International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of Aspiration Pneumonia and its Relationship with Environmental Factors","authors":"Lile Wang, Ruicheng Hu, Jie Li, Yu Zeng, Min Peng, Yang Shen","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0803001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0803001","url":null,"abstract":"A 26-year-old man who was in a coma after heavy drinking and vomiting was brought to the Emergency Department for rescue. With symptoms of shortness of breath and decreased degree of blood oxygen saturation, the patient received tracheal intubation and finally woke up, but he still felt obvious difficulty in breathing. The chest CT showed flocculent shadows in the right primary bronchus and middle lobe bronchus, and large white exudative shadows in the right upper lung ( Figure 1 ), thus the patient was diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia. Bronchoalveolar lavage ( Figure 2 and Figure 3 ), anti-infection and other timely and active treatment were performed immediately. Finally, the patient's lung infection was controlled and gradually improved ( Figure 4 ), and soon he was discharged from the hospital. In general, aspiration pneumonia occurs in both lower lungs due to the fall effect of gravity . However, in this case, the lesion was located in the upper right lung, which is special.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87750094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eau en bouteille a portee de main au Benin","authors":"Ahovey A. Elise Chantale, Amadou SANNI Mouftaou, A. Thierry. S.","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0804002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0804002","url":null,"abstract":"Les récentes études effectuées dans les milieux urbanisés ont permis de mettre en évidence trois modes d’accessibilité à l’eau potable pour la consommation. D’après Manuel V. (2010), une première pratique ancienne et traditionnelle est l’usage de poteries ou de jarres à eau ou bien des récipients. La seconde pratique datant des années 1990, correspond à l’eau embouteillée importée, suivie d’une production locale destinée aux classes moyennes de la société. La troisième méthode est l’émergence de l’ensachage mécanisé de l’eau.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85384452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Genomics and Biodiversity of Macro- and Microbenthic Communities in the Red Sea Coast of Jeddah City","authors":"Samah Sulaiman, Ali AL-KELDI, H. Abdelkader","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0701005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0701005","url":null,"abstract":"Kingdom of Saud Arabia covers about 80% of Arabian Peninsula; it occupies an area of about 2,250,000 square kilometers (El Raey, 2010). The country has an arid climate with an average annual rainfall of 70.5 mm along the broad coastal Tihamah plains of Red Sea (Hariri, 2012). The largest section of Saudi Arabian's Red Sea coastline (Figure 1) extends about 1800 km to the west; from Jordan to Yemen (Khalil, 2017). The Red Sea is a young environment that began to form after the northeast African continental crust began to divide and drift eastward (Berumen et al, 2019). The present dimensions and structure of the Red Sea are the result of a combination of geological and climatic processes, including the spreading between the African and Arabian plates, associated volcanism in the midTertiary, and eustatic sea-level fluctuations (Di Battista et al., 2016). Tertiary faulting in the area between Africa and Arabia led to the formation of the Red Sea rift. Red Sea Red Sea Mountains are characterized by a steep western edge and a gently east-dipping Arabian Shield. The landmass lies between the mid-latitudes; in a typically arid area dependent on winter rains in the north and monsoon winds in the south.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87472977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinization Processes and Quality Constrains for Irrigation Water Management in Southwest El Minia, Upper Egypt.","authors":"M. Sadek, Rezk Hussien, H. Hassan","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0702001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0702001","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is devoted to determine sources of groundwater salinity and quality constrains for irrigation water management in the southwest of El Minia Governorate, Upper Egypt. Hydrochemical and multivariate statistical analysis using results of major ions analysis of 67 groundwater samples collected from the study area have been conducted in this work. TDS and major ionic concentrations vary in considerably wide ranges, these increase westward and northward under effect of rock minerals dissolution and upward leakage of saline water. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the methods of Multi Criteria Decision Approach (MCDA) for development a new water quality index is used, it combines eight of the water quality controlling parameters that complementarily express the whole scale of irrigation water quality hazards on soils and plants. The application of the developed irrigation suitability index on the results of collected groundwater samples analysis reflected a significant hazards related to water salinity and quality attributes .The soil salinity degradation and potential yield reduction on typical crops in the study area have been described . The leaching requirements of soil salinity have been determined for management of irrigation water quality.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85635013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Bio-sand Filter (BSF) for Maximum Thermotolerant Coliform (TTC) Removal from Drinking Water in West Bank","authors":"Ahmed I.A Saya’Ra","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0702003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0702003","url":null,"abstract":"There are about 297,900 Palestinian lives in 532 residential areas in Area c of Palestine (Jarrar, 2019). Many of them rely on rain harvesting into cisterns during winter to fulfill their needs of drinking water. For instance, in Massafer Yatta results of water quality from cisterns showed contamination levels that is ranging from 20-100 CFU/100ml. The Bio-sand filter (BSF) have been prompted extensively for water treatment in households in developing countries. In present study the influence of 9 operating parameters on BSF efficiency for Thermotolerant coliform (TTC) removal was investigated. Results analysis showed that 5 h residence time, and media age more than one month were significant with P-values of 0.0439 and 0.0089, respectively. Charge volume, turbidity and using different cistern to fill BSF had no significant influence. Although the 5 h residence time was significant, it was not sufficient to minimize TTC below the drinking water permissible level of 10 CFU/100ml when influent water had 500 CFU/100ml TTC. In addition to, the use of 5h residence time has led to a reduced filter age around 4 years, the filter efficiency to remove TTC started to gradually decrease after that. The use of sand of 0.18 mm effective size was significant with a P-value of 0.0016. While the temperature itself and inflow rate had no significant influence, the interaction of temperature and effective size was significant with a P-value of 0.0459. Elevated temperature up to 33 °C was found to negatively interfere BSF ability to remove TTC when the filter has effective size of 0.23mm. The influent TTC count had a positive significant effect on the effluent BSF TTC with a P-value of 0.0004. The use of 23h residence time showed the most significant influence among all operation parameters with a P-value <0.0001. The study concluded that the most important operation parameters for BSF to remove 99.8% TTC are 23h residence time and 0.18mm sand effective size. The study recommended to design a BSF that produces more than 20L to be used once every 23h and to replace the top of sand every 4 years at maximum. Optimizing Bio-sand Filter (BSF) for Maximum Thermotolerant Coliform (TTC) Removal from Drinking Water in West Bank International Journal of Research in Environmental Science (IJRES) Page | 29 software. The influence of 9 operating parameters on BSF efficiency for Thermotolerant coliform (TTC) removal was investigated. These parameters were residence time, charge volume, media age, turbidity, changing water source, temperature, sand effective size, influent TTC counts, and inflow rate.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86277618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meteorological Drought Assessment using GeoCLIM: Case Study East and West Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Hirko, Gezehagn Mergia, Asalifew Nigussie, Tilahun Dandesa","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0701004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0701004","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a hazardous and costly natural phenomenon with slow on-set that has dreadful impacts on economy, social life and environment of a country or region. The fact that it is slow on-set and is not quite distinguishable in when is it started or when ended makes the phenomena difficult to study (Hammouri and Naqa, 2007). Drought appears when rainfall in a region is less than statistical multiyear average for that region over an extended time period (Malaet al., 2014). It is a normal climatic event but its effect varies from region to region. There are four types of drought namely; meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and socio economic drought (Rathore, 2009). Meteorological drought is deficiency of rainfall which can be observed immediately (Panu andSharma, 2002). Although drought is a natural occurring recurrent extreme event (Wilhite, 1993; Shatanawi et al., 2013), various empirical and modelling studies proved that climate change is very likely to increase the magnitude, frequency and duration of droughts over some parts of the world in the coming decades (IPCC II, 2014, Degefu and Bewket, 2013). In recent years, Geographical Information System (GIS) and GeoCLIM Tool have played a key role in studying different types if hazards either natural or man-made. This study stresses upon the use of GeoCLIM Tool in the field of Drought Risk assessment. In this study an effort has been made to derive spatial temporal drought risk areas facing as meteorological drought by GeoCLIM Tool and meteorological based Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Analysis was performed on CV, SPI, and average rainfall anomaly. SPI values were interpolated to get the spatial pattern of meteorological based drought. In the study period 25% was Very severe drought year while 75% were slight to severe drought categories. It was evident from the study that western and east tip of the study region were exposed to high frequency of severe and very severe droughts at annual time scale. Very severe droughts were more pronounced in areas where their altitude is above 1,520m3,275m masl. Increasing tendencies of drought were observed during recent year. The results obtained can be helpful for drought management plans and will help in revealing true drought situation in the area.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81123560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and Annual Meteorological Drought Frequency: Case Study West Hararge Province (Zone)","authors":"A. Hirko, Gezehagn Mergia, Asalifew Nigussie, Tilahun Dandesa","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0701001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0701001","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, the issue of drought has topped the agenda discussed at most climate change conferences and panels. Specifically, of ten times the negative impact of drought cannot be completely measured since drought affects both natural habitat and livelihood of an area. Drought is the manifestation of climate change and a common phenomenon in Ethiopia. Ethiopia faces widespread droughts, causing large economic and social damages. According to Segele and Lumb (2005), Ethiopia has been ravaged by severe drought for many of the last 35 years, primarily due to the failure of its main (kiremt) rainy season. This study attempts to identify the spatio temporal dynamics of Meteorological drought in West Hararge within 1990-2018. It employs the use of GeoCLIM of CHRIPS datasets. The CHIRPS dataset and the GeoCLIM tool were used to estimate SPI for the seasonal and annual Meteorological Drought. So we used Pixels and Image Resolution of CHIRPS pixel = 0.05 degrees ~ 5 km. Spatial rainfall average and CV was identified annually. Meteorological drought reclassified into three classes Very Severe (extreme), moderate and Slight (mild) drought. The finding intended to identify frequency and magnitude of events. Twenty (20yrs) Slight –Very severe drought events occurred in the period 1990–2018 in the province of West Hararge. The most important events were in the 2002, 2009 & 2015’s, (all reached the very severe threshold). During the study periods annual drought event were 68.97% while no drought event were 31.03%. The seasonal drought contribution to the study area is kiremt (40.42%), Belg (31.92%) and Bega (27.66%). Annual drought tendency were very severe, slight and moderate drought with the magnitude of 15%, 50% and 35% respectively. Probability of recurrence on the category were slight, moderate and very severe drought on number of time in years 10, 7 and 3 and the magnitudes of severity of events 2 in 2yrs, 1 in 3yrs and 1 in 7yrs respectively. Generally, the entire study area can be considered as frequently meteorological drought prone area. Increasing tendencies and frequency of drought were observed during recent year (Figure5 and Graph1.1, 1.2 & Table 1.2, 1.3 & 1.5). The finding shows that in the first decade (1990-1999) the annual magnitude of drought tendency were slight to moderate, whereas in the second decade (2000-2009) were under slight ,moderate and very severe and at the third decade (2010-2018) were under slight, moderate, and very severe categories. The seasonal magnitude of drought tendency increase both kiremt and belg during the second decade (1999-2009) (Figure5, Graph1.1, 1.2 & Table 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6), and this shows that there is an increasing of drought frequency and tendency. The patterns of drought events in the study area are highly localized.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84227478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Condition in Public Schools from Ten Districts of Lumbini, Karnali and Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal","authors":"Mr. Anjan Kumar Phoju, Mr. Prakash Koirala, Ms. Sharmila Bajracharya","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0702004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0702004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on research conducted in 3,534 public schools in Nepal's Lumbini, Karnali, and Sudurpaschim province. The information was gathered from public schools, both SMP and non-SMP. Questionnaires were used to collect the majority of the data. Increased access to WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) in schools increases student health and efficiency. WASH services in schools are being scaled up around the world, but little is known about the state of public schools in Nepal. The survey was conducted in 10 districts in three provinces, with 3,534 public schools. As envisioned by School WASH Operational Procedure, 2074, the WASH profile outlined a range of areas where priority and attention are needed for improvement. Since everyday practices in schools are open to person-to-person interaction, schools with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions have a higher risk of illness and disease, as well as increased infection. In schools, providing proper water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste disposal has a range of benefits. This study reveals that public schools in rural areas need significant change and must encourage hardware components. Owing to a shortage of clean water and toilets in the classrooms, students do not wash their hands often. Secondary students also have poor hand washing habits and low self-esteem when it comes to maintaining hygiene and sanitation. Unsafe WASH conditions will impede students' physical and cognitive abilities. Waterborne communicable diseases can be reduced by taking simple steps to foster healthy behaviors, such as proper hand washing practices and a safe school environment. This survey is helpful in establishing the baseline status of the selected districts for potential WASH sector progress review.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84709339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Nutri-Chemical Concentration Levels of Wastewater from Drains Adjacent Cement and Associated Factories in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Iyama, William Azuka, Okotume, Sylvester Chukwuemeka, Edori, O. Simeon","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0701003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0701003","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to ascertain the level of Nutri-chemical parameters from the drains adjacent the cement industry, gas tank farm and other associated activities in the Iwofe by Eagle cement road (now Dangote). This was premeditated by the industrial activities and high employment rate within the study area. Three sample points for each station made up of three composite samples were made labelled R, S, T selected based on distance from target cement factory (100m, 250m and 400m respectively) and corresponding control points of Rc, Sc and Tc respectively were used. The Nutri-chemical parameters of pH, DO, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, NH4+ were determined using Horiba pH meter, Modified Azide or Winkler Method, Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Screening Method, Stannous Chloride Method, Turbidimetric method and the Phenate method respectively (all parameters measured in mg/l except pH in units). Result showed the following ranges for pH, DO, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, NH4+ were 7.14±0.01-7.22±0.01, 0.00±0.00-0.58±0.26, 4.45±0.064.75±0.08, 5.10±0.23-6.30±0.30, 0.40±0.12-0.90±0.20 and 2.68±0.36-3.70±0.22 respectively. The results showed that pH, nitrates and sulphates were within regulatory limits (WHO, NSDWQ, FEPA, NESREA, USEPA, SON etc) but DO, phosphate and ammonia are much above allowable limits by these regulatory agencies which poses great danger to both ground water and water usage for other beneficial uses. The oneway ANOVA and t-test showed no significant variations (p<0.05). There must be deliberate attempt by relevant agencies to monitor the indiscriminate waste dump, effluents and anthropogenic inputs within this area as residential safety, hence groundwater pollution is gradual been threatened.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79037290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Climatic and Topographic Conditions of Different Locations on the Geographical Fingerprints of EVOOS by using LC IMS Qtof Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Ayca Akca Uckun","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0703001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0703001","url":null,"abstract":": The polyphenolic compounds and sterols present in six samples of olive fruits which obtained different climatic and topographic conditions in same region were analysed by LC IMS Qtof mass spectometry. All samples were collected same day during the normal picking period for olive oil production, in Karaburun region of Izmir provience and were obtained from the Erkence variety in six different olive location areas. In the Karaburun region samples, it was analyzed the obtained data using Progenesis QI software to analyze multivariate and to determine the geographical differences with help of statics on sterol and polyphenol profiles of olive oils. Results showed that Karaburun region is clustered significant quantitative differences of virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from different geographical locations. These results permit to use a successful distinction of EVOOs this research. It is recommended that olive oils to be labeled as geographical indication should be labeled on the basis of small local regions.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"500 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84122555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}