International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Landcover Change for the Management of Floral and Aquatic Ecosystem in Kalikiliki Area of Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"Pauline Namakau Monde, M. Muchanga, Liberty Mweemba","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0901004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0901004","url":null,"abstract":": Human activities have adversely changed landcover in most residential areas thereby negatively impacting the ecosystems. Therefore, understanding dynamics of landcover is important for efficient ecosystem management and sustainability. The aim of this study was to assess floral and aquatic ecosystem change in Kalikiliki area of Lusaka, Zambia for a period 2004 to 2020 in order to suggest appropriate sustainability measures. Geographical Information Science was used to detect land cover based on google earth engine imageries. Questionnaires were used to collect data on ecosystem management and sustainability practices. Results of the study indicated a significant change in ecosystem composition in Kalikiliki area, which was greatly influenced by socioeconomic and political activities in the area. Generally, vegetation was lost to build up human settlements and other socioeconomic amenities. It was also established that environmental clubs played a role in ecosystem management and sustainability, but only yielded average results in ecosystem management and sustainability because their use was below average. The analysis and findings of the study highlight important policy implications for ecosystem sustainability in Kalikiliki Area and how that, urban planners and ecosystem managers must consider mainstreaming effective informal environmental education. It was suggested that environmental education be expeditiously implemented in the area for optimum results on ecosystem sustainability. The study also suggests that government entities in charge of ecosystem management should also adopt collaborative activities in the area for improved ecosystem sustainability.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86168688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio treatment Strategies for the Removal of Phthalate Esters from Asa River using Chlorella vulgaris (MG257915) and Nannochloropsis sp (MG257918) as Biodegradation Tool","authors":"Lawal Ramat Idowu, Adewoye Solomon Olayinka, Adenigba Victoria Olaide, Ajao Alfred Abolade, Adeyinka Gbadebo Clement","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0901001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0901001","url":null,"abstract":": Phthalate esters (PEs) is one of the compounds that are known for their endocrine disrupting potential and they are a class of emerging contaminant that are found associated with plastics and other materials. Their presence in the environment is a great environmental concern and hence attention is focused on their reduction, transformation or removal. This study focused on the quantitative evaluation and phycodegradation of PEs in Asa river water sample using a marine (Nannochloropsis sp) and freshwater (Chlorella vulgaris) microalgae under different pH (2, 4, 9 and 13) and contact time (24, 48, 72 and 96 h). A total number of seven phthalates: Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEPH), Butyl Benzyl phthalate (BBP), Diethyl Ester Phthalate (DEP), Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP), Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP), DiHexyl Phthalate (DnHP), and Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) was obtained and the concentration of five of them was higher than the permissible limit of 3 µg/L. At the expiration of 96 hours, it was observed that C .vulgaris was able to remove and thereby reduce the concentration of the PEs more than the counterpart. Removal efficiency of the PEs by C. vulgaris at an optimum pH of 9 ranged from 71.27% to 100% while Nannochloropsis sp at an optimum pH of 9 was between 34.59% - 67.19%. The outcome of this research has present the two microalgae as potential tools for the biotreatment tool in the removal of phthalate.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73867351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Variations in Duhok City and Semel District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Ritesh Kumar, G. Jagdev","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0903004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0903004","url":null,"abstract":": Data on rainfall are a crucial meteorological input for planning and management studies of water resources as well as agricultural modeling systems. Environmental conditions, particularly rainfall and water availability, have a significant impact on crop choice and agricultural production output. The influence of climate variables, such as rainfall, is so strong in Kurdistan that overall agricultural productions are now in danger. In this study, rainfall data of 48 years (","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73255895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Assessment and Recyclability of Plastic from Household Waste to Eco-Friendly Paver Block","authors":"Ritesh Kumar, G. Jagdev","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0903003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0903003","url":null,"abstract":": : This research qualitatively investigates the recyclability and durability of plastic waste once mixed with sand to yield plastic tile. Using plastic trash to create building materials like paver blocks is a part of the answer to environmental and ecological issues. In this study, three types of plastic waste polymers from household garbage were considered for the experiments. Plastic collecting, manual sorting, shredding, mould selection, creating sand to plastic ratio, and heat supply were different steps considered in the recycling process. For the manufacturing of plastic paver blocks, a cross-like mould and plastic to sand ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, and 1:1, respectively were considered. Under a melting temperature, the plastics and river sand were mixed in a container by using a stirring rod. The samples underwent a water absorption test, wherein, the results showed that trial 1, 2, 3, and 4, had water absorption test percentages of 3.8%, 5.1%, 3.7% and 19.3% respectively. Trials 1 and 3 had a low water absorption percentages, indicating a high-quality of plastic paver block that can be accepted. Trials 2 and 4 displayed unfavorable degrees of porosity and water absorption standards due to the high quantity of sand. Therefore, a mixture of equal quantity of sand and sectioned plastics as well as a mixture of half more plastic than the quantity of sand, can result into acceptable and durable tile provided they are thermoplastics. Conclusively, plastic paver blocks can be produced from wastes and have the ability to beautify a compound and can help contribute to an ecological friendly soil.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85722615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Mathematical Models for Predicting the Trihalomethanes Content in Drinking Water in the City of Struga, North Macedonia","authors":"Bujar H. Durmishi, Arbana Durmishi, Pajtim S. Bytici, Arianit A. Reka, A. Shabani","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0901003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0901003","url":null,"abstract":": Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the main disinfection byproducts created when chlorine reacts with organic matter of the drinking water. THMs in high concentrations are harmful and can be carcinogenic for the liver, pancreas, nervous system, development organs, whereas in women can cause miscarriage. Therefore, THMs recently have concerned very much the scientific community and the general public. Consequently, THMs must be constantly monitored. THMs mainly are determined by the gas chromatography method, which is a difficult procedure and very costly. To avoid this, in the past years the use of mathematical models for prediction of THMs in drinking water is practiced. By fast measuring of the values of some simple parameters of drinking water quality and replacing them in the mathematical models we can predict the THMs content. The aim of this article was the prediction of the THMs content in drinking water in the city of Struga for the spring of 2021 in four sampling points S1, S2, S3 and S4. The measured parameters and their average values with standard deviation were: water temperature (13.56± 1.17 ºC), residual chlorine (0.20  0.00 mg/L), pH (7.58  0.03), electrical conductivity (250.89  9.37 µS/cm), chemical oxygen demand (1.53  0.06 mg/L), total dissolved solids, (407.67  2.89 mg/L) and chlorides (5.26  0.32 mg/L), respectively. These values are then placed in mathematical models and with calculation is predicted the THMs content in drinking water. For prediction were used ten mathematical models and the average value of the THMs with standard deviation was 27.40 ± 10.67 µg/L). From the results we can conclude that the used models for THMs prediction have resulted successful and this content of THMs pose no risk to public health.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79766833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The Global Governance Crises\" Who Would Think About the Dollar ($) When the Earth Begins to Tremble? Analysing Climate Change and Global Warming using Theoretical Perspectives in Global Political Economy","authors":"Daniel Teye Aboah","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0901002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0901002","url":null,"abstract":": The emergence of the industrial revolution in its wake has served humanity with several challenges including a shift from the stable Holocene to the unstable Anthropocene (1750 – 2010) (Steffan et al., 2015). Today, climate change has been a topical issue of concern around the world, forming a dominant vocabulary in our terminologies. Scientists and environmental scholars alike have tipped the increasing economic growth and production as a major threat and root cause of our changing","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90591807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Quality Characteristics Levels in Selected Borehole Water in Nairobi City And its Metro Area","authors":"Kithure J.G.N, Mbae K. M.","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0804001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0804001","url":null,"abstract":": The main factors influencing the longevity of the life forms are the quantity and the quality of drinking water. Elevated concentrations of quality characteristics such as heavy metal levels, chloride, total dissolved solids, and major ions are known to contribute to cancer, hypertension, kidney failure, lower intelligence, and long-term neurological issues in human beings. Surface water and groundwater are both sources of drinking water. Owing to its low risk of pollution than surface water, groundwater is the more relied-upon of the two sources. Humans have been involved in actions that have contaminated the world for many years. As a result, they permeate the earth’s crust until they reach the groundwater aquifer. This study aimed to assess groundwater viability at multiple locations in Nairobi city and its metro zone and compare the to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) tolerable limit on drinking water. This study analyzed physiological characteristics, chloride ions, and metal levels in four borehole water samples from Nairobi city and its metropolitan area. The water samples were digested using a wet digestion method. Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, as well as Mn concentrations were determined using an AAS, while Na + and K + levels were determined using an AES. Electrical conductivity ranged from 257.4±0.9 µS/cm 3 to 541.70±2.38 µS/cm 3 , TDS was 128.7±0.83 mg/L to 270.90±1.79 mg/L, while pH was 6.47±0.31to 7.47±0.42. The concentrations of chloride varied from 0.153±0.016 mg/L to 0.268±0.230 mg/L. K + levels varied between 0.31±0.03 mg/L to 1.47±0.03 mg/L, while Pb from BDL-0.167±0.002 mg/L and Zn from BDL- 0.051±0.001 mg/L. The range of Na + levels was 1.64±0.03 mg/L-4.67±0.07 mg/L. Mn levels were found to be 0.139±0.06 mg/L-0.155±0.002 mg/L, Cu ranged from BDL-0.046±0.007 mg/L, and Cd levels were found to be below the limits of detection (LOD) of 0.002 ppm. According to the information that was compiled, the following hierarchy of metal concentrations was observed: Na > K > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd. The levels of Cd, Zn, Na, K, and Cu are within the World Health Organization's recommended ranges. Unfortunately, the levels of lead and manganese were greater than the WHO's recommendation. Samples from all boreholes had less than 1000 mg/L of total dissolved solids, suggesting fresh water.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76939901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Biophysical and Technological Approaches Coupled with Political and Socio-Economic Factors in Transforming Ghana's Food Systems.","authors":"Daniel Teye Aboah","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0804003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0804003","url":null,"abstract":": Today, food security has been a dominant vocabulary in our terminologies and has now, more than ever also been a topical issue of concern worldwide. Thus the importance of food and its security can neither be underemphasized or divorced from a good quality and standard of living of humans. In Ghana, the adverse effects of undernutrition coupled with changes in our climate are evident on food productions and the patterns of consumption. This has raised calls for the urgent need to review the food systems within the country, essential to ensuring nutrition and food security as well as promoting sustainable development. The characteristics of Ghana’s geography as marked by its climate, agro-ecological differences and differences in economies have all instigated this disparity between the northern and southern part of the country according to reports from the World Food Program in 2016. Additionally, given the changing diets and increased demands for food to meet the rising population within the country, both political and socio-economic factors coupled with the prevailing biophysical and technological considerations have been crucial to transforming the food systems within the country. These are essential considerations to further help bridge the gap in unequal access to safe and nutritious food between the northern and southern regions of the country. The Global food system framework is utilized in analyzing the underpinnings","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90936554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dust Particles on Human Respiratory System among Otukpo Rice Mill workers","authors":"Onoja Emmanuel Daniel, Bashiru Lukuman, Eze Sabina Chioma, Zakari Hajara, Ngbede Adoche Inalegwu","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0803002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0803002","url":null,"abstract":": Exposure to dust has become a great concern to the public due to its adverse effect on human respiratory related diseases. In this study, the effect of dust from rice processing in two major rice mills (Ijami road rice mill and Okete-Oglewu rice mill) were investigated systematically to ascertain their effect on human respiratory system. Dust particles were collected from six (6) processing spots (Paddy, Sack, swaying sieve, Polish, Sieving and Bran fill processing spot) in each of the rice mill in Otukpo LGA using Hand held Air Sampling Pump. A Cascade Impactor is used to determine the aerodynamic particle of the size distributions of the possible inhaled products. A lung performance test was carried out using Spirometer on 12 workers, with each worker chosen from the selected spot. From the analyzed results, there was a significant increase in values of dust measured in the two rice mills which was greater than permissible limit of 15 mg/m 3 except at the sack processing spot of Okete-Oglewu rice mill with lower dust concentration. The dust concentration at Ijami road rice mill ranges from 18.22- 34.88 mgm -3 in the order of: rice sack station< Bran Filling Station < Swaying Sieve Station < Polish station < Sieving station < Paddy station. The concentration at Okete-Oglewu rice mill ranges from 10.50-21.05 mgm -3 in the order of: rice sack station< Bran Filling Station < Swaying Sieve Station < Polish station < Sieving station < Paddy station. The results obtained are quite interesting and will serve as a guide for policy makers when enacting policies for human and environment safety.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79892139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Serum Esterases in Juvenile Rats Repeatedly Exposed to Low Levels of Chlorpyrifos.","authors":"Jenna A Mosier,&nbsp;Rachel L Hybart,&nbsp;Aubrey M Lewis,&nbsp;Navatha Alugubelly,&nbsp;Afzaal N Mohammed,&nbsp;Russell L Carr","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/5/1/00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/5/1/00133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus insecticide that has gained significant attention cue to the reported toxicity associated with developmental exposure. While the canonical mechanism of toxicity of CPF involves the inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), we have reported that exposure of juvenile rats to levels of CPF that do not yield any inhibition of brain AChE results in neurobehavioral alterations at later ages. However, it is unclear what effect exposure to these low levels of CPF has on blood esterase activities which are frequently used not only as biomarkers of exposure but also to set exposure levels in risk assessment. To determine this, male and female rat pups were exposed orally from postnatal day 10 to 16 to either corn oil (vehicle) or 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/kg CPF. At 12 h after the final exposure, serum cholinesterase (ChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase (CES), and red blood cell (RBC) and brain AChE activities were determined. There were no differences between sexes in either the controls or individual treatments for all enzymes. Only the highest dosage of 1.0 mg/kg CPF yielded significant brain AChE inhibition (22-24%) but all dosages significantly inhibited the blood esterases with inhibition being highest with serum CES (65-85%) followed by serum BChE (57-76%), RBC AChE (35-65%), and then serum ChE (16-32%). Our data verify that blood esterases are inhibited at dosages of CPF that alter neurobehavioral performance in the absence of effects on brain AChE activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477121/pdf/nihms-1831880.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40366548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}