International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"The use of Bituminaria Bituminosa (L.) Stirton and Microbial Biotechnologies for Restoration of Degraded Pastoral Lands: The Case of the Middle Atlas of Morocco","authors":"O. Zennouhi, M. E. Mderssa, J. Ibijbijen, E. Bouiamrine, L. Nassiri","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0502001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0502001","url":null,"abstract":"The degradation of rangelands has been accentuated over the years leading to a loss of biomass and to the alteration of the biodiversity of plant species. Overgrazing and climate change, including the high frequency of drought years, are among the factors responsible for the low productivity and regenerative capacity of the canopy. The department of Forestry said that the pastoral charge exceeds 3 to 4 times the optimal load [1]. And this estimated shortfall of more than 30% explains the sharp deterioration of forestry capital. This situation requires the establishment of a reconciling alternative between forage requirements and the rehabilitation of degraded lands. The main objective of this work is to propose a management model using a sustainable biological approach such as the use of droughtadapted leguminous shrubs and low soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75246999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem Based Adaptation (EbA) & Engineering Options (EOs) as a Solution for Climate Change induced Flood Hazard in Ajgada Village of Udayapur District, Nepal","authors":"Anjan Kumar Phoju, D. Devkota, T. K. Shrestha, Pawan Paudyal, Sharmila Bajracharya","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0503002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0503002","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal is particularly susceptible to climate-related disasters and experiences frequently landslides, debris flow and floods because of its varied topography and geological characteristics, together with torrential rain during the monsoon season. Today, there is need of finding better options to adapt with the effect of climate change. This research is based on a case study of Ksedi River catchment, Ajgada village of Hadiya in Udayapur district of Nepal, tries to demonstrate the best options for dealing with flood for making sustainability with long-term benefits. This research recommends Ecosystem based Adaptation and Engineering Options that are feasible in the village and watershed area to reduce the flood impacts. It is recommended for reforestation of upland forest areas, prioritization of adaptation options to receive maximum benefits and further detail study of EbA considering Payment of Ecosystem Services.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75659024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and Projection of Climate Change Impacts on Malaria Distribution in Ethiopia: Case of Combolcha and Debark Districts","authors":"Abrhame Weldeyohannes Gilgel, Tadesse Terefe, M. Asfaw","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0504003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0504003","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of Earth’s climate system have been affecting human life. Climate along with its variability and change had been observed laying impressive impacts on different socio-economic activities such as: agricultural, power generation, water supply, public health, social and political issues, (IPCC, 2015). An increase in greenhouse gases leads to increased warming of the atmosphere, ocean and the Earth’s surface. As a result, climate change become familiar in the past, present and future time, C. McSweeney et al 2006, Z. T. Segel et al 2008 & USAID 2015. Beside to this, H. F. DAIZ and R. S. BRADLEY, 1997 found evidence for appreciable differences in mean temperature changes with elevation during the last several decades. And, according to I. Rangwala & J. R. Miller, January 2012 the sensitivity of climate changes to surface elevations, is remarkable just like to the climate changes identified at a horizontal surface with fixed altitudes. Existing literature suggests that global warming or inter-annual/decadal climate variability have a direct influence on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. As WMO & WHO, Sept. 2015 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), anticipated changes in temperature and rainfall will affect the natural Abstract: Climate change has a significant impact on the environment, socio-economic as well as on public health, especially on the transmission of malaria disease. Some sources of facts display that while no precisely defined limit exists beyond which malaria will not be found, recently a malaria distribution case has been seen in high land areas of Eastern Africa (e.g. Ethiopian). In this study, we assess and predict the impact of climate change on elevation-dependent malaria distribution temporally over Combolcha and Debark districts which are high lands of Ethiopia where there was no the case in history. The method applied for assessment and projection of climate variability is statistical approach, in general. And for assessment and projection of climate driven malaria distribution, the method used was based on the intersection of the favorable climate parameters: Precipitation, Temperature and Relative Humidity with the suitable threshold values. Thus, gradual malaria expansion to higher altitudes is justified in association to climate change and variability. In the result, we determine that the change and variability in precipitation was more significant (0.64 correlation) in controlling malaria transmission than the temperature over relative lower elevation areas (Combolcha). On the reverse, the change and variability in temperature (0.53 correlation) takes the first place in controlling malaria transmission over Debark. Moreover, the result indicates that the climate change and variability allowed malaria transmission site potentially tending to elevate to the high lands of Ethiopia like Debark district, recently in 2015 and 2016. In addition, the altitude 2,800 m above mean sea level was","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86050376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environment and Social Impacts of Stone Quarrying: South Western Ethiopia, in Case of Bahir Dar Zuria Wereda Zenzelma Kebele","authors":"Awoke Endalew, Endalew tasew, Solomon tolahun","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0502005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0502005","url":null,"abstract":"All over the world there is a realization that quarrying activities has evolved over time to mining industry that has the potential to provide hither to unparalleled services to management in their efforts to reduce effects of quarrying risks to the human being and the surroundings. This potentially has been turned into a challenge and embodied in the new definition of quarrying from the committee of sponsoring organization of the tread way commission on quarrying activities. Quarries are generally used for extracting construction materials, such as dimension stone, ornamental stones and road, building and industrial raw materials. A quarry is a type of open-pit surface mining from which rock or minerals are extracted. However, mining and quarrying are destructive enterprises (Sinha, et al., 2000) and involve the complete destruction of the habitat of an area where they take place (MartínezRuiz et.al, 2007). The destruction and fragmentation of habitat is the greatest threat to biodiversity and the primary cause of species extinction (Aronson et al., 1993).","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77160905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Valuation of Spiritual Site: Case from Tapoban, Nepal","authors":"Amrit Sharma, G. Paudel, T. K. Shrestha, Sushma Tripathi","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0501003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0501003","url":null,"abstract":"Forest has been valued through several perspectives. Although forest has immense spiritual value it is still being ignored by forest managers in forest management. Considering the novelty and necessity of evaluating environmental economics of forest spiritual sites in developing countries like Nepal, this study was focused on evaluation of willingness to pay (WTP) for spiritual sites as a case study, using Travel Cost Method. Altogether 45 respondents that visited Tapoban, commune and spiritual site of Kathmandu valley were randomly selected and collected primary data viz, the travel cost, time, activity cost, activity time and other expenses made by visitors. Data was analyzed by using standard statistical tools. The opportunity cost of the visitor was NRs 728.14 (1 US$ = NRs. 114.874). Around 66% of the respondents said that trees have positive role in meditation. Likewise, 52% respondents have spiritual purpose and other 47% respondents have recreation purpose to visit this site. Economic value of spiritual site was NRs.784.37 per hour that illustrates that visitors are highly willing to pay for spiritual site. It is suggested that spiritual valuation of forest is essential not only for decision-making but also for the plan and policy making for the optimum, wise and rational utilization of forest.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89932021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Climate Change and its Impacts on Food Barley (HorduemvulgareL.) Production using Different Climate Change Scenariosin Lemubilbilo District, Oromia Regional State,Ethiopia","authors":"BekeleKebebe, DiribaKorecha, GirmaMamo, Tilahun Dandesa, MekonnenYibrah","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0503005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0503005","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the current issues that severely impact all climate sensitive sectors like agriculture. The manifestation of climate change such as rising temperatures, increasingly erratic rainfall, and more frequent and severe floods and droughts have grave consequences on the livelihood security of smallholder farming communities, making them more vulnerable. Agriculture plays a great role in the livelihood of rural communities in many African countries. Most such countries are, however, predicted to be among the globe’s most vulnerable to climatic changes (Schlenker and Lobell, 2010; Samson et al., 2011; Morand et al., 2012). Muller et al. (2011) noted that the negative consequences of climate change are anticipated overall for Africa where over 95 % of the farmers subsist on rain-fedagriculture. In Ethiopia, agriculture is the dominant sector contributing around 50% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 85% of total employment and livelihoods. It is also the major source of food for the population and, hence, the prime contributor to food security (CEEPA, 2006). Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE, 2011) noted that climate change has the potential to hold back economic progress, or reverse the gains made in Ethiopia’s development and could exacerbate social and economic problems. It is heavily dependent on rainfall, with irrigation accounting for less than 1% of the country’s total cultivated land. Crop production is dominated by small scale subsistence farmers (about 8 million households) who practice more traditional farming, accounting for 95% of the total area under crop and more than 90% of the total agricultural output (CSA, 2011). Vulnerable agricultural systems are most prevalent in arid, semi-arid, and dry subhumid regions of the developing world, home to half of the world’s currently malnourished Abstract: Agriculture remains the main source of food and income for most rural communities in Ethiopia. Understanding the impact of climate change on crop production can help to optimize schemes and increase yields. The main aim of this study was, therefore, to modeling climate change and its impacts on food barley (horduem vulgare l.) production using different climate change scenarios in Lemu Bilbilo district, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Time series anomaly for temperature showed that both annual maximum and minimum temperature have increased by 0.06 oC and 0.11 oC respectively and rainfall showed slight variability during the period of 1980-2010.The projected temperature and rainfall pattern shows that an overall increasing trend in annual temperature and significant variation of monthly and seasonal rainfall from the historical period of time. Days to flowering, maturity and yield of HB1307 variety simulated by DSSAT V4.6 model was calibrated and evaluated by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Index of agreement (IA) and coefficient of determination (R2). Therefore, RMSE, IA and R2 revealed a very nice agreement with obs","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74109469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four-Dimensional of Japan Earthquake-Tsunami Disaster from Rapid Eye Satellite Data","authors":"M. Marghany","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0501005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0501005","url":null,"abstract":"The four-dimensional reconstruction is still in early stage of development for remote sensing technology and its application to natural disasters such as a tsunami. In spite of there are many attempts efforts are set up to reconstruct the universe in multidimensional [1-4] [33]. Marghany [33] has established a novel concept to model the tsunami wave propagation in 4-D. This work is an extent of Marghany [33].","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"24 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75855829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Framework of Effective Flood Forecasting and Early Warning System in Nepal: A Case Study of Koshi River Basin.","authors":"M. Kafle","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0504004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0504004","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a conceptual framework of effective flood forecasting and early warning system in Nepal. The study is focused on Koshi River basin. In the proposed framework, HEC-HMS model can be applied for real flood forecasting purpose. The telemetry system and warning system should be developed for the operational forecasting system. Flood forecasting and warning center should be established in coordination of concerned authorities and institutions including DHM. For an effective flood forecasting and early warning system in Koshi basin, existing hydrological and rain gauge station network should be augmented. In hydrological station network, an additional station at Dudhkoshi upstream of the confluence of Dudhkoshi and Sunkoshi is proposed. Hampacuwar station of Sunkoshi should be operated to know the contribution of whole Sunkoshi and also to get the idea of contribution of tributaries downstream of the confluence of Dudhkoshi. Simle station of Arun near the confluence of Sunkoshi should be operated to get an idea of the contribution of whole Arun basin. Each additional rain-gauge station in the upper part of Tamakoshi, upper part of Dudhkoshi, upper part of Arun and upper part of Tamor is proposed. This method may be effective in the flood risk management in the Koshi alluvial fan and can be introduced in Himalyan Rivers in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91063120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Governmental and Non-Governmental Agencies towards Disaster Risk Reduction in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Wizor, A. T. Cookey","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0503007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0503007","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the impact of disasters has risen rapidly over recent decades affecting almost all sectors and rich countries and poor countries alike. Several hundred million people are affected annually and losses reached a record US$ 371 billion in 2011(Annual Disaster Statistical Review, 2012). This figure may underreport the true losses by 50% or more. It does not incorporate knock-on impacts across economies and it undervalues the relative economic impacts on individual and particularly poor households. In some regions numerous smaller-scale and unreported events are a major source of aggregate loss, especially in developing countries and poor communities. A particular concern is that disaster-damaged livelihoods and economies can set the preconditions for further rounds of excessive exposure, susceptibility and loss, blocked escapes from poverty and negative spirals of development failure. This may occur at any level, from household to state (Annual Disaster Statistical Review, 2012). Abstract: This study looked at the role of governmental and non-governmental agencies towards disaster risk reduction in Rivers State, Nigeria with the view to ascertain if disaster Risk Reduction activities have contributed to meaningful development in the study area.Data for the study was collected through questionnaire survey and interviews while population for the study was 715 respondents which included (youths, women and men) from selected communities in Ahoada West and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni LGAs of Rivers State, Nigeria. Given the nature of the research and efficacy of the study, five officials from Total E&P Emergency Response Team and Shell Emergency Response Team who are under non-governmental Agencies were interviewed while officials from National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and Rivers State Ministry of Special Duties representing the governmental Agencies were also interviewed. Results of the study shows that the most prevalent disasters in the study areaare flooding (AWELGA) and Oil spillage (ONELGA). Majority of the respondents from the Agencies that carry out DRR activities and those residing in the communities where DRR is being carried out in both local government areas had their opinion that DRR activities have led to a remarkable sustainable development. The results further revealed that, adequate funding, partnership, training and retraining of staff are the major factors that have led to the success of DRR activities and sustainable development with adequate funding taking topmost priority. It was recommended that officials of governmental and non-governmental Agencies involved in DRR activities should be well trained in line with global standard; the administration of DRR policies should be better supported financially for effective monitoring and enforcement of DRR laws. The study concluded that DRR policies should embrace inputs from indigenous people in terms of participation and consultation to help in the implementation process especia","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90146136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of GIS as a Tool for Environmental Planning and Management","authors":"Okusimba George Omusotsi","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0501002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0501002","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) is defined as the initiation and operation of activities to direct and control the acquisition, transformation, distribution, and disposal of resources in a manner capable of sustaining human activities with a minimum disruption of physical, ecological, and social processes (Baldwin, 1985). Lein (2003), in his book Integrated Environmental Planning stipulates that a development proposal should be appropriate in terms of compatibility with the ecological system; suitability in relation to physical and environmental qualities of the site; susceptibility with regard to potential environmental impacts; and sustainability relative to long term functioning of environmental processes and maintenance of environmental integrity.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87040082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}