International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Rehabilitation in Mine Closure – Environmental, Economic & Social Tradeoff in Opencast Coal Mine – A Case Study","authors":"Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0503003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0503003","url":null,"abstract":"Mine closure plans are specific to each mine, and include details on how the mining company will close the mine site, how environmental protection will be achieved, and how the site will be returned to an acceptable state for a pre-arranged land use. The terms reclamation, remediation, rehabilitation, and restoration the 4 R, are all used to describe mine closure activities that attempt to alter the biological and physical state of a site. The terms are sometimes used interchangeably, and are closely linked, but refer to distinct steps in the preparation of the site for another use:","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90777117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey on the Menace of Lingzhi Mushrooms on Trees in Shell Residential Area, Port Harcourt","authors":"Bertram Ozumba Chinyere Ozumba, E. Ilondu","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00124","url":null,"abstract":"Observations through routine tree surveys and reports by estate managers and residents show an increasing rate of sudden fall of healthy looking trees recently in Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Residential Area (SPDC RA), thus creating a high potential risk to lives and facility. An earlier survey had suggested that a weakening of the root system due to the presence of mushroom species of a cosmopolitan basidiomycete in the genus Ganoderma may be responsible for the tree falls. Consequently, a team was constituted for an emergency tree hazard hunt exercise using the approved criteria for tree cutting as terms of reference. During the tree hunt exercise, a survey was undertaken with the aim of identifying the mushroom species involved and type of disease, disease symptoms, method of infection/spread, any diagnostic tools for the disease as well as curative and preventive measures for the management of the disease in order to proffer suitable recommendations. Forty-one (41) out of a total of two hundred and seventy-one (271) trees surveyed (15%) were impacted by the mushroom. Disease symptoms include yellowing, necrosis, wilting of the palms fronds and development of a basidiocarp at the tree base. The fungus is soil-borne, spreading from root to root and by migration of airborne basidiospores from basidiocarp. It overwinters in dead woody debris and tree stumps. Some diagnostic tools have been developed both in the laboratory and field for the diagnosis of this disease which include; Calorimetric method using Ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, Ganoderma selective media, use of Polyclinal Antibodies (PAbs) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Remote Sensing System, application of colour indices using multispectral and thermal camera as well as tomography instrument. The use of trench system, soil mounding, fungicidal treatment and replanting techniques have great potentials in the management of this disease. Periodic checks, routine removal of basidiocarps, geo-referencing and superimposing the impacted trees positions on an existing RA Base map and replanting the cut trees to re-vegetate the environment in phases with seedlings around the camp are recommended. Proper taxonomic study on the Ganoderma species diversity in the RA environment is necessary. Keywords: Shell Petroleum Development Company Residential Area (SPDC RA); Basidiomycete; Basidiocarp; Calorimetric method; Polyclinal Antibodies (PAbs); Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); Remote Sensing; Taxonomic study; etc.;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48927788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suez Canal: The Modern Maritime Wonder","authors":"Khandakar Akhter Hossain","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00123","url":null,"abstract":"Canal Suez is one of the supreme engineering wonder of the world. The canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) of Egypt. Suez Canal is connecting Mediterranean and Red Seas and was officially opened on Nov 17, 1869. This maritime wonder took more than 15 years to plan and build. The Canal construction was repeatedly hundred by political disputes, labor shortages and even a deadly cholera outbreak. When finally completed, the 101 NM long waterways permanently transformed international shipping by allowing vessel to skip the long and deceitful transit around the southern tip of Africa. The Suez Canal has enjoyed increased traffic in recent years, with roughly 50 ships passing through its waters every day. However, the canal is still hampered by its narrow width and shallow depth, which are insufficient to accommodate two way traffic from modern tanker ships. In 2014, Egypt’s Suez Canal Authority announced an ambitious plan to deepen the canal and create a new 22-mile lane branching off the main channel. Preliminary work has already begun which Egyptian authorities claim could more than double the canal’s annual revenue by 2023. It is an interesting reviewed paper based both on primary and on secondary information and some critical analysis. Paper describes history, engineering wonders, interesting fact and figure of Suez Canal and excellent ambition of human and present status of one of the maritime success of shipping trade that improving the international maritime business and transportation. Keywords: Canal; Suezmax; Traffic;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46106797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Waste Management Through Symbiotic Culture, A Holistic Approach","authors":"A. R. Choudhury, A. Kumar N, S. K., A. V., Goutham Reddy M","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00122","url":null,"abstract":"Unsegregated heterogeneous mass of solid waste is a potential threat towards the safe processing and disposal of municipal solid waste [MSW], which is cumbersome and ancillary, elevates the expenditure. The absence of any pertinent technique to handle these bulky mass in an eco-friendly way makes it even more hectic for the MSW processing plants. But, this substantial mass constitutes a huge potential, which can be valorized through the larval digestion of a symbiotic macro culture, to create new economic niches for smallscale entrepreneurship in developing and under-developed nations. The present study incorporates a symbiotic waste reduction system with the efficient functionalism of micro and macro conversion agents which is attributed to the synthesis of waste derived co-products from the same platform. This study is solely a novel approach, which is capable of addressing a wide fraction of solid waste, domestic sewage, and bio-leachate and converts them into value-added coproducts within the magnificent period of time. Multiple experiments have been conducted under the controlled feeding environment with an established symbiosis between the BSF larvae, Wax Moth larvae [Galleria melonella], and effective microorganism culture. An initiation period of 5 days was allocated for the macro conversion agents and during the tenure, the larvae were supplied with synthetic diet to accelerate the body growth index. The entire experiments have been conducted in a newly formulated novel bioreactor namely, Integral Larval Grub Composting Reactor which is capable of performing automated pupal segregation and address solid and liquid waste under a single platform. The system enforces the zero liquid discharge concept and also helps in an indirect suppression of house fly growth. The novel approach only required 14-16 days in order to convert the solid waste into nutrient-rich manure, having significantly high-quality component. The operation has been executed in a number of batch processes and each process valorized a quantity of approx 30 kg. The targeted larval period has been prolonged by means of maintaining higher moisture content with the help of sewage supply and once the maturation period arrives the further addition of moisture has been restricted for 3 days. Overall it’s an ultimate and wholesome biological waste management technique, which is capable of standing solely to strengthen the sustainable waste management strategy. Keywords: Galleria melonella; Hermetia illucens; Larval period; Moisture; Plastic waste;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45831308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Layered Double Hydroxides to Create New Environmental Technologies","authors":"E. Butenko","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00121","url":null,"abstract":"This review surveys recent advances in the applications of layered double hydroxides [LDHs] in sorption processes. By virtue of the flexible tunability and uniform distribution of metal cations in the brucite-like layers and the facile exchangeability of intercalated anions, LDHs-both as directly prepared or after thermal treatment or rehydrated have found many applications as stable and recyclable sorbents for environmental protection in industrial regions. This paper presents data on the structure and properties of LDHs, the production of sorbents with fixed and labile dimensions of interplanar spaces. Technologies for the removal of organic and inorganic substances using LDHs sorbents have been developed. Keywords: layered double hydroxides; sorbent; environmental protection;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46226021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation Applied to Environmental Health, Research of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons","authors":"A. Frohlich, Dinara Jaqueline Moura, Leiliane Coelho André","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00120","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental toxicology contributes for the evaluation of chemical exposures, proposing interventions based in preventive actions promoting a risk decrease. The industrial development, agriculture activities, the increase of the number of automobiles, among others, lead to a constant increase in the concentrations of air pollutants that are hazardous to health, therefore becoming a public health problem. Besides many chronic and acute respiratory diseases, related to environmental chemical exposures, the consequences related to genotoxic effects are poorly evidenced. Biomarkers of genotoxicity such as the comet assay, micronucleus assay, Salmonella/microsome assay and chromosomal aberration assay are reliable techniques for the early detection of the damage and for the evaluation of the chemical exposure aiming the prevention, mainly in environmental exposures, in which there is a really short window between the exposure to the chemical and the appearance of the damage. This paper aims to identify potential biomarkers of genotoxicity as reference to environmental chemical exposure, its usage and contributions to the decrease of this public health problem, especially for the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Keywords: biomarkers of genotoxicity; environmental health; PAHs;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43323632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Toxicity and the Effects Of Copper Sulphate [CuSo4.5H2O] on the Behavior of the Gray Mullet [Mugil Cephalus]","authors":"Elahe Erfanifar, Elnaz Erfanifar, Naghimeh Kasalkhe","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00119","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 96h LC50 values of copper sulphate [CuSo4.5H2O], a highly toxicant heavy metal, on gray mullet, Mugil Cephalus of average weight mean weight 7.42 g; mean length 6.51cm was determined. At the first, for rang finding test fish were exposed to CuSo4 at several selected concentrations 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg/L, then then fish exposed to five concentrations control, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 ppm of CuSo4 for LC50-96h. Experiment was carried out in triplicate and 21 fish per each treatment, Physicochemical properties of water were measured continuously throughout the experiment. The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity were 31°C, 7.75, 8.14 mgO2 L-1 and 37 ppt respectively. Number of mortality and behavioral responses of fish were recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. LC50 values were determined with probite analysis. The 96 hour LC50 value of CuSo4 to the fish was found to be 39.68 ppm. In addition, behavioural changes increased with increased concentration. The results obtained in this study clearly revealed the fact that it is necessary to control the use of a heavy metal such as copper. Keywords: Cupper Sulphate; Mortality; Acute Toxicity; Marine fish; Lethal Dose 50;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) Studies of Some Glutamine Analogues for Possible Anticancer Activity","authors":"B. Elidrissi, A. Ousaa, M. Ghamali, Samir CHTITA, M. A. Ajana, M. Bouachrine, T. Lakhlifi","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00111","url":null,"abstract":"A Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) study was performed to predict an anticancer activity in tumor cells of thirtysix 5-N-substituted-2-(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamine compounds using the electronic and topologic descriptors computed respectively, with ACD/ChemSketch and Gaussian 03W programs. The structures of all 36 compounds were optimized using the hybrid Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. In both approaches, 30 compounds were assigned as the training set and the rest as the test set. These compounds were analyzed by the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method, a descendant Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Multiple Nonlinear Regression (MNLR) analyses and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The robustness of the obtained models was assessed by leave-manyout cross-validation, and external validation through a test set. This study shows that the ANN has served marginally better to predict antitumor activity when compared with the results given by predictions made with MLR and MNLR. Keywords: DFT; QSAR; Tumor cells; Artificial Neural Network; Cross Validation;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42098338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Electrocoagulation on Adsorption of Styrene Acrylate Polymer from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Nasser M Abu Ghalwa, Rawia S Romia, Nader B Farhat","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00125","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the feasibility of electrocoagulation technique for the adsorption of Styrene acrylate SA from aqueous solution has been studied. The results showed that SA and COD removal were (99.2% and 95.9 %), (99.4% and 97.1%) and (99 % and 93.1 %) by using iron Fe, stainless steel S-S and aluminum Al electrodes at 8 min respectively. The adsorption equilibrium were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the data fitted to Freundlich (R² = 0.944) better than Langmuir (R² = 0.674) model. The adsorption of SA exhibited pseudo first order with rate constant (0.932, 0.913 and 0.942 min-1) using Fe, S-S and Al electrodes. The consumption of electrical energy for SA at optimum conditions as follows: (0.283, 0.243 and 0.18 KWh/m3) using Fe, S-S and Al electrodes respectively. Keywords: Styrene acrylate; Electrocoagulation; Water Treatment; Electrode; Adsorption; Kinetics;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41420140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Grazing Land Condition in Gozamen District, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Gashe, Awoke Kassa Zewdie","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/2/00117","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Gozamen district of East Gojam Zone of the Amhara region to assess the major feed resources, the grazing land condition, and the floristic composition and biomass yields of herbaceous species to generate baseline information which can be used for future management of grazing land resources in the area. The survey data was collected by interviewing a total of 120 households by random selection of two rural-kebeles from three altitudes [high, mid and low].To assess grazing land condition, the district was stratified into three altitudes [high, mid and low altitudes]. From each altitude, communal and enclosed grazing areas were selected randomly. From each altitude 8 composites and 12 composites from enclosed and 12 composites from communal grazing for herbaceous vegetation and 4 transects from each altitude of communal grazing were selected. Thus, a total of 72 quadrats were used for herbaceous and 12 transects for woody species. For the natural pasture condition assessment, analyses of variance [ANOVA] were carried out by the General Linear Model [GLM] procedure of SAS. Mean separation was tested using the least significant difference. The main feed resources to the livestock in all altitudes were natural pasture, crop residues and stubble grazing. During dry season, crop residues was the first livestock feed source followed by natural pasture in all altitudes. However, during wet season, natural pasture was the first livestock feed source followed by crop resides in all altitudes. In terms of dry matter [DM] crop residues contributed the highest proportion [66.7%] of the total feed sources. The DM obtained from crop residues significantly varied [P< 0.05] among the altitudes. The total annual estimated available feed supply to maintain the livestock in the area satisfied only 79.4%. The conservation of feed resources in the form of hay in high, mid and low altitudes was 38.5, 80, and 22.5%, respectively. But, none of the respondents used silage in the study area due to lack of knowledge how to make it. In the district, a total of 21 herbaceous species were identified [Table 4], from these 57, 24 and 19% were grasses, legumes and other species, respectively. Based on dry matter of biomass, Medicago polymorpha in high and mid altitudes and Eleusine floccifolia in low altitude were the dominant species. Altitude and grazing have effects on grazing land conditions and biomass production. The average dry matter yield of grasses, legumes and total biomass had a significant difference among altitudes in enclosed and communal grazing areas. The average dry matter yield of grasses, legumes, and total biomass were higher in enclosed area than communal grazing areas in all altitudes. There were a significant [P< 0.01] interaction of altitude and grazing on biomass and species composition. There were positive correlation of species composition, grass species composition and basal cover with biomass. Crop residues and natural pastur","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}