American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias最新文献

{"title":"<i>\"It's Opened My Eyes to a Whole New World\":</i> Positive Behaviour Support Training for Staff and Family Members Supporting Residents With Dementia in Aged Care Settings.","authors":"Alinka C Fisher, Katrina Reschke, Nijashree Shah, Sau Cheung, Claire O'Connor, Olivier Piguet","doi":"10.1177/15333175241241168","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241241168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the acceptability and usefulness of Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) training in enhancing the capabilities of support staff and family members providing behaviour support to residents with dementia in residential aged care (RAC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods pilot study was conducted across 3 RAC organisations, involving pre- and post-training questionnaire assessments for clinical leaders (n = 8), support staff (n = 37) and family members (n = 18).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated increased confidence among support staff and family members in providing behaviour support, with 96% indicating it would support their practices across settings. Key training benefits included identifying and addressing underlying causes of challenging behaviours. A majority (89%) expressed the need for further behaviour support training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recommendations focus on developing systems to enable effective and collaborative behaviour support practices. Further research is needed to examine application of PBS principles and planning for residents living with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241241168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10976499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140308231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Machine Learning Models in Detecting Cognitive Impairments in Alzheimer's Patients Using Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers.","authors":"Vivek K Tiwari, Premananda Indic, Shawana Tabassum","doi":"10.1177/15333175241308645","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241308645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several research studies have demonstrated the potential use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers such as amyloid beta 1-42, T-tau, and P-tau, in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease stages. The levels of these biomarkers in conjunction with the dementia rating scores are used to empirically differentiate the dementia patients from normal controls. In this work, we evaluated the performance of standard machine learning classifiers using cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels as the features to differentiate dementia patients from normal controls. We employed various types of machine learning models, that includes Discriminant, Logistic Regression, Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Naïve Bayes classifiers. The results demonstrate that these models can distinguish cognitively impaired subjects from normal controls with an accuracy ranging from 64% to 69% and an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics between 0.64 and 0.73. In addition, we found that the levels of 2 biomarkers, amyloid beta 1-42 and T-tau, provide a modest improvement in accuracy when distinguishing dementia patients from healthy controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241308645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Time to Diagnosis in Young-Onset Dementia.","authors":"Shruti Sharma, Christina Ilse, Kiri Brickell, Campbell Le Heron, Keith Woods, Ashleigh O'Mara Baker, Lynette Tippett, Maurice A Curtis, Brigid Ryan","doi":"10.1177/15333175241309525","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241309525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Timely diagnosis of young-onset dementia (YOD) is critical. This study aimed to identify factors that increased time to diagnosis at each stage of the diagnostic pathway. Participants were patients diagnosed with YOD (n = 40) and their care partners (n = 39). Information was obtained from questionnaires, and review of medical records. Mean time from symptom onset to YOD diagnosis was 3.6 ± 2 years. Suspicion of depression/anxiety at presentation was associated with significantly increased time from presentation to specialist referral. Neurologist-diagnosed YOD was the fastest route to a diagnosis, whereas diagnoses made by other specialists significantly increased the time from first specialist visit to diagnosis. By investigating multiple stages of the diagnostic pathway, we identified two factors that increased time to diagnosis: suspicion of depression/anxiety at presentation delayed specialist referral from primary care, and diagnosis by a specialist other than a neurologist delayed diagnosis of YOD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241309525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Hybrid Model of Occupational Therapy on Visuospatial Perception and Functional Skills for Cases With Posterior Cortical Atrophy: A Five-Case Report.","authors":"Hsiu-Yun Hsu, Li-Chieh Kuo, Ta-Shen Kuan, Hsiu-Ching Yang, Ming-Chyi Pai","doi":"10.1177/15333175241312664","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241312664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative condition primarily characterized by visuospatial deficits. Research on visual, spatial orientation, and functional impairments in PCA patients is limited. This report explores the impact of occupational therapy on 5 PCA cases with severe visuospatial and functional difficulties over 2 years. Patients, diagnosed through neuropsychological assessments and brain imaging, underwent occupational therapy focusing on cognitive remediation and rehabilitation strategies. Interventions included attention to contextual characteristics and errorless learning to promote independence in self-care. Two patients showed notable improvement on the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment, while 4 demonstrated slight functional gains in activities such as grooming, bathing, dressing, and stair navigation. These findings suggest that cognitive stimulation and training can slow the decline in visuospatial skills and improve daily function. Future studies should incorporate a control group receiving standard occupational therapy and evaluate the long-term impact of these interventions on patients with PCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"40 ","pages":"15333175241312664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145071294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart Rate and its Variability From Short-Term ECG Recordings as Potential Biomarkers for Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Anjo Xavier, Sneha Noble, Justin Joseph, Aishwarya Ghosh, Thomas Gregor Issac","doi":"10.1177/15333175241309527","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241309527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Alterations in Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) reflect autonomic dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration making them biomarkers suitable for detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). <b>Methods:</b> The study involves 297 urban Indian participants [48.48% (144) were male and 51.51% (153) were female]. MCI was detected in 19.19% (57) of participants and the rest, 80.8% (240) of them were healthy. ECG recordings spanning 10 s were collected and R-peaks were detected. Machine learning algorithms like were employed to further validate the features. <b>Results:</b> The mean of R-to-R (NN) intervals (<i>P</i> = .0021), the RMS of NN intervals (<i>P</i> = .0014), the SDNN (<i>P</i> = .0192) and the RMSSD (<i>P</i> = .0206) values differ significantly between MCI and non-MCI. Machine learning classifiers, SVM, DA, and NB show a high accuracy of 80.801% on RMS feature input. <b>Conclusion:</b> HR and its variability can be considered potential biomarkers for detecting MCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241309527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Longitudinal Dose-Response Curve Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and the Prevalence of Diabetes Based on the Different Levels of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults.","authors":"Jungjoo Lee, Junhyoung Kim, Hyo Jin Ju, Sang Joon An, Bomi Woo","doi":"10.1177/15333175241241891","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241241891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated a dose-response relationship between Leisure-Time Physical Activity participation (LTPA) and the risk of diabetes and a comparison of the risk across different cognitive function groups among older adults. The Health and Retirement Study data were used from 2012 to 2020 (n = 18 746). This study conducted a Cox Proportional Hazard Regression to investigate the Dose-Response Curve between the prevalence of diabetes and the covariates following a level of LTPA participation. The result presented that the Odds Ratio continuously decreased as the level of LTPA participation increased. Among the three cognitive function groups, the high group (OR = .43, <i>P</i> < .05) and the mid group (OR = .71, <i>P</i> < .05) had a larger negative slope coefficient than the low group. This study found that LTPA participation reduces the risk of diabetes and gives evidence for the importance of cognitive function in reducing the prevalence of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241241891"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11072067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Role of Estrogens in Olfaction, Sleep and Glymphatic Functionality in Relation to Sex Disparity in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Anupa Ekanayake, Senal Peiris, Biyar Ahmed, Sangam Kanekar, Cooper Grove, Deepak Kalra, Paul Eslinger, Qing Yang, Prasanna Karunanayaka","doi":"10.1177/15333175241272025","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241272025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several risk factors contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including genetics, metabolic health, cardiovascular history, and diet. It has been observed that women appear to face a higher risk of developing AD. Among the various hypotheses surrounding the gender disparity in AD, one pertains to the potential neuroprotective properties of estrogen. Compared to men, women are believed to be more susceptible to neuropathology due to the significant decline in circulating estrogen levels following menopause. Studies have shown, however, that estrogen replacement therapies in post-menopausal women do not consistently reduce the risk of AD. While menopause and estrogen levels are potential factors in the elevated incidence rates of AD among women, this review highlights the possible roles estrogen has in other pathways that may also contribute to the sex disparity observed in AD such as olfaction, sleep, and glymphatic functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241272025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11311174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Early Multimodal Non-pharmacological Interventions in Cognitive Preservation in the Elderly.","authors":"Sun-Wung Hsieh, Shih-Fen Hsiao, Lih-Jiun Liaw, Ling-Chun Huang, Yuan-Han Yang","doi":"10.1177/15333175241256803","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241256803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multimodal non-pharmacological interventions (MNPI) have been determined as effective in delaying cognitive deterioration. The effectiveness of timing of such interventions in elderly is less discussed. We compared the different effectiveness of MNPI in cognitive preservation in elderly subjects with and without dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled volunteer the elderly subjects. Subjects were classified as dementia group and non-dementia group by instrument of ascertainment of dementia 8. All were assigned to attend 3 hours of MNPI (physical fitness training, Chinese capillary, and Chinese drawings and paintings) twice a week over a 16-week period. Neuropsychiatric tests, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI), clinical dementia rating (CDR), and neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), were administered before and 1 year after MNPI. We demonstrated the changes of cognition and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) before and after MNPI. We compared the different effectiveness of cognition preservation between two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, there were 43 participants in our study, including 18 with non-dementia and 25 with dementia. The non-dementia group had a significantly higher proportion of cognitive preservation in remote memory (100.0% vs 68.0%, <i>P</i> = .007), orientation (94.4% vs 48.0%, <i>P</i> = .001), drawing (94.4% vs 64.0%, <i>P</i> = .021) and language (77.8% vs 48.0%, <i>P</i> = .049) than the dementia group. The highest proportion of preserved cognition after MNPI was remote memory (100%), followed by orientation (94.4%) and drawing (94.4%) in the non-dementia group. The highest proportion of preserved cognition after MNPI was attention (72%) followed by remote memory (68%), recent memory (64%) and drawing (64%) in the dementia group. Overall, their improved rate in behavioral and psychological symptoms was 55.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study concluded the benefits of early MNPI in cognition preservation in the elderly, especially in the field of remote memory, orientation, drawing and language.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241256803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating Factors Associated With Physical Activity in Older Adults at Increased Dementia Risk.","authors":"Maria Isabel Cardona, Melanie Luppa, Andrea Zülke, Eric S Kroeber, Alexander Bauer, Juliane Döhring, Catharina Escales, Christian Brettschneider, Thomas Frese, Robert P Kosilek, Jochen Gensichen, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Hans-Helmut König, Birgitt Wiese, Steffi G Riedel-Heller, Jochen René Thyrian","doi":"10.1177/15333175241257849","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241257849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While regular physical-activity (PA) is beneficial, multimorbid individuals at increased dementia risk may exhibit reduced PA levels. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of mediating factors responsible for inactivity in this population is needed. This study investigated the impact of a multimodal intervention on PA changes at 24-month follow-up and associated mediating factors among community-dwelling patients aged 60-77, with increased dementia risk determined by the CAIDE Dementia Risk Score. Of 1030 participants recruited, 819 completed the assessment. Thus, a generalized estimating equations model initially assessed differences in PA over 24 months, followed by a tree analysis identifying mediating factors influencing PA changes post-intervention. While no significant effect on regular PA was found during the follow-up (<i>P</i> = .674), subgroup analysis revealed improved self-efficacy (<i>P</i> = .000) associated with increased engagement in PA. Incorporating self-efficacy elements into future strategies is crucial for promoting PA among individuals with multimorbidity and at increased dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241257849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11149443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruiting Persons With Dementia: A Systematic Review of Facilitators, Barriers, and Strategies.","authors":"Julian Hirt, Thomas Beer, Stefano Cavalli, Stefano Cereghetti, Elia R G Pusterla, Adelheid Zeller","doi":"10.1177/15333175241276443","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175241276443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Study recruitment of persons with dementia is challenging. We aimed to assess facilitators, barriers, and strategies to identify and approach persons with dementia for recruitment to dementia care studies. We systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and other sources (ORRCA [Online Resource for Research in Clinical triAls]; pertinent evidence syntheses; citation searching) and narratively summarised the results (PROSPERO CRD42022342600). Facilitators and barriers consisted of \"characteristics of participants, researchers, clinical contact persons\", \"study characteristics\", and \"communication with participants\". The highest number of participants were recruited by study information in electronic and print formats, as well as by networking and collaboration. Advertisements proved to be the most expensive way of recruitment. There is limited evidence on the impact of recruitment strategies to identify persons with dementia for recruitment to dementia care studies. Our analysis of facilitators and barriers may inform research teams in designing strategies to identify persons with dementia for recruitment purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93865,"journal":{"name":"American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias","volume":"39 ","pages":"15333175241276443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}