Asian archaeologyPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1007/s41826-025-00108-z
Mitch Hendrickson, Sébastien Clouet, Ellen Hsieh, Christian Fischer, Kaseka Phon, Dominique Soutif, Quan Hua, Julia Estève, Cristina Castillo Cobo
{"title":"Loose change? Evaluating the roles of Chinese coins in the Angkorian Khmer Empire","authors":"Mitch Hendrickson, Sébastien Clouet, Ellen Hsieh, Christian Fischer, Kaseka Phon, Dominique Soutif, Quan Hua, Julia Estève, Cristina Castillo Cobo","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00108-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00108-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interactions with China and India played an important part in the development of the Angkorian Khmer Empire. Recent discovery of several Chinese coins at the regional centre of Preah Khan of Kompong Svay provides an opportunity to see how these objects were used in Angkor’s moneyless economy. The broader distribution and function of Chinese coins in Southeast Asia is evaluated before examining why so few examples have been discovered in Cambodia. It is argued that coins served a plurality of functions ranging from deposit, cash, ingot, cure, and curio in the Angkorian world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"121 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41826-025-00108-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian archaeologyPub Date : 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1007/s41826-025-00105-2
Gino Caspari
{"title":"Reflections on water: funerary practice and symbolism at the Bronze Age site of Xiaohe","authors":"Gino Caspari","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00105-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00105-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Bronze Age Xiaohe site allows for detailed archaeological analysis of funerary practices due to exceptional organic preservation in a hyperarid environment. Burials feature boat-shaped coffins, cattle skulls and hides, and grave markers resembling paddles and mooring posts. Material remains and environmental data indicate a deep cultural connection to water. The intentional inversion of burial elements suggests a conceptualization of an otherworld as a mirrored realm of the living. This article revisits early interpretations of Xiaohe burial practice and underscores the importance of considering symbols within broader cultural and environmental contexts, while providing interpretations rooted in data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"87 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41826-025-00105-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: The earliest archaeological record of Menispermaceae from the mid-Pleistocene Palaeolithic Gantangqing site in central Yunnan, Southwest China and its environmental implications","authors":"Guan-Yu Chen, Jian-Hui Liu, Huan-Chong Wang, Yong-Jiang Huang","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00109-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00109-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"137 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian archaeologyPub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1007/s41826-025-00106-1
Yanze Ge, Ruiyu Lu
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of monumental landscapes on population aggregation in Hongshan Culture","authors":"Yanze Ge, Ruiyu Lu","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00106-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00106-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Around 5,500 years ago, the Hongshan Culture in Northeast China witnessed the emergence of numerous monumental landscapes. These sacred and grand monuments would have held enduring allure for local inhabitants and visitors from distant regions, leading to them participating in the process of population aggregation. The Niuheliang site complex stands out as one of the most renowned examples, featuring an integrated monumental landscape comprising a goddess temple, piled-stone tomb cemeteries, and settlements. Such structures are widespread within the extent of Hongshan culture. Among these, excavated sites like Dongshanzui, Banlashan and Tianjiagou contribute significantly to our understanding of Hongshan monumental landscapes and people’s general cosmology. Integrating these compositions, three characteristics of Hongshan monumental landscapes are generalized—significance, collectivity and complexity. Correspondingly, three factors that make monumental landscapes attractive to the population are addressed—common beliefs, social labor and public power.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"97 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian archaeologyPub Date : 2025-04-29DOI: 10.1007/s41826-025-00107-0
C. F. W. Higham, M. J. Alves
{"title":"The Southeast Asian prehistoric house: a correlation between archaeology and linguistics","authors":"C. F. W. Higham, M. J. Alves","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00107-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00107-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Austroasiatic languages are spoken from Southeast Asia to central India, and their divergences evidence a considerable passage of time since speakers of the proto language spread south from the lower Yangtze region. Proto-Austroasiatic etyma for the house and its component parts have raised the possibility of their validation through matching archaeological data. It is found that there is a correlation between linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence that involved the expansion of Neolithic rice farmers who brought with them a cultural package of agriculture, pottery, domesticated animals and housing structures, and who integrated with the indigenous hunter gatherer communities they encountered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"109 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41826-025-00107-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The earliest archaeological record of Menispermaceae from the mid-Pleistocene Palaeolithic Gantangqing site in central Yunnan, Southwest China and its environmental implications","authors":"Guan-Yu Chen, Jian-Hui Liu, Huan-Chong Wang, Yong-Jiang Huang","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00103-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00103-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Menispermaceae is a large family with a rich fossil record, but its archaeological occurrences remain scarce. Here we report the earliest archaeological record of the family, based on structurally preserved fruit stones (endocarps) of its two genera, namely <i>Sinomenium</i> and <i>Stephania</i>, recovered from multiple layers at the mid-Pleistocene (361‒250 Ka BP) Paleolithic Gantangqing site in the southern Fuxian Lake basin, central Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The fruit stones of <i>Sinomenium</i> are characterized by a horseshoe shape, an excavated central area surrounded by a slightly asymmetrical C-shaped lateral crest decorated with transverse ridges and an elliptic aperture located near the longer limb. Those of <i>Stephania</i> are characterized by a horseshoe shape with a lateral crest decorated with transverse ribs and a condyle area. As the modern plants of the two genera grow in the understory or on the edge of evergreen broadleaved forests in tropical to subtropical climates, we propose a tropical to subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest at or near the Gantangqing site in central Yunnan during the mid-Pleistocene. Based on the human occupation of the Gantangqing site at the time of plant deposition, we further suggest that these early humans probably lived in or on the edge of this tropical to subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in the vicinity of the ancient Fuxian Lake at that time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"53 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian archaeologyPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1007/s41826-025-00104-3
Keyao Chen
{"title":"The “matrix” and related concepts in the Chinese archaeological excavation recording system","authors":"Keyao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00104-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00104-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excavation and recording methods and their development over time are unique windows into the development of the field of archaeology in relation to a combination of practical local factors, theoretical outlooks, and research questions. The “matrix” (also called the Harris Matrix) is a practical diagram used in field archaeological investigations to represent the relationships between different layers and features and their relative ages. While the Harris Matrix was developed by the British archaeologist, Edward C. Harris, the new matrix version used in China is deeply rooted in the unique local grid tradition of field excavation and the “traditional Chinese stratigraphic relationship matrix,” which is called the “connection diagram”. A connection diagram can classify complex matrix relationships and can be designed at different levels to serve different research purposes. In the connection diagram, stratigraphic units are divided into deposit units and feature units. Feature units reflect the Chinese concept of “combination”, which is helpful to judge the nature of the features. The connection diagram meets the requirements of Chinese field archaeology and plays an important role in improving our understanding and the precision and uniformity of archaeological recording in the field, but it also has some weaknesses. Nowadays, Chinese archaeologists strengthened exchanges with Western archaeology, when combined with the reality of their own country, allow a continuous stream of new breakthroughs and progress in the field of archaeological theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"73 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian archaeologyPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1007/s41826-025-00102-5
Aidong Chen
{"title":"Archaeological study of the state sacrificial system of Qin’s 秦in the Yongcheng 雍城 Region","authors":"Aidong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00102-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00102-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The city of Yongcheng was an important capital in the history of Qin. State alter sacrifice (<i>zhi ji</i>) was a ritual system that offered sacrifices to “the heaven, the earth, and the Five Thearchs” that was formed by the people of Qin inheriting Zhou`s tradition of offering sacrifices to “the god and the ancestors”. In the Yongcheng region, the people of Qin consecutively established the Fu, Mi, Upper Wuyang, and Lower Wuyang state alters. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang added the Northern state alter to “the four state alters of Qin” to form “the five state alters of Yongcheng”. During the reign of Emperor Wu (141–87 BCE), many sacrificial ceremonies were conducted at the five state alters of Yongcheng. The alters were completely abolished during the Wang Mang era (9–23 CE). Based on recent archaeological surveys and excavations, this paper conducts a preliminary study on the remains of state alter sacrifices in the Yongcheng region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"39 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian archaeologyPub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1007/s41826-025-00101-6
Zhe Zhang, Chunxue Wang
{"title":"Adaptation strategies in reindeer herding among the Evenki (Tungus) peoples: implications for the collapse of the Hongshan culture","authors":"Zhe Zhang, Chunxue Wang","doi":"10.1007/s41826-025-00101-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-025-00101-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The abundance of empirical evidence from both direct observations and environmental proxy data overwhelmingly supports the reality of global warming, leaving little room for scientific controversy regarding temperature increases. The perceptions of climate change among the Evenki align closely with scientific research findings, indicating their heavy dependence on the natural environment and the significant impact of climate change on their subsistence. The Evenki people, who are reindeer herders, exhibit high resiliency in facing the challenges caused by climate change. The examination of modern Evenki people provides new insight for reconsidering the collapse of the Hongshan Culture. When confronted with climate change during the late Neolithic period, the Hongshan Culture demonstrated greater resilience and reduced vulnerability following a restructuring in response to a catastrophic stimulus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"31 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian archaeologyPub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1007/s41826-024-00100-z
Tao Han, Yaxiong Liu, Wenxin Zhang
{"title":"The origin and flow of a Bronze Age urban population in ancient China: an investigation based on the craniometric study","authors":"Tao Han, Yaxiong Liu, Wenxin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s41826-024-00100-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41826-024-00100-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <i>Dahekou</i> cemetery in southern Shanxi Province is an important archaeological site dating to the Western Zhou period (1046 BC-771 BC). Based on the inscriptions on funerary artefacts, the cemetery is believed to belong to a local enfeoffed state named <i>Ba</i> (霸), which was not mentioned in historical records. Previous archaeological studies failed to reach any definite conclusion on the origin and flow direction of the <i>Dahekou</i> people, which was one of the research questions of concern, waiting to be interpreted. In this paper, we assessed the biological affinity between the <i>Dahekou</i> people and the populations that lived before and after them in the surrounding area by conducting a cluster analysis of their craniometric data. The results show that the earlier <i>Youyao</i> group, the later <i>Shangma</i> and <i>Taosibei</i> groups have the closest affinity to the <i>Dahekou</i> population. This paper thus argues that the <i>Dahekou</i> people were most likely descendants of a branch of a nomadic civilization named <i>Di</i> (狄) who came from north-central Shanxi. After the demise of the <i>Ba</i> state, the <i>Dahekou</i> people were incorporated into the people of the <i>Jin</i> (晋) state represented by two nearby cemeteries. This study also shows that craniometry could assist in the addressing of some research questions which failed to be answered by historical records, like where the people of a newly enfeoffed state of a Bronze Age dynasty came from.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93733,"journal":{"name":"Asian archaeology","volume":"9 1","pages":"15 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41826-024-00100-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}