Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Near-fault ground motions and regional shaking damage assessment of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake in Japan","authors":"Katsuichiro Goda,&nbsp;Nobuhito Mori,&nbsp;Takuya Miyashita,&nbsp;Raffaele De Risi,&nbsp;Zhiwang Chang","doi":"10.1007/s10518-025-02114-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-025-02114-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents ground motion analyses and regional shaking risk assessments for the January 1st, 2024, Noto Peninsula earthquake in Japan. The ground motion analyses are carried out to identify a suitable prediction model of spatially correlated ground motion fields and to study the directivity and velocity pulses of near-fault ground motions. Moreover, a probabilistic regional shaking risk model for residential buildings on the Noto Peninsula is developed by integrating the ground motion data and models, building exposure data with regional characteristics (structural type and construction year), and seismic fragility functions for residential buildings in Japan. Results from the regional shaking risk assessment are obtained as cumulative probability distributions of the number of majorly damaged buildings at prefectural and municipality levels and are compared with the observed building damage statistics for the 2024 earthquake. Sensitivity analyses of the regional shaking risk assessment highlight the importance of incorporating local observations and relevant data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 5","pages":"1829 - 1858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simplified loss-based procedure for seismic risk mitigation at a territorial scale","authors":"Federico Gusella,&nbsp;Gianni Bartoli,&nbsp;Barbara Pintucchi","doi":"10.1007/s10518-025-02117-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-025-02117-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The socio-economic and political impact of recent earthquakes proved the urgent need to develop a comprehensive methodology for creating earthquake scenarios and conducting risk analysis focusing on European buildings. Referring to the structural typologies identified by the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98), an easy procedure to identify the expected annual loss and the target of retrofitting interventions for reducing the seismic risk is developed, with the goal of promoting an analysis at territorial level. The procedure, based on the Loss-Based Earthquake Engineering, can serve as a tool for policymakers in planning future mitigation policies and assessing the effectiveness of implemented measures. Initially, a framework to identify the fragility curves for all building typologies, as classified in EMS-98, is proposed. In the second step, the expected annual loss is estimated through a simplified formulation. Finally, a closed-form equation is developed to identify recommended retrofitting interventions to achieve a target risk class. To promote the use of the procedure and prove its accuracy, it has been applied to several typological structures, and results have been compared with those derived by literature approaches. The proposed method is confirmed to be easily applicable and more accurate in economically quantifying the seismic loss, considering the period of vibration of the structure and the soil category. The use of the procedure is recommended to practitioners for a preliminary evaluation of the costs and benefits of structural interventions in large-scale planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 5","pages":"1941 - 1968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-025-02117-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic retrofit of pre-damaged RC elements using thin strain-hardening cementitious composite jackets","authors":"Anthos I. Ioannou,&nbsp;Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou,&nbsp;Michael F. Petrou,&nbsp;Dimos C. Charmpis","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02090-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02090-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of cementitious materials with post-cracking strain hardening stress strain response in tension presents opportunities for retrofitting reinforced concrete elements through the application of very thin jackets, a technique that preserves the original geometry of the component. This retrofitting solution is studied experimentally in this work by replacing the damaged cover of lightly reinforced structural elements, which were previously tested under cyclic displacement reversals, simulating earthquake effects. Test specimens were detailed to represent older construction practices, where inadequate lap splicing of longitudinal reinforcement, light transverse reinforcement and thin concrete covers were common. Upon cyclic loading of the retrofitted components, the contribution of the thin jackets to the strength and deformation recovery of the old type reinforced concrete elements was examined considering the pre-existing damage. It was found that the efficacy of cover replacement with strain-hardening composites is significant not only for strength recovery but also in terms of enhanced deformability of the retrofitted component. The experimental response envelope was simulated using advanced nonlinear finite element modeling to gain improved insights regarding the stress state in the cover-replacement retrofitting layer, and to explore the performance of this retrofitting method for parameter values beyond the range of the experimental program. The amount of confinement exerted by the strain hardening cover was related to the tensile strength of the cover material and it controlled the strength recovery. However, by suppressing all brittle modes of failure along the shear span of the component, the reinforcement anchorage in the footing dominated the eventual failure mode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 5","pages":"2171 - 2200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-024-02090-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-cycle seismic resilience of deteriorating highway bridges under mainshock-aftershock sequences","authors":"Ruiwei Feng,&nbsp;Ahmed Y. Elghazouli,&nbsp;Yaohan Li,&nbsp;You Dong,&nbsp;Zhengnan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10518-025-02122-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-025-02122-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reinforced concrete highway bridges often experience seismic events coupled with progressive deterioration due to corrosion over their lifespan. In many cases, the seismic mainshocks are followed by significant aftershocks, causing cumulative damage that disrupts normal operations and delays the restoration of bridges. Current research however lacks detailed assessment of seismic resilience considering the effects of aftershocks and corrosion deterioration over the lifetime of bridges. This study proposes a methodology for evaluating the life-cycle seismic resilience of deteriorating structures under mainshock and aftershock (MS-AS) sequences. Three multi-span reinforced concrete highway bridges with different geometries are used as benchmarks. A suite of 80 pairs of ground motion sequences is selected for undertaking the resilience evaluations based on the seismic scenarios considered. The Park-Ang damage index is adopted for the purpose of quantifying the cumulative damage. Nonlinear dynamic analysis is used to provide detailed insights into the mechanisms through which the aftershocks affect the cumulative damage. Based on the results, time-dependent system fragility curves under MS-AS sequences are developed in conjunction with a cumulative damage capacity model for the bridge piers. The seismic resilience of the bridges is subsequently assessed under ground motion sequences at different service times, and the effects of aftershocks and corrosion-induced deterioration on the resilience are examined. Finally, the life-cycle seismic resilience of the deteriorating benchmark bridges under MS-AS sequences is evaluated using the suggested framework. It is shown that the influence of aftershocks on the cumulative damage depends on a number of inter-related factors, including the relative mainshock-aftershock intensity as well as the dynamic characteristics of the bridges. The findings highlight the merits of the proposed framework in evaluating the life-cycle seismic resilience of bridges for different hazard scenarios and deterioration conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 5","pages":"2137 - 2169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-025-02122-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster analysis for informing vulnerability assessment of masonry churches to natural hazards","authors":"Federica Del Carlo,&nbsp;Silvia Caprili,&nbsp;Tiago Miguel Ferreira,&nbsp;Pere Roca,&nbsp;Marco Uzielli","doi":"10.1007/s10518-025-02116-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-025-02116-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to a census by the Catholic Church, Italy’s territory hosts more than sixty thousand buildings of worship. Most of these buildings were built between the first and the nineteenth century A.D., with a load-bearing masonry structure that proved to be particularly prone to damage due to natural hazards. This investigation explores the use of clustering algorithms to identify and cluster typologies of buildings and archetypes. The aim is to define statistical models for the geometric and mechanical properties, to delineate a set of reference structures representative of the whole building stock, and finally select ‘indicator attributes’ that can be used in developing seismic and landslide vulnerability indicators. The proposed methodology is applied to a specific portfolio of seventy-one churches in the north-western area of the Tuscany region (Italy). The main geometric and mechanical features of the churches included in the portfolio are gathered using a new simplified Rapid Visual Survey form. A procedure is then proposed to define representative archetypes using three well-known clustering algorithms (K-Means, Gaussian Mixture Models, and Kernel-density). When analysed together, the identified archetypes can portray the variability of the geometric and mechanical properties in the selected portfolio, constituting a basis for developing new vulnerability models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 5","pages":"2113 - 2136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear performance analysis of grouted sleeve connection region in precast assembled columns","authors":"Hongtao Liu,&nbsp;Pengchao Kong,&nbsp;Wenxiao Chen,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1007/s10518-025-02118-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-025-02118-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Grouted sleeves are widely used in precast assembled structures. Many experiments show that grouted sleeves enhance strength and stiffness in the Grouted Sleeve Connection Region (GSCR) of precast columns. However, measuring the GSCR’s shear strength is challenging in tests due to sleeve length, as it’s an inherent part of these columns. Firstly, the GSCR mechanics model was developed using Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT). A shear strength calculation method for GSCR was also proposed by analyzing its cross-sectional strains. Subsequently, the logic of the calculation process was validated by calculating the shear strength of cast-in-place short columns and its accuracy was confirmed through finite element analysis. Finally, the effect of grouted sleeves on GSCR’s shear strength under varying axial compression and moment was analyzed using the established computational method. The analysis showed that the shear strength of GSCR was significantly higher than the shear strength normal concrete section. The grouted sleeves bore most of the shear force. The GSCR section’s shear strength increased with rising axial compression ratio but weakened as the bending moment grew. These findings offer valuable insights into the analysis of shear strength in regions with grouted sleeves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 5","pages":"2085 - 2112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance and repairability assessment of resilient RAC frame structures employing UHSB in columns","authors":"Weiheng Liu,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang,&nbsp;Man Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10518-025-02126-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-025-02126-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the influence of ultra-high strength steel bars (UHSB) on the seismic performance and repairability of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) frame structures, low cyclic loading tests were conducted on two frame structures. HRB600-grade steel bars were used as the longitudinal reinforcement in columns of HRB600-reinforced frame structure (HFS), while UHSB were employed as the longitudinal reinforcement in columns of UHSB-reinforced frame structure (UFS). The experimental results indicated that the damage evolution of specimens was similar. However, there was no plastic hinge forming at the column ends in the UFS. The plastic hinge at the column ends in the HFS led to a greater energy dissipation capacity compared to the UFS, particularly beyond 2.0% drift. At a horizontal drift of 1.0%, the HFS and UFS can be reused without any repair. However, at a horizontal drift of 2.5%, the HFS can be reused after repair. The residual drift of UFS was within 0.5%, indicating that UFS can be reused after simple repair. When the horizontal drift reached 3.5%, the HFS was difficult to repair, whereas the residual drift of the UFS was still less than 1.0% and able to repair. Additionally, finite element models, considering the bond-slip behavior between weakly bonded UHSB and RAC, were established by setting nonlinear springs. The influences of varying UHSB ratios and axial compression ratios of columns were analyzed. It is recommended to control both the UHSB ratio and the axial compression ratio in resilient RAC frame structures to mitigate the risk of progressive collapse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 5","pages":"2017 - 2045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic fragility curves with unconventional ground motion intensity measures from physics-based simulations","authors":"I. E. Monsalvo Franco,&nbsp;C. Smerzini,&nbsp;A. Rosti,&nbsp;M. Rota,&nbsp;R. Paolucci,&nbsp;A. Penna","doi":"10.1007/s10518-025-02104-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-025-02104-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the performance of different ground motion intensity measures in observational fragility studies, using damage data from the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake and leveraging physics-based numerical simulations (PBS) to calibrate fragility functions. The dataset included masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) buildings representative of the Italian building stock. The optimality (efficiency, proficiency and practicality) of a wide set of ground motion intensity measures was assessed with two methodologies introduced specifically in this work for such purpose. Results from both methodologies are consistent, highlighting the superior performance of average spectral acceleration, particularly for RC buildings. On the other hand, peak ground acceleration was found to perform well especially for masonry buildings. Among integral intensity measures, Housner intensity emerged as the most effective, while Arias intensity and cumulative absolute velocity displayed weaker correlations with damage. Although based on a single case study, these findings offer initial insights into the optimality of different intensity measures for observational seismic fragility studies and underscore the potential of PBS in enhancing region- and site-specific seismic risk assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 5","pages":"1885 - 1915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-025-02104-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic behavior of RC frames with Choh-kat openings: a novel strut model approach","authors":"Shujaat Hussain Buch,&nbsp;Javed Ahmad Bhat,&nbsp;Muhammad Dilawar Bhat,&nbsp;Mohammad Iqbal Mirza","doi":"10.1007/s10518-025-02112-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-025-02112-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the seismic behavior of Masonry Infill Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames with Choh-kat-framed openings, common in the Kashmir region. It challenges traditional assumptions about infill structures, emphasizing their structural significance and providing new insights into how these infills influence seismic performance. The primary focus is on analyzing the impact of Choh-kat-framed openings on the lateral stiffness of RC frames under seismic loading and developing a novel strut model for predicting seismic response. A Finite Element (FE) approach is employed to simulate the complex interactions between the RC frame and Choh-kat-framed infills. The analysis considers several response parameters, including lateral stiffness, crack propagation patterns, load-bearing capacity, and energy dissipation. The study also examines the effects of different opening sizes, aspect ratios, locations, and multiple openings on structural performance. A key innovation is the introduction of an alteration factor <span>(beta _{wc})</span> to account for stiffness, alongside a new 4-strut model for Choh-kat-framed openings. The results indicate that Choh-kat-framed openings up to 50% of the infill area contribute to decreased stiffness but delay crack propagation. The optimal opening area ratio for enhancing stiffness is 12%. Choh-kat additions significantly increase stiffness, especially at the top corners of the openings. The proposed strut model, validated by FEMA 356 guidelines, accurately predicts equivalent strut widths for pier and spandrel struts. In summary, this study offers a novel approach to understanding the seismic behavior of Masonry Infill RC frames with Choh-kat openings, providing a framework for improved design and retrofitting strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 4","pages":"1639 - 1676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of source parameter estimations and ground motion simulations in integrating input data for seismic hazard assessment: an application to the volcanic island of Ischia (Italy)","authors":"Giuseppina Tusa,&nbsp;Vincenzo Convertito,&nbsp;Salvatore D’Amico,&nbsp;Elisabetta Giampiccolo,&nbsp;Horst Langer,&nbsp;Raffaele Azzaro","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02087-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02087-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On 21 August 2017, a M_w 3.9 earthquake struck the island of Ischia, causing two casualties and significant damage in the village of Casamicciola Terme and its surroundings. The earthquake was recorded by the local INGV-OV seismic network, and represents the first relevant instrumentally recorded earthquake on the island. However, it is not possible to perform a statistical analysis based on past recordings, which forms the basis of the Ground Motion Model at a local scale. The numerical simulations can help overcome this problem. Here, we first analysed the low magnitude seismicity of the island and focused on estimating the seismic attenuation and average static stress drop through spectral inversion analysis. We then used a stochastic finite-fault approach considering two source models to simulate the Casamicciola earthquake’s strong ground motion by also taking into account the site effect at the IOCA station. The numerical simulations were also extended to the localities for which observed macroseismic intensity values are available. The simulated peak ground motions, converted into intensities through empirical relationships, are somewhat higher than the observed values for both source configurations, suggesting that the regional dependence between intensity and peak ground motion cannot be overlooked. Future investigations should be undertaken to improve seismic hazard assessment at a local scale. Conversely, synthetic PGAs and PGVs show a satisfactory match with the values predicted by the generic GMM calibrated for volcanic areas in Italy. The results underscore the importance of region-specific GMMs for reliable seismic scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 4","pages":"1297 - 1324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-024-02087-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}