中国古代青铜器时代城市人口的起源与流动:基于颅骨测量学的调查

Tao Han, Yaxiong Liu, Wenxin Zhang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

山西南部的大河口墓地是西周时期(公元前1046年-公元前771年)的重要考古遗址。根据陪葬品上的铭文,该墓地被认为属于一个名为“巴”的地方分封国,在历史记录中没有提到。以往的考古研究未能对大河口人的起源和流动方向得出明确的结论,这是值得关注的研究问题之一,有待进一步解释。本文通过对大河口人的颅骨测量数据进行聚类分析,评估了大河口人与其前后居住在周边地区的人群之间的生物学亲缘性。结果表明,较早的油窑群、较晚的上马群和桃思北群与大河口群亲缘关系最密切。因此,本文认为大河口人很可能是来自山西中北部的游牧文明迪(狄)的后裔。巴国灭亡后,大河口人被合并为金国人,以附近的两个墓地为代表。这项研究还表明,颅形测量法可以帮助解决一些历史记录无法回答的研究问题,比如青铜器时代王朝新割让的国家的人民来自哪里。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The origin and flow of a Bronze Age urban population in ancient China: an investigation based on the craniometric study

The Dahekou cemetery in southern Shanxi Province is an important archaeological site dating to the Western Zhou period (1046 BC-771 BC). Based on the inscriptions on funerary artefacts, the cemetery is believed to belong to a local enfeoffed state named Ba (霸), which was not mentioned in historical records. Previous archaeological studies failed to reach any definite conclusion on the origin and flow direction of the Dahekou people, which was one of the research questions of concern, waiting to be interpreted. In this paper, we assessed the biological affinity between the Dahekou people and the populations that lived before and after them in the surrounding area by conducting a cluster analysis of their craniometric data. The results show that the earlier Youyao group, the later Shangma and Taosibei groups have the closest affinity to the Dahekou population. This paper thus argues that the Dahekou people were most likely descendants of a branch of a nomadic civilization named Di (狄) who came from north-central Shanxi. After the demise of the Ba state, the Dahekou people were incorporated into the people of the Jin (晋) state represented by two nearby cemeteries. This study also shows that craniometry could assist in the addressing of some research questions which failed to be answered by historical records, like where the people of a newly enfeoffed state of a Bronze Age dynasty came from.

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