JSFA reports最新文献

{"title":"The anthocyanin-enriched extract of Vaccinium corymbosum exerted in vitro and ex vivo antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities","authors":"Giuseppe Falcone,&nbsp;Mariangela Mazzone,&nbsp;Stefania Cesa,&nbsp;Francesco Cairone,&nbsp;Simone Carradori,&nbsp;Francesco Cellini,&nbsp;Annalisa Chiavaroli,&nbsp;Giustino Orlando,&nbsp;Maria Loreta Libero,&nbsp;Vittoria Perrotti,&nbsp;Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio,&nbsp;Gabriella Mincione","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> berries represent a source of anthocyanins and polyphenols studied and tested for their healthy potential. The present study was aimed at isolating, characterizing, and quantifying the anthocyanin-enriched fraction obtained from blueberry and at assessing its biological and protective effects against head and neck cell lines and under inflammatory-related conditions. <i>V. corymbosum</i> berries extract was subjected to colorimetric analysis, antioxidant evaluation, and HPLC-DAD analysis. This extract was characterized by chlorogenic acid and 12 glycosylated anthocyanins, being the most abundant delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside, malvidin-3-O-galactoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-arabinoside. The blueberry extract (BL) was further used in extensive biological evaluation. Head and neck cell lines, namely CAL27 and A253, were treated at different concentrations in order to evaluate cell migration ability and ErbB receptors and antioxidant enzymes gene expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The gene expression analysis highlighted the capability of BL to reduce ErbB receptors expression in CAL27 cell lines. The same treatments induced an opposite effect in A253 cell line for ErbB2/ErbB3 receptors. Moreover, in A253 cell line, BL increased SOD2 levels and reduced cell migration. The action of BL was also studied in an <i>ex vivo</i> experimental model of colon inflammation and was effective both in reducing the lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of different proinflammatory biomarkers involved in colon inflammation, among which tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, and in stimulating the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The content of specific anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid can be considered responsible of such biological activities providing a new food supplement as coadjuvant of standard therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 5","pages":"199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding MeOH: A literature review on methods for the determination of methanol in Lambanog and alcoholic beverages","authors":"Kristine Anne A. Ladines,&nbsp;Cynthia Grace C. Gregorio","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Lambanog</i> is a popular traditional alcoholic beverage in the Philippines. It plays an important role in special festivities and events, particularly in rural communities. <i>Lambanog</i> is a transparent white liquor made from fermented coconut flower sap. While <i>lambanog</i> has been consumed for many generations, the <i>lambanog</i> industry has failed to take off and compete in both domestic and international markets. Recent methanol (MeOH) adulteration issues have been a severe setback for the industry. The industry is also concerned about the lack of good and standardized production processes in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Because quality and safety issues are inherent elements of product definition, the lack of methods for MSMEs to define, validate, and test their <i>lambanog</i> makes it exceedingly difficult for the industry to become competitive. Due to the prevalence of methanol poisoning around the world, particularly in the Philippines, where there is unregistered and bootleg <i>lambanog</i> manufacture, this study was created to review existing methods for the determination of methanol. This includes colorimetric, spectroscopic, chromatographic, biochemical, electrochemical, assay-based, refractometer-based, and novel methods of detection of MeOH. This review aims to identify the most effective method for MeOH determination that can be translated into a paper-based device that can be potentially used by MSMEs in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 5","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of tolerance to the separate or combined hypnotic actions of different partitions of Melissa officinalis (total, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) and methanolic partition of Albizia julibrissin","authors":"Mahshid Rashidi,&nbsp;Masoud Sadeghi-Dinani,&nbsp;Mohammad Rabbani","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study investigates the hypnotic action of the methanolic partition of <i>Albizia julibrissin</i> (MPAJ) and various partitions (total, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) of <i>Melissa officinalis</i> (MO) in mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pentobarbital-induced sleep (PIS) time prolongation was used to assess the hypnotic action of test compounds. For the tolerance study, MO and MPAJ were given alone or in combination for 7 days, and then the locomotor activity of the mice was measured as an index of tolerance. Mortality of the herbal extracts was studied after intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral administration in mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Separate administration of total extracts of <i>Melissa officinalis</i> and methanolic extract of <i>Albizia julibrissin</i> at 12.5 mg/kg significantly increased the PIS time. In the combination of two plants, there was no additional or synergistic increase in sleepiness when compared to the separate administration of each plant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast to diazepam, the locomotor activity of the animals was not significantly altered after 7 days of injection with MPAJ or total extract of MO (TEMO), or their combinations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Separate administration of TEMO and MPAJ provides significant hypnotic effects. The combination of two extracts, however, does not result in synergistic or additive hypnotic action. The lack of additive effects could be due to possible interaction by components of the two plants. The increase in mortality rate and undesirable reactions observed after i.p. administration of MPAJ is probably due to the absorption of certain toxic compounds that are not normally absorbed after oral administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 5","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From barnyard to boarding pass: Exploring livestock's world tour","authors":"R. K. Warne,&nbsp;S. Cleaveland,&nbsp;A. L. Chaber","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Growing global demand for meat and milk has fuelled an increase in the trade in animal products, but there is still little awareness of the magnitude and characteristics of the trade in live animals. In this study, we investigated the international trade of 12 live food-producing animal species, including poultry (‘chickens’, ‘ducks’, ‘geese’ and ‘turkeys’), ruminants (‘cattle’, ‘sheep’, ‘goats’, ‘camels’ and ‘buffalo’), pigs and ‘other’ food-producing animals (‘rabbits and hares’ and ‘horses’) as reported to the FAOStat database between 2005 and 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis revealed that international trade in most species had increased over the study period. Chickens were numerically the most traded species with an average of 1.4 billion live chickens internationally traded annually. Live export of chickens demonstrated the greatest growth over the study period, with an estimated additional 58 million animals traded each year. Intercontinental trade was also substantial, contributing to 10% or more of the international trade in eight of the 12 species. Many countries were also bidirectional traders for multiple species. The Netherlands, Germany and Poland were among both the highest importers and highest exporters for multiple species between 2019 and 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides valuable insight on the scale and trends in the international trade in livestock to inform regulations and practices that might be needed to mitigate potential threats associated with livestock movements, including disease emergence and spread, poor animal welfare, antimicrobial resistance and environmental degradation, while supporting demands and need for livestock-based foods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"149-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium dioxide replacement with inorganic alternatives for color-masking of ferrous fumarate in double fortified salt","authors":"Diana L. Teichman,&nbsp;Juveria Siddiqui,&nbsp;Manpreet K. Chadha,&nbsp;Daniel Lopez de Romana,&nbsp;Mandana Arabi,&nbsp;Levente L. Diosady","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.231","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has been widely used in food products, including gums, candies and in fortified salt as a white coloring agent of iron premixes. TiO₂ (E171) was banned by the European Food Safety Authority in 2021, with potential carcinogenicity concerns. This study assesses the feasibility of using inorganic alternatives to replace TiO₂ in ferrous fumarate-based iron premixes for salt fortification for treatment of iron and iodine deficiencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Varying levels of alternatives were utilized: calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc oxide, calcium sulfate, and commercial formulations Opadry®, and Nutrafinish®. Adhesives included HPMC and gum Arabic with soy stearin as an overcoat moisture barrier. Preliminary results for M<i>g</i>CO₃ premixes had poor adhesion, leading to exposed iron, which will be addressed in further studies. ZnO, Opadry, CaCO₃ and CaSO₄ premixes resembled TiO₂ premixes in terms of coverage and color, especially CaSO₄, attributed to calcium sulfate's small particle size resulting in high surface area for coverage. Premixes stored in iodized salt at 25, 35, 45°C and elevated humidity, for 9-month stability studies retained over 70% iodine, confirming successful encapsulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CaSO₄, CaCO₃ and ZnO premixes were successful in terms of appearance and stability of fortificants over 9-month storage. The levels of calcium in fortified salt were lower than that which would impede iron absorption. Therefore, these calcium and zinc alternatives would be suitable alternatives to titanium dioxide premix for use in fortified salts. Premixes will be scaled-up for cost-effective salt fortification to address micronutrient deficiencies in low middle income countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"128-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical analysis and sensory properties of okra pectin chocolate during storage","authors":"Gifty Williams,&nbsp;Maame Y. B. Adjei,&nbsp;Jacob K. Agbenorhevi,&nbsp;Leonard D. K. De-Souza,&nbsp;Fidelis M. Kpodo,&nbsp;Genevieve Pawar","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The quality of chocolate during storage influences its consumer acceptability. In this study, quality grading of chocolate formulated with okra pectin was evaluated for its sensory characteristics (texture, appearance, aroma, flavour, mouthfeel and aftertaste) simultaneously with instrumental texture and colour analysis to assess changes during storage at ambient conditions. A quality grading scale was developed by a quality grading panel to evaluate the sensory qualities of the chocolates on a monthly basis over a four-month storage period. The quality properties of the stored chocolates were described and quantified based on consensus agreement by the trained quality panel. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyse the relationship between the sensory and instrumental data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, the formulated chocolate and the control samples experienced changes in the sensory and instrumental parameters during storage. The most remarkable changes for the formulated chocolates were observed for appearance. The formulated samples were described as slightly bloomed or moderately bloomed after the first month of storage and persisted throughout the storage period by scoring either a 5 or a 6. F17 (control) was the hardest sample after fourth month, recording 18642.20 ± 4215.95.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present findings show the sensory and texture profile of okra pectin chocolate during storage and can be exploited by the confectionery industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 5","pages":"212-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of plant science higher education reveals mixed provision which falls short of delivering national priorities","authors":"Sarah Trinder,&nbsp;Thomas Heaven,&nbsp;Matteo Luberti,&nbsp;Sophie Read,&nbsp;Adam Scanlon,&nbsp;Chris Gauntner,&nbsp;Alec Forsyth,&nbsp;Alison C. Foster","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many reports from the UK government and other organisations highlight a need for a plant aware workforce, and some enumerate specific areas of plant science where there is a skills shortage. We have undertaken a systematic analysis of the content of degree programmes that advertise as teaching plant biology to determine if the UK Higher Education (HE) sector is delivering the graduates required to meet the skills gaps reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data reveals a highly mixed picture of delivery from 1- to 4-year courses, modules ranging from 10 to 40 credits, and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) providing variable information on their websites. Our analysis shows that on average (irrespective of credit) a module covers three subject areas. Most courses have little plant content and it is generally taught with other subjects on a module. The most substantial plant-specific subject teaching is delivered on 18 courses we have identified as Plant Science courses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, the UK HE sector is not delivering graduates with the skill set outlined in numerous reports as required to enable food production in a changing climate. Any prospective student (or employer) will find it virtually impossible to determine which degree will deliver the skills they need as there is no plant curriculum offered across the board, and specific information is hidden within module descriptors on websites. If the skills outlined as being essential for the economy and society are truly important, then a new approach is required.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"78-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated characterization of Greek fennel genotypes through morpho-agronomical characteristics, yield components and phytochemical compounds","authors":"Kalliopi I. Kadoglidou,&nbsp;Christos Maliachovas,&nbsp;Parthenopi Ralli,&nbsp;Maria Irakli,&nbsp;Nektaria Tsivelika,&nbsp;Athanasios G. Mavromatis,&nbsp;Paschalina Chatzopoulou","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.232","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fennel (<i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> Mill.) is a widely cultivated vegetable and aromatic-medicinal plant. In this research, field studies assessed 12 fennel genotypes of diverse origin, comprising 10 Greek accessions and two European commercial varieties, focusing on their morpho-agronomical traits, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in the aboveground biomass. Emphasis gave on the post-harvest determination of seed yield and essential oil's (EO's) profile for each genotype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multivariate data analysis on both morpho-agronomical descriptors and EO's components demonstrated clear distinction of Greek fennel accessions (groups I and III) from commercial varieties (group II). Accessions of groups I and III were ranked with intermediate values of height, foliage density, leaf length, green color intensity and primary canopy diameter. In addition, fennel accessions differentiated in their EO's yield (ranged from 2.2% to 7.8%), although they exhibited similar qualitative profile. The main EO's compound of group I was <i>trans</i>-anethole, estragole and fenchone for group III, while commercial varieties characterized by high concentration in <i>trans</i>-anethole and fenchone. Variations among genotypes were also demonstrated in the content of total phenolics (7.0–11.6 mg g⁻¹ on dry weight basis, dw) and flavonoids (5.9–12.4 mg g⁻¹ dw), while the antioxidant activity determined by ABTS test, varied from 9.0 to 16.2 mg Trolox equivalents g⁻¹ dw.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The observed variability in morpho-agronomical descriptors and phytochemical profile among fennel genotypes recorded for the first time the potential of Greek native genetic material. The data of this research provides useful information for direct future uses in pharmaceutical industry and for applications in plant breeding programs, aiming to produce new type of fennel varieties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation and quantification of mycotoxins in floral tissue of hemp (Cannabis sativa) infected with Fusarium graminearum","authors":"Isabelle A. Kagan,&nbsp;Henry S. Smith,&nbsp;Rachel R. Schendel,&nbsp;Nicole Gauthier","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fungal pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> produces mycotoxins when it infects grains. This pathogen also infects hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. containing less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol or THC). The presence of trichothecene mycotoxins like deoxynivalenol (DON) has not been reported in floral tissue of hemp infected with <i>F. graminearum</i>. The object of this study was to develop a method to extract three trichothecene mycotoxins—DON, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON)—from hemp floral tissue, and to quantify the mycotoxins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Standards of nivalenol (NIV), DON-3-glucoside (D3G), DON, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON were separated from each other and from standards of several cannabinoids. Standard curves were linear (<i>R</i>-squared values &gt;0.99). Recoveries from hemp spiked with 36 μg/g mycotoxins were 86%–90% for DON, 75%–77% for 15-ADON, and 86%–101% for 3-ADON. In extracts of hemp inflorescences infected with different strains of <i>F. graminearum</i> (15-ADON chemotypes), DON was detected in one sample. Other samples contained 15-ADON but no detectable DON, or neither mycotoxin in detectable amounts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mycotoxins were separated from cannabinoids. DON was also separated from matrix components, and 15-ADON and 3-ADON were partially separated from matrix components. The presence of DON in hemp may depend on fungal strain or stage of disease development, as well as the sensitivity of the method. The current method could quantify DON and 15-ADON at about 3 μg/g in hemp floral tissue, and 3-ADON at about 6 μg/g.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"140-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory and chemical profiles of bread derived from the novel semi- and wholegrain flour enrichment of Triticum aestivum L. old genotypes with organic stinging nettle","authors":"Ilaria Marotti,&nbsp;Elettra Frassineti,&nbsp;Mattia Alpi,&nbsp;Giovanni Dinelli","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bread made from refined <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. flour, a staple food in large parts of the world, is considered a nutrient security risk. Strategies used to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of wheat-derived food products include the use of semi- or wholegrain flour, old genotypes, and enrichment through fortification. Limited studies exist on biofortifying staples with neglected and underutilized species. The innovative approach of the present study was to combine all aforementioned strategies, which involved the enrichment of semi-wholegrain and wholegrain bakery products derived from an organically cultivated mix of five <i>T. aestivum</i> soft wheat landraces (Andriolo and Gentil Rosso) and old varieties (Frassineto, Inallettabile, and Verna) with <i>Urtica dioica</i> L. (stinging nettle [SN]), also cultivated under sustainable management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The organoleptic assessment showed that the enrichment of semi-wholegrain and wholegrain traditional Italian bakery products with 3% SN was appreciated for the first time by free tasters representing the “health conscious” sector of the population. Moreover, the functional component content (fiber, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antiradical activity) significantly exceeded that reported previously for refined flour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consumer acceptance of SN-enriched wholegrain bakery products shows potential to meet the increased demand for fortified products, with the raw ingredients suited for cultivation under environmentally sustainable management practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}