JSFA reports最新文献

{"title":"Maltobionic acid protects against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone resorption","authors":"Ayaka Nishio,&nbsp;Daiki Suehiro,&nbsp;Honami Nakamura,&nbsp;Yuichiro Moriwaki,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nakagawa,&nbsp;Yoko Ukai,&nbsp;Akio Watanabe,&nbsp;Takayuki Yonezawa,&nbsp;Je Tae Woo,&nbsp;Ken Fukami,&nbsp;Motoko Ohnishi","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterized by decreased bone density. In this study, we evaluated the anti-osteoporotic effect of maltobionic acid (MB), one of the components of honey, and calcium maltobionate (MBCa) on bone density and metabolism using a mouse model of osteoporosis. The underlying mechanisms of MB and MBCa action were also investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were fed diet containing MB or MBCa for 80 days, and femoral bone mineral content and mineral density (BMD) were evaluated. As expected, OVX reduced BMD; however, the administration of MB and MBCa significantly prevented this decrease. Furthermore, MB and MBCa treatment significantly reduced the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), a bone resorption marker, and significantly increased the levels of serum calcitonin, compared to those in the OVX control group. In vitro, the relatively high-dose levels of MB and MBCa inhibited osteoclast differentiation by decreasing the protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), the master transcription factor of osteoclastogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed that osteoporotic mice treated with MB and MBCa had improved bone density and bone metabolism compared to the OVX controls. Moreover, it was hypothesized herein that the suppressive effect on osteoclast differentiation slightly contributed to these results concomitantly. These findings suggest that the intake of MB or MBCa may contribute to the maintenance of bone health, including the prevention of primary osteoporosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 11","pages":"384-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing insect repellence in open sun drying of fish through the combined influence of salt, turmeric, pepper and the bacteriocin nisin under tropical conditions","authors":"Nadia Nusrat,&nbsp;Md. Shaheed Reza,&nbsp;Muhammad Mehedi Hasan,&nbsp;Md. Kamal","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sun drying of fish in open air is an age-old traditional practice in Asia and some other parts of the world. This study aims to suggest optimal field doses of turmeric, pepper, salt and the bacteriocin nisin (food additive, E234) for open-sun-dried silver jewfish (<i>Johnius argentatus</i>) under a tropical environment. Investigations were carried out on the blowfly infestation, proximate composition, water reconstitution properties and organoleptic and microbial quality of open-air-dried fish samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A direct relationship between moisture reduction and drying period was observed with salt-treated samples demonstrating accelerated moisture reduction, reaching as low as 14.1% after 34 h. Turmeric and pepper treatments provided some protection against weight loss but ultimately extended the drying time to 38 h. Botanical pesticides like turmeric or pepper exhibited significant efficacy against blowfly adult and larval infestation with similar efficacy observed in 15% and 25% salt-treated samples. Proximate composition analysis revealed that salt-treated samples had lower moisture ranging from 14.1% to 16.0% but higher protein of 58.2%–62.1%, while the lipid and ash content did not vary significantly (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The water reconstitution properties of salt-treated samples exhibited superior rehydration rates, with the highest in nisin (Niseen S) + 15% salt-treated samples at 60°C, while organoleptic evaluations revealed salt-treated samples to possess favourable attributes with minimal insect infestation and broken pieces. Finally, microbial analysis demonstrated the lowest aerobic plate count in dried fish samples treated with nisin (Niseen S) alone or in combination with 15% salt and/or 3% turmeric ranging from 3.97 ± 0.20 to 4.33 ± 0.07 log cfu/g.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is concluded that 200 ppm nisin (Niseen S)-treated samples in combination with 3% turmeric and/or 15% salt are a viable option for producing high-quality dried fish in traditional open-air sun-drying practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 10","pages":"370-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Northern Finncattle steers compared to Holstein steers offered grass silage-grain-based ration","authors":"Liisa Keto,&nbsp;Katariina Manni,&nbsp;Anne Tuomivaara,&nbsp;Päivi Soppela,&nbsp;Arto Huuskonen","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Finnish beef production is largely based on dairy breeds. Eastern Finncattle, Western Finncattle, and Northern Finncattle (NFC) are native breeds, whereas Holstein (HO) and Nordic Red are the most important commercial dairy breeds. The NFC has been the closest to extinction among Finnish native cattle breeds. The objective of the experiment was to provide data on meat quality of NFC compared to HO. To our knowledge no previously published scientific data about the meat quality traits of NFC is available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The targeted slaughter age was 600 days for both NFC and HO. The carcass gain of the HO steers was 60% higher compared to NFC steers. No breed differences in dressing proportion, carcass conformation, or carcass fat score were observed. Breed had no effect on the pH, color, drip loss, chemical composition, shear force value, or sensory tenderness of the <i>longissimus lumborum</i> muscle. However, beef flavor of the NFC steers was evaluated 7% better compared to the HO steers. In addition, the <i>longissimus lumborum</i> muscle of the NFC steers tended to be juicier than that of the HO steers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only little variability in meat quality traits was observed between the breeds. However, NFC requires a longer growing period than HO when targeting the same carcass weight. To promote the use of the NFC in beef production, it is necessary to find other than economic production efficiency features, which would provide added value for premium meat quality to compensate the lower production efficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 10","pages":"362-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of crop diversification and its impact on farmers' income: A case study in Rangpur District, Bangladesh","authors":"Md Sayemul Islam,&nbsp;Hasneen Jahan,&nbsp;Nishat Sultana Ema,&nbsp;Md. Rubel Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.216","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the face of rising global food demand, climate change, and economic uncertainties, crop diversification has emerged as a crucial tool for achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. In Bangladesh, where the economy heavily relies on agriculture, crop diversification can play a vital role in enhancing farmers' livelihoods and domestic food production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study focuses on Rangpur district, an agricultural hub in Bangladesh, analyzing data from 122 farmers to assess the status, determinants, and effects of crop diversification. The Simpson Diversification Index (SDI) analysis revealed that 29% and 68% of the farmers exhibit very high and high degrees of crop diversification, respectively. The Tobit model identified significant drivers of crop diversification, including education, household size, farming experience, non-farm income, mobile phone information access, experience with climatic shocks, and land type. Additionally, the Log-Linear model indicated that each unit increase in the SDI score corresponds to a 2.41% increase in farmers' income.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study demonstrates that crop diversification is a key strategy for enhancing economic sustainability and increasing income among farmers in Bangladesh. By improving both economic outcomes and resilience, crop diversification supports sustainable agricultural practices in the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 10","pages":"352-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus johnsonii colonizing in mice intestine contributes to control the gut barrier function via regeneration of the crypt in DSS-treated mice","authors":"Yuying Bai,&nbsp;Mengying Lyu,&nbsp;Takashi Satoh,&nbsp;Kanami Orihara,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Miyanaga,&nbsp;Takahiro Adachi,&nbsp;Naoyuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unbalanced gut microbiota is considered to cause dysfunction of the gut barrier function. <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i> MG, isolated from mouse feces as gut associating lactobacilli, enhanced gut barrier function in Caco-2 cells via interaction with JAM-2 in tight junctions. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of <i>L. johnsonii</i> MG were investigated in a colitis mouse model developed by treating mice with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 9 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MG treatment of colitis mice resulted in fast recovery of the body weight and showed significant improvement in the disease activity index and histopathological scores. The histomorphological score increased by DSS treatment was significantly improved in the MG-treated group. In the intestine, the expression of <i>Ocln, Zo1, Itga6, Lama3</i>, and <i>Jam2</i> genes, which are involved in tight junction functions, were significantly upregulated in MG-treated colitis mice. In the microflora analysis, the abundance of <i>Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> were reduced in DSS-treated mice and recovered by MG treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reported the potential of <i>L. johnsonii</i> MG in the regeneration of crypts and integrity of matrix proteins in the gut of mice with colitis through its association with tight junctions. The experimental results provide new insights into the probiotic effect of tight junction associating <i>L. johnsonii</i> MG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 9","pages":"336-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pork cuts, hams, and sausages have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) close to or over 100","authors":"Natalia S. Fanelli,&nbsp;Juliana C. F. R. Martins,&nbsp;Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The “Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score” (DIAAS) method measures protein quality in human foods. Animal-based products generally have high protein quality, but DIAAS values for some pork products are not available. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS values for pork products, including three types of pork cuts, Italian hams, and sausages, and to test the hypothesis that all pork products have DIAAS equal to or greater than 100.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean SID of the indispensable AA in all pork products was above 90% and indicated excellent digestibility. For children from 6 months to 3 years old and individuals older than 3 years, prosciutto had greater (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) DIAAS than all other pork products. Tenderloin and Coppa had greater (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) DIAAS than back ribs, shoulder butt, chorizo, and bratwurst. There were no limiting AA in any of the pork products (DIAAS &gt;100) with the exception that sulfur AA (SAA: methionine + cysteine) were limiting in chorizo for children from 6 months to 3 years old (DIAAS = 99).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the exception of chorizo for children less than 3 years old, all pork products have “excellent” protein quality for individuals older than 6 months of age, with DIAAS greater than 100. Pork proteins can, therefore, complement proteins with low quality to produce a meal that is adequate in all AA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 9","pages":"326-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicted methane production from Italian ryegrass pastures with contrasting chemical composition under sheep grazing in Northern Norway","authors":"Q. Lardy,&nbsp;M. Ramin,&nbsp;M. Hetta,&nbsp;G. H. M. Jørgensen,&nbsp;V. Lind","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.213","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Norwegian sheep farming system relies on forages, such as grass silage during winter and grazing cultivated leys and rangeland pastures during summer. Sheep and other ruminants produce enteric methane (CH₄), a greenhouse gas of interest, and there is a need for reliable data on gas emissions from sheep capturing both the indoor feeding period and the grazing season. This study utilized an in vitro gas technique (with standard cow rumen fluid) and modeling approach to estimate CH₄ production and fermentation patterns based on two different qualities of Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) pasture under sheep grazing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbage quality was examined for two 10-day periods, in July and August. Differences in chemical composition of the herbage during these periods had an impact on herbage digestibility and CH₄ production. Total gas production and CH₄ levels were significantly higher for lower quality herbage grazed in July than for higher quality herbage grazed in August (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.005). Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen remained constant between the two periods, but the higher acetate to propionate (A/P) ratio correlated with the higher CH₄ production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that pasture quality is an important factor to consider when implementing grazing strategies to reduce enteric CH₄ production in sheep.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 8","pages":"316-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring data sources and farmers' perceptions regarding agrochemical use and food safety in Nigeria","authors":"Andrew Chiahalam Apeh,&nbsp;Chikamso Christian Apeh,&nbsp;Sunday Ifeanyi Ukwuaba,&nbsp;Ikechi Kelechi Agbugba,&nbsp;Helen Onyeaka","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Farmers in Nigeria are using agrochemicals inappropriately which pose health and environmental risks. The current research aims at establishing the socio-economic pressure factors behind these practices and also assesses the effectiveness of measures into reducing the risky use of agrochemicals. Data were collected from 840 participants comprising farmers and agrochemical marketers using a multistage sampling technique across six states in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and detailed case studies were employed to explore socio-economic antecedents of agrochemical application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings of this study showed that market demands, costs, and unavailability of safer compounds put the farmers in a dilemma regarding proper usage of agrochemicals. Among the farmers in Esanland, 96% of them applied agrochemicals in their farming activities without first following the best practices, and the reason was that 61% of them mentioned that they were compelled to use it due to market demands. Likewise in Fadan Daji, 65% farmers revealed that high cost and no training were the causes of their improper use of agrochemicals. This study also established that factors that hindered the prevention of these practices including financial constraints, lack of adequate education and training, and weak enforcement of regulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggested that to encourage proper utilization of agrochemicals, extended emphasis needs to be placed on addressing the socio-economic factors. Hence, the study recommended the following measures: incentives to facilitate the use of sustainable practices by encouraging financial rewards, extensive education, and training on the benefits of sustainable practices as well as new legislation to reduce supply of reckless agrochemicals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 8","pages":"304-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effects of essential oils on the growth of grain storage molds and the formation of aflatoxin in stored organic corn grains","authors":"Esther F. Iwayemi,&nbsp;Jianmei Yu,&nbsp;Djaafar Rehrah,&nbsp;Shurrita S. Davis,&nbsp;Leonard L. Williams","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.210","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.210","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mold contamination in post-harvest grain storage degrades grain quality and produces mycotoxins, causing economic losses and health issues. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of six essential oils (cinnamon, clove, eugenol, orange terpenes, oregano, and thyme oil) on total and specific mold genera growth using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and selective media plates, respectively, at different concentrations of EOs (0–0.8 mg/mL). The antifungal index (AI) of each treatment were measured after 7 days incubation at 22°C. The fungicidal activity of EOs in stored organic corn grains was tested using a simulated fumigation method, and the aflatoxin contents in the corn grains were determined biweekly for 6 weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results indicate that the tested EOs, except orange terpenes, significantly inhibited mold growth. Overall, eugenol demonstrated the highest effectiveness against total mold growth with cinnamon oil following closely behind. The cinnamon oil also consistently showed highest AI and lowest IC₅₀ (0.065 mg/mL) against the growth of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> followed by clove oil with IC₅₀ being 0.12 mg/mL. The <i>Fusarium</i> spp. was more sensitive to EOs, particularly cinnamon oil (IC₅₀ = 0.006 mg/mL), and eugenol and oregano oil (IC₅₀ = 0.01 mg/mL). In the simulated fumigation tests, cinnamon, oregano, and thyme oils at 0.05 mL/25 g corn significantly inhibited the mold growth and aflatoxin production at water activity 0.85, and temperature 25 and 35°C over a period of 42 days storage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The EOs tested in this study except orange terpenes can potentially serve as alternatives to toxic synthetic fungicides/fumigants for organic corn grain protection during storage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 7","pages":"286-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding food safety challenges through a gender and social lens in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Natalia Milovanova,&nbsp;Deborah C. Chukwugozie,&nbsp;Kezhiya David,&nbsp;Blessing Anthonia Okonji,&nbsp;Esther Ibe Njoagwuani,&nbsp;Ifeanyi Michael Onwukaeme,&nbsp;Nnabueze Darlington Nnaji,&nbsp;Helen Onyeaka,&nbsp;Phemelo Tamasiga","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food safety is crucial for ensuring the quality and safety of the global food supply. However, the gender and social dimensions of food safety are often overlooked and undervalued. Women, who are primary caretakers in households, play a vital role in food preparation, storage, and consumption. Gender inequality can result in limited access to resources and information needed for safe food handling and storage, increasing women's vulnerability to foodborne illnesses. Cultural practices, education, and income levels also impact food safety. These factors can contribute to disparities in food safety and increase the risk of foodborne illnesses among certain populations. Promoting gender equality, cultural sensitivity, and addressing income inequality are essential to ensure safe and secure food for all. Addressing these issues can lead to a more equitable and sustainable food system.</p>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 7","pages":"280-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}