/dementia, which should be differentiated based on residential settings, cognitive impairment levels, and stakeholders involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"41 ","pages":"15333175261420561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12833146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are the \"Serial 7s\" and Spelling Backwards Tasks From the MMSE Comparable in MCI and Dementia?","authors":"Edoardo Nicolò Aiello, Giulia De Luca, Arianna Moreschi, Beatrice Curti, Francesco Cazzini, Andrea Cerri, Selene Saba, Valerio Patisso, Alessio Maranzano, Vincenzo Silani, Nicola Ticozzi, Federico Verde, Barbara Poletti","doi":"10.1177/15333175261449026","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175261449026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explored the comparability of the \"Serial 7s\" (S7) and Spelling Backwards (SB) tasks from MMSE in 313 patients with MCI (<i>N</i>=54) and dementia (<i>N</i>=259) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body disease, non-AD degenerative (NADD), chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or mixed (AD+CVD) etiologies. Although the two tasks were significantly associated with each other (<i>r</i>=.54), a two one-sided test revealed that they were not statistically equivalent. Consistently, a linear mixed model testing the effect of task <i>Type</i> (S7 <i>vs.</i> SB) net of demographics, disease duration, disease severity and etiology revealed that the S7 condition was more difficult to be performed (<i>M</i>=1.69) than the SB one (<i>M</i>=3.03). Hence, in MCI and dementia due to chronic-degenerative etiologies, the S7 and the SB tasks from the MMSE are not comparable. Users should exert caution when qualitatively interpreting examinees' attentional levels based on these tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"41 ","pages":"15333175261449026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Primary Caregiver: A Scoping Review of Family-Centered Dementia Caregiving Programs.","authors":"Alexandra Malia Jackson, Kelly S O'Sullivan, Megan Gilligan, Raven H Weaver","doi":"10.1177/15333175251391571","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175251391571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most dementia caregiver programs focus on a single caregiver, overlooking diverse caregiving networks that include family, friends, and relatives who provide care. We conducted a scoping review of family-centered dementia caregiving programs (ie, interventions with at least 2 caregivers) to (1) describe program components; (2) identify how family members are included; (3) summarize family-level measurements used and the effectiveness of family-centered programs on these outcomes; and (4) explore if and how programs are culturally adapted. We identified 36 articles and 10 programs (individual-family programs, n = 8; multi-family group programs, n = 2). Programs included similar content and effectiveness was reported by the primary caregiver and measured at the individual level. To better support diverse caregiving networks, caregiving programs may benefit from identifying core components of caregiving programs, including best practices in engaging family caregivers, acknowledging varied family structures and the fluidity in caregiving, and measuring strengths and deficits at the family-level.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"40 ","pages":"15333175251391571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the Emergency Department.","authors":"Ilse Murrieta-Hernández, Daniel García-Gutiérrez, Sarah Ticehurst-Corona, Enrique Piña-Rosales, Héctor Téllez-Lucero, Isaac Tetlalmatzi-Azuara, Juan Carlos López-Hernández, Mayela Rodríguez-Violante, Brenda Dzul-Garcia, Raúl Medina-Rioja","doi":"10.1177/15333175251391561","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175251391561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal prion disorder marked by rapidly progressive dementia and neuropsychiatric features. Epidemiological data in Latin America are limited, and no incidence studies exist in Mexico. This study sought to quantify CJD incidence in a neurological reference center.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, during 2023-2024. Clinical and paraclinical findings were reviewed. Incidence was calculated per 1000 emergency visits, with relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAmong 19 003 patients, 15 fulfilled probable CJD criteria. Incidence was 0.55/1000 in 2023 and 1.01/1000 in 2024 (RR 1.83; 95% CI 0.63-5.35; <i>P</i> = .309). Cognitive and behavioral symptoms predominated (psychosis in 68%). MRI revealed abnormalities in all cases, most often cortical ribboning (93%).ConclusionThis first incidence study highlights the presence of CJD in specialized Mexican centers, underscoring the need for systematic surveillance and improved diagnostic access.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"40 ","pages":"15333175251391561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12572603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Adults' Perception of the Typical Dementia Patient Based on Gender and Race.","authors":"Angel I M Collie, Jody S Nicholson, Curtis E Phills","doi":"10.1177/15333175251378275","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175251378275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionThough Black Americans are twice as likely as White Americans to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease, they may be excluded from the mental representation of a person with dementia.MethodsParticipants (<i>N</i> = 143, median age = 19) created visualized mental representations of a person, a man, a woman, a Black man, or a Black woman diagnosed with dementia by repeatedly selecting which among 12 faces looked most like each target category.ResultsThe visualized representation of a person with dementia was more similar to the representation of a man and a Black woman than to a Black man and a woman, respectively.DiscussionThese findings highlight how intersectionality shapes mental representations of dementia, revealing that certain combinations of marginalized identities are perceived differently rather than excluded entirely.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"40 ","pages":"15333175251378275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}