Canadian journal of microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Development and evaluation of a sensitive approach for detection and recovery of third-generation cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales from ready-to-eat frozen stone fruit.","authors":"Adeeb Nasta, Ashley L Cooper, Irelynd V Tackabury, Chloe Anastasiadis, Calvin Ho-Fung Lau, Liam P Brown, Myron L Smith, Sandeep Tamber, Catherine D Carrillo","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0210","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, but the role of foods in its dissemination is poorly understood. We examined the incidence of foodborne bacteria carrying AMR genes considered high-priority research targets by the World Health Organization. Frozen, ready-to-eat, avocado, coconut, mango, and peach (<i>n</i> = 161) were tested for bacteria encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. Over 600 presumptive-positive isolates were recovered and analyzed with a pooled sequencing (Pool-seq) strategy. Coconut samples exhibited the highest bacterial loads and prevalence/diversity of AMR genes. Isolates harbouring the β-lactamase genes <i>bla</i>_ctx-m, <i>bla</i>_tem, and <i>bla</i>_shv, identified in 14 coconut and 2 mango samples, were further characterized by whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The most common gene was <i>bla</i>_ctx-m-15, detected in 20 unique strains. Two carbapenemase-producing strains were isolated from coconut: <i>Enterobacter roggenkampii</i> encoding <i>bla</i>_ndm-1 and <i>Escherichia coli</i> encoding <i>bla</i>_ndm-5. Subsequent quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of enrichments for <i>bla</i>_ctx-m/<i>bla</i>_ndm indicated a potentially higher prevalence of these genes than observed by colony screening. This study presents a practical method for recovering ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing bacteria from foods. Mapping their distribution in food products is crucial to assessing the role of foods in the global spread of AMR and developing effective public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study on the effects of in-feed probiotic <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> ATCC 53103 (LGG) on vaccinated Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>): microbiomes and <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> challenge resilience.","authors":"Natalia Lorenc, Steven Leadbeater, Josh Wang, Jennifer Ronholm, Xiaoji Liu","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0130","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of probiotics is an alternative approach to mitigate the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. In our study, we examined the effects of <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG (ATCC 53103, LGG) delivered in-feed on the weight, length, skin mucus, and faecal microbiomes of Atlantic salmon. We also challenged the salmon with <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> 2004-05MF26 (Asal2004) and assessed the mortality. Our results showed no significant change (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in weight or length of Atlantic salmon or their resilience to Asal2004 infection after LGG feeding. Infection changed significantly the skin mucus and faecal microbiomes: <i>Clostridium sensu stricto</i> increased from 3.14% to 9.20% in skin mucus and 1.39% to 3.74% in faeces (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>Aeromonas</i> increased from 0.02% to 0.60% in faeces (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>Photobacterium</i> increased from not detected (0%) to 52.16% (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and <i>Aliivibrio</i> decreased from 67.21% to 0.71% in faeces (<i>P</i> < 0.01). After infection, <i>Lactococcus</i> (9.93%) and <i>Lactobacillus</i> (2.11%) in skin mucus of the LGG group were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) than in the skin mucus from the rest of the groups (4.14% and 1.08%, respectively). In conclusion, LGG feeding did not further increase the resilience of vaccinated Atlantic salmon. Asal2004 infection had much greater impact on skin mucus and faecal microbiomes than LGG feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in plasmid conjugation among nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovars.","authors":"Anna Laidlaw, Madeleine Blondin-Brosseau, Julie A Shay, Forest Dussault, Mary Rao, Nicholas Petronella, Sandeep Tamber","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0164","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conjugation is a complex phenomenon involving multiple plasmid, bacterial, and environmental factors. Here we describe an IncI1 plasmid encoding multidrug antibiotic resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and third-generation cephalosporins. This plasmid is widespread geographically among animal, human, and environmental sectors. We present data on the transmissibility of this plasmid from <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> ser. Kentucky into 40 strains of <i>S. enterica</i> (10 strains each from serovars Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Infantis, and Typhimurium). Thirty seven out of 40 strains were able to take up the plasmid. Rates of conjugation were variable between strains ranging from 10^-8 to 10^-4. Overall, serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium demonstrated the highest rates of conjugation, followed by Heidelberg, and then Infantis. No relationships were observed between the recipient cell surface and rate of conjugation. Recipient cell numbers correlated positively with conjugation rate and strains with high conjugation rates had marginally but significantly higher growth parameters compared to strains that took up the plasmid at lower frequencies. Environmental conditions known to impact cell growth, such as temperature, nutrient availability, and the presence of antibiotics, had a modulating effect on conjugation. Collectively, these results will further understanding of plasmid transmission dynamics in <i>Salmonella</i>, which is a critical first step towards the development of mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering conjugative plasmids for inducible horizontal DNA transfer.","authors":"Tahani Jaafar, Emily Carvalhais, Arina Shrestha, Ryan R Cochrane, Jordyn S Meaney, Stephanie L Brumwell, Samir Hamadache, Vida Nasrollahi, Bogumil J Karas","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0241","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapidly developing microbial resistance to existing antimicrobials poses a growing threat to public health and global food security. Current chemical-based treatments target cells by inhibiting growth or metabolic function, but their effectiveness is diminishing. To address the growing antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for innovative therapies. Conjugative plasmids, a natural mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, have been repurposed to deliver toxic genetic cargo to recipient cells, showing promise as next-generation antimicrobial agents. However, the ecological risks posed by unintended gene transfer require robust biocontainment strategies. In this study, we developed inducible conjugative plasmids to solve these challenges. Utilizing an arabinose-inducible promoter, we evaluated 13 plasmids with single essential gene deletions, identifying trbC and trbF as strong candidates for stringent regulation. These plasmids demonstrated inducibility in both <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> configurations, with induction resulting in up to a 5-log increase in conjugation efficiency compared to uninduced conditions. Although challenges such as reduced conjugation efficiency and promoter leakiness persist, this work establishes a foundation for the controlled transfer of plasmids, paving the way for safer and more effective antimicrobial technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From patterns to prediction: machine learning and antifungal resistance biomarker discovery.","authors":"Veronica Thorn, Jianping Xu","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2024-0248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal pathogens significantly impact human health, agriculture, and ecosystems, with infections leading to high morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised individuals. The increasing prevalence of antifungal resistance (AFR) exacerbates these challenges, limiting the effectiveness of current treatments. Identifying robust biomarkers associated AFR could accelerate targeted diagnosis, shorten decision time for treatment strategies, and improve patient health. This paper examines traditional avenues of AFR biomarker detection, contrasting them with the increasingly effective role of machine learning (ML) in advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The integration of ML with technologies such as mass spectrometry, molecular dynamics, and various omics-based approaches often results in the discovery of diverse and novel resistance biomarkers. ML's capability to analyse complex data patterns enhances the identification of resistance biomarkers and potential drug targets, offering innovative solutions to AFR management. This paper highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and continued innovation in leveraging ML to combat AFR, aiming for more effective and targeted treatments for fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":"71 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food-borne microbes influence conjugative transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids in pre-disturbed gut microbiome.","authors":"Marie Ottenbrite, Gokhan Yilmaz, Maria Chan, John Devenish, Mingsong Kang, Hanhong Dan, Calvin Ho-Fung Lau, Sabrina Capitani, Catherine Carrillo, Kyrylo Bessonov, John H E Nash, Edward Topp, Jiewen Guan","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0168","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ingestion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria following antibiotic treatments may lead to the transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) within a disturbed gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether and how microbes present in food matrices influence ARG transfer. Thus, a previously established mouse model, which demonstrated the conjugative transfer of a multi-drug resistance plasmid (pIncA/C) from <i>Salmonella</i> Heidelberg (donor) to <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (recipient), was used to assess the effects of food-borne microbes derived from fresh carrots on pIncA/C transfer. Mice were pre-treated with ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethazine, or left untreated as a control to facilitate bacterial colonization. Contrary to previous findings where high-density colonization of the donor and recipient bacteria occurred in the absence of food-borne microbes, the presence of these microbes resulted in a low abundance of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium and no detection of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium transconjugants in the fecal samples from any of the mice. However, in mice pre-treated with streptomycin, a significant reduction in microbial species richness allowed for the significant enrichment of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and pIncA/C transfer to bacteria from the genera <i>Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter</i>, and <i>Proteus</i>. These findings suggest that food-borne microbes may enhance ARG dissemination by influencing the population dynamics of bacterial hosts within a pre-disturbed gut microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, characterization and pathogenicity of <i>Colletotrichum asianum</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>fructicola</i>, and <i>C</i>. <i>laticiphilum</i> causing mango anthracnose in Vietnam.","authors":"Nguyen Thi Thuy Tien, Le Thi Ha Thanh, Tran Thi My Linh, Nguyen Quang Duc Tien, Nguyen Hoang Loc","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0069","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) is famous for its flavor, aroma, and nutritional value. However, anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> is the most destructive postharvest disease of mango, causing significant economic losses. This study aimed to identify and characterize <i>Colletotrichum</i> species associated with mango anthracnose in Vietnam and evaluate their pathogenicity and cross-infection potential. Through examination of colony characteristics, conidia, and appressorial morphology, along with phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS region and five genetic markers (<i>gapdh</i>, <i>act</i>, <i>tub2</i>, <i>chs-1</i>, and <i>cal</i>), five isolates were classified into three distinct species: <i>C</i>. <i>asianum</i> (MH32, MH24, and MC76), <i>C</i>. <i>fructicola</i> (MC32), and <i>C</i>. <i>laticiphilum</i> (MC81). Notably, <i>C</i>. <i>fructicola</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>laticiphilum</i> are the two species identified for the first time on mangoes in Vietnam. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that <i>C</i>. <i>fructicola</i> MC32 and <i>C</i>. <i>laticiphilum</i> MC81 caused anthracnose in mango, banana, guava, and tomato. Among the <i>C</i>. <i>asianum</i> isolates, differences in aggressiveness were observed: isolate MH32 caused anthracnose on mango, banana, guava, and tomato; isolate MC76 caused anthracnose on mango, banana, and tomato; and isolate MH24 affected only mango and tomato.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular DNA enhances <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilm resistance to sodium hypochlorite stress.","authors":"Waleska Stephanie da Cruz Nizer, Madison Elisabeth Adams, Kira Noelle Allison, Carole Beaulieu, Joerg Overhage","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0051","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opportunistic human pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> exhibits high pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance, largely due to its ability to form robust biofilms. In addition to the exopolysaccharides Psl and Pel, extracellular DNA (eDNA) is an important matrix component in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 biofilms. It has been shown previously that eDNA is involved in biofilm initiation and integrity as well as antibiotic resistance; however, its involvement in resistance to oxidative stressors such as the widely used disinfectant sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is less explored. Here, we examined the function of eDNA in NaOCl resistance of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 biofilms. Using different biofilm assays in combination with a PAO1 ∆<i>pslA pelF</i> double mutant, which lacks the exopolysaccharides Psl and Pel, and a Tn-<i>bfmR</i> mutant, which exhibits increased eDNA amounts in biofilms, we were able to show that eDNA contributes to NaOCl resistance in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 biofilms, in particular when exopolysaccharides are absent. Interestingly, NaOCl was more effective after DNase treatment against ∆<i>pslA pelF</i> biofilms<i>.</i> These findings indicate that the protective function of eDNA in biofilm resistance is matrix composition-dependent and becomes more pronounced in the absence of Psl and Pel.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossing the streams: improving data quality and integration across the One Health genomics continuum with data standards and implementation strategies.","authors":"Emma J Griffiths, Emil Jurga, Gabriel Wajnberg, Julie A Shay, Rhiannon Cameron, Charlie Barclay, Anoosha Sehar, Damion Dooley, Nithu Sara John, Andrew Scott, Lisa A Johnson, James Robertson, Justin Schonfeld, D Patrick Bastedo, Joshua Tang, Xianhua Yin, Attiq Rehman, Rhiannon L Wallace, Krysty Thomas, Shannon H C Eagle, Tim McAllister, Moussa S Diarra, John H E Nash, Ed Topp, Gary Van Domselaar, Eduardo Taboada, Sandeep Tamber, Tony Kess, Jordyn Broadbent, Dominic Poulin-Laprade, Derek D N Smith, Richard Reid-Smith, Rahat Zaheer, Chad R Laing, Catherine D Carrillo, William W L Hsiao","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0203","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Canadian Genomics Research and Development Initiative for Antimicrobial Resistance (GRDI-AMR) uses a genomics-based approach to understand how health care, food production and the environment contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Integrating genomics contextual data streams across the One Health continuum is challenging because of the diversity in data scope, content and structure. To better enable data harmonization for analyses, a contextual data standard was developed. However, development of standards does not guarantee their use. Implementation strategies are critical for putting standards into practice. This work focuses on the development of implementation strategies to better operationalize data standards across the Canadian federal genomics ecosystem. Results include improved understanding of complex data models that can create challenges for existing systems. Technical implementation strategies included spreadsheet-based solutions, new exchange formats, and direct standards integration into new databases. Data curation exercises highlighted common data collection and sharing issues, which informed improved practices and evaluation procedures. These new practices are contributing to improved data quality and sharing within the GRDI-AMR consortium as evidenced by publicly available datasets. The implementation strategies and lessons learned described in this work are generalizable for other standards and can be applied more broadly within other initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of viable <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. across the agro-ecosystem of an antibiotic-free swine farm.","authors":"Alexandra Langlois, Antony T Vincent, Renée M Petri, Karoline Lauzon, Dominic Poulin-Laprade","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0173","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2024-0173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural practices, specifically the use of antibiotics and other biocides, have repercussions on human, animal, and plant health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i>, as antibiotic-resistant marker bacteria, in various matrices across the agro-ecosystem of an antibiotic-free swine farm in Quebec (Canada), namely pig feed, feces, manure, agricultural soil, water and sediment from a crossing stream, and soil from nearby forests. Samples were collected in fall 2022, spring and fall 2023, and spring 2024. All samples were subjected to counts of total, cefotaxime-, and ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> as well as total and vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. The frequency of total and cefotaxime-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> along with the vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> decreased with age in pig feces, from weaning to the end of the fattening period. High proportions of the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> recovered from feces and environmental samples were resistant to cefotaxime. Application of manure on fields contributed a significant input of <i>Enterococcus</i>, but those resistant to vancomycin were under the detection limit. This study shows the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a farm agro-ecosystem even without the administration of antibiotics to the animals and highlights the complexity of components influencing antimicrobial resistance in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}