International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal and Annual Meteorological Drought Frequency: Case Study East Hararge Province (Zone)","authors":"A. Hirko, Gezehagn Mergia, Asalifew Nigussie, Tilahun Dandesa","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0701002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0701002","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, the issue of drought has topped the agenda discussed at most climate change conferences and panels. Specifically, oftentimes the negative impact of drought cannot be completely measured since drought affects both natural habitat and livelihood of the zone. Drought is the manifestation of climate change and a common phenomenon in Ethiopia. Ethiopia faces widespread droughts, causing large economic and social damages. According to Segele and Lumb (2005), Ethiopia has been ravaged by severe drought for many of the last 35 years, primarily due to the failure of its main (kiremt) rainy season. This study attempts to identify the spatiotemporal dynamics of Meteorological drought in West Hararge within 1990-2018. It employs the use of GeoCLIM of CHRIPS datasets. The CHIRPS dataset and the GeoCLIM tool were used to estimate SPI for the seasonal and annual Meteorological Drought. So we used Pixels and Image Resolution of CHIRPS pixel = 0.05 degrees ~ 5 km. Spatial rainfall average and CV was identified annually. Meteorological drought reclassified into three classes Very Severe (extreme), moderate and Slight (mild) drought. The finding intended to identify frequency and magnitude of events. Twenty (20yrs) Slight –Very severe drought events occurred in the period 1990–2018 in the province of West Hararge. The most important events were in the 2002, 2009 & 2015’s, (all reached the very severe threshold). During the study periods annual drought event were 68.97% while no drought event were 31.03%. The seasonal drought contribution to the study area is kiremt (40.42%), Belg (31.92%) and Bega (27.66%). Annual drought tendency were very severe, slight and moderate drought with the magnitude of 15%, 50% and 35% respectively. Probability of recurrence on the category were slight, moderate and very severe drought on number of time in years 10, 7 and 3 and the magnitudes of severity of events 2 in 2yrs, 1 in 3yrs and 1 in 7yrs respectively. Generally, the entire study area can be considered as frequently meteorological drought prone area. Increasing tendencies and frequency of drought were observed during recent year (Figure5 and Graph1.1, 1.2 & Table 1.2, 1.3 & 1.5). The patterns of drought events in the study area are highly localized. The finding shows that in the first decade (1990-1999) the magnitude of drought tendency were slight to moderate, whereas in the second decade (2000-2009) were under slight to moderate and at the third decade (20102018) were under slight, moderate, severe and very severe categories .The seasonal magnitude of drought tendency increase during belg of third decade (2010-2018)","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75338495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residents' Perceptions and Attitudes towards Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices in Freetown Central Zone, Sierra Leone.","authors":"T. Komba","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0702002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0702002","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management has not only become a daunting task, but also an obvious apprehension in many urban cities, especially for developing nations. Sierra Leone is no exception to such apprehension. The issue is exacerbated particularly for municipal authorities who lack the capacity and basic required logistics to manage the escalating waste condition. Freetown is a mix and most rapidly growing municipality in Sierra Leone, as it is the hub for all major commercial activities. The unappealing piles of solid waste and windblown litter on major streets in Freetown have greatly compromised its environmental quality, natural beauty and aesthetic appearance. This paper is aimed at assessing residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards municipality solid waste management practices in the Freetown Central Zone. To achieve the aim of this study, the Theory of Planned Behaviour which offers a framework for studying human behaviour, directed the study. Using a structured survey electronic questionnaire and thorough interview guide, data was collected from 273 arbitrarily selected household respondents. It was established from the assessment that residents recognized solid waste management as a principal problem in the environment. Approaches to managing municipality solid waste problems will require the provision of sufficient skips, waste bins, and place them at suitable locations accessible to the communities. Even where there are deficiencies in the enforcement of rules and regulations, utilizing community commitment and neighbourhood passion can help in enhancing an effective solid waste management practice in the study area. Additionally, rigorous public education and payment of subsidies by municipality authorities for waste management services should be prioritized to model the existing perception and attitude of residents of the study area. The findings of this study will help open the minds of stakeholders about the concept of perception and attitude to attaining a sustainably cleaner environment. Finally, this research will aid policymakers to consider restructuring existing solid waste management policy to incorporate the circular economy paradigm and factor the role of attitude and perception of waste producers.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89706043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Gaseous Air Pollutants on Agricultural Crops in Developing Countries: A Review","authors":"Satesh Kumar Devrajani, Mehran Qureshi, Uzma Imran, Tamat Ul Nisa","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0602001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0602001","url":null,"abstract":"This review provides knowledge about air pollution and its impact on agriculture crop yield and quality in developing countries. The need of increasing agriculture production has been very important for the increasing of population. Air pollutants pose risks on yield of crops depending on the emission pattern, atmospheric transport and leaf uptake and on the plant’s biochemical defence capacity. In the recent research it is identified that the agriculture production is being affected by air pollution, the impact of air pollution is caused by number of air pollutants (sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), and Ozone (O3). Air pollutants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which adversely affect biochemical processes of plants and reduce their tolerance capacity to other stresses also. Several vital physiological processes such as photosynthetic CO2 fixation and energy metabolism are also affected negatively by air pollutants. An adverse effect caused by air pollutants depends not only upon its concentration, but also on the duration and combination of air pollutants. Ozone is the most phytotoxic of the common air pollutants. It is concluded that the continuous increasing concentration of pollutants will pose a critical threat to future world food security.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85627944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Soil Polluted by Mining Activities in Lubumbashi (Haut-Katanga, D.R. Congo)","authors":"","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0604001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0604001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87596296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimental Pollen Distribution in the Northeastern Indian Ocean and their Palaeo-Environmental Information","authors":"Chixin Chen, Chuanxiu Luo, R. Xiang, Jianguo Liu, Jun Lu, X. Su, Qiang Zhang, Sazal Kumar, Lin Yang","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0603001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0603001","url":null,"abstract":"Seabed sediments in the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean have preserved comprehensive information of the typical tropical oceans and ancient marine environment. Firstly, the sample of core 12I712 was used for paleoclimate reconstruction of the northeastern Indian Ocean. In zones A and B (45~36 ka BP) of the 12I712 core, tree pollen had a higher percentage. Combined with the high pollen concentration in A and B zones, this reflects the warm and humid climate of the resource areas, which was associated with a high sea level. The percentage of pollen of the trees in zones C and D (36 ~ 5 ka BP) decreased and the percentage of pollen of the herbaceous plants increased. The percentages of pollen from Betula and Alnus increased, reflecting the gradual transformation to a cold and dry climate with scarce vegetation and drought. Then, based on a fossil pollen analysis on two cores from the northeastern Indian Ocean and compared with fossil pollen results from the South China Sea, we determined that warm pools can be taken as a climate humidity index both in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. Pinus pollen can be taken as an index of sea level change; its percentage decreased in the low sea level period only in the cores near the continental shelf, and its percentage increased in the low sea level period in the cores in the northeastern Indian Ocean because they are in the deep sea.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78725297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Quality Assessment using a Water Quality Index (WQI) in Nine Major Cities of Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"P. Akram, G. S. Solangi, Farrukh Shehzad, Aftab Ahmed, Kandhro, S. S. Arain, M. A. Kamboh","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0603002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0603002","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality is considered as an important factor to detect the environmental changes which are associated with social and economic development [1]. The recent global crisis of surface water, population growth and rapid industrialization has ultimately resulted in relying on groundwater consumption. Hence groundwater becomes an indispensable source for the drinking, household doings, livestock needs, irrigation, industrial and many more commercial activities [2, 3]. The quality of groundwater depends upon its physical characteristics, the concentration of chemical constituents and the geology of the area. Different natural and anthropogenic activities tend to change the physicochemical characteristics of ground-water and deteriorate its quality [4, 5].","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90053143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Groundwater Sustainability Index using AHP/GIS Approach","authors":"M. Sadek, K. Hagagg","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0604003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0604003","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of water scarcity and food deficit while population progressively over-increasing, agricultural expansion into deserts become urgent, this requires sustainable groundwater resources to be secured. A wide range of sustainability indicators are available in literatures but efforts are still needed to develop them into measurable indexes that help to judge the extent to which the groundwater resources are developed sustainably and to direct toward better development This work introduces a novel groundwater sustainability index developed using the Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which is a widely used MultiCriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method. Five indicators have been selected in this work (Change in Water level, Renewability of Groundwater, Aquifer Saturated Thickness , Water Quality and Vulnerability Indexes ), these consider both quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the resources and reflect the economic and environmental sustainability and social well-being. The selected criteria and sub criteria have been assigned weights and rates based on their relative importance to the main goal, the weights and rates were compared with each other in pair-wise matrixes , the eigen values and consistency ratio were calculated to validate the assigned weights and rates of the selected parameters ; the ranges of these parameters are classed and rated then reclassified with GIS and RS for application of the sustainability index in pilot area. The results of hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples as well as mapping of inventoried data form ElKhatatba pilot area have been used for hydrochemical and hydrogeological characterization of the system and for preparation the site thematic layers on which the developed indexapplied. The overall sustainability of groundwater resources in the ElKhatatba area vary between moderate to poor grades moderate to poor grades which highlights the necessity for continuous monitoring and better management of the groundwater resources. Finally, the proposed index was validated using the change in land use with time","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83977114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-Chemical Assessment of the Water Quality of the Yopougon Bay, (Lagune Ebrie, Cote D'ivoire)","authors":"A. Mireille, Akobe Apie Colette, A. Paul, Amani Abraham Bledou, Aka, Kouamé","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0604004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0604004","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the analysis of the physicochemical parameters of the bay of Yopougon. A first series of data was measured in situ at a fixed station in the bay where a sensor was installed. Another comes from an analysis of the water sample. This work was carried out as part of the monitoring of RNO water (national observation network). Its objective is to evaluate the characteristics of the physico-chemical chemical parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity, TDS, dissolved oxygen, ORP, TSS) of the Yopougon bay and of the nutrient salts (ammonium, nitrite and phosphate). The study was conducted on the surface and in the bay's water column. The curves obtained show a variation in the physico-chemical parameters from the surface to the depth of the bay. The concentrations of the parameters are above normal. The waters of Yopougon Bay are warm, alkaline. They are impacted by discharges from agro-industrial companies and wastewater. This water could be very harmful to use and therefore unsuitable for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77504025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric Content of Particulate Matter PM2.5 in Gazipur and Mymensingh City Corporation Area of Bangladesh","authors":"Rakib Hasan, ⃰. MD.AZHARULISLAM, Sanzida Marzia, Hafsa Jahan Hiya","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0602003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0602003","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution has become a public health concern in Bangladesh and regarded as one of the major environmental hazards in Bangladesh as well as worldwide. Particulate matter pollution is a major concern in the large cities of Bangladesh. The main contributors of air pollution are motor vehicles, brick kilns, diesel generators and industries. In recent years much research interest has been shown on atmospheric particles as they influence on climate change and cause adverse health effects (Islam et al., 2017; Hoque et al., 2014). Atmospheric PM is of great concern to the public and to government agencies because of its significant impact on human health, visibility reduction, agriculture and atmospheric chemistry (Sarker et al., 2018; Begum et al., 2012). Particle pollution is the term for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. These include \"inhalable coarse particles,\" with diameters between 2.5 micrometers and 10 micrometers, and \"fine particles,\" 2.5 micrometers and smaller (EPA, 2016). Developing (like Bangladesh) or rapidly industrializing countries are most vulnerable to air pollution because a great amount of air pollutants from various sources mix continuously in the environment. In developing countries like Bangladesh, population explosion along with widespread urbanization has resulted in dense urban centers with poor air quality. Biomass burning and dust deposition profound deterioration of air quality which reported by a Abstract: The particulate matter PM2.5 concentrations in the air of Gazipur and Mymensingh citycorporation during February to April, 2019 have been studied. The PM2.5 status and the sources of air pollution in these cities have been investigated. Sampling was done by “SNDWAY SW-825 Laser PM2.5 Detector tester gas monitor Digital Air Quality Monitor. The sampling sites were Joydebpur road, Vogra Bypass Bus Stop, Gazipur Chowrasta Bus stop, Telipara and Salna in Gazipur city-corporation In Mymensingh city-corporation the sampling sites were BAU Campus, Bridge Moor, Chorpara, Town-hall, Bypass Moor Bus stop, respectively. The concentrations of PM2.5 significantly changed with respect to that of previous years. Though Gazipur is a very busy traffic point and Mymensingh is a semi residential area, the concentrations of PM2.5 Gazipur city-corporation has been found higher than that of Mymensingh citycorporation. PM2.5 concentration in the air of Gazipur city-corporation ranged (137.25 341.44 μg m ), the highest PM2.5 concentration 282.50 μg m -3 was found in Telipara and the lowest concentration 147.08 μg m was found in Salna, with mean value of 203.68 μg m, while standard deviation was 55.39 μg m. PM2.5 concentration in the air of Mymensingh city-corporation ranged from (120.67-268.67 μg m), the highest PM2.5 concentration 233.83 μg m -3 was found in Bridge moor and the lowest concentration 128.58 μg m was found at BAU Campus, with mean value of 172.73 μg m, while standard deviation was 40.10 μg m","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"2002 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88361517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Modelling of Water Quality Parameters in Nigeria","authors":"O. AkinladeY.","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0603005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0603005","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a unique substance that has many physical properties distinct from those possessed by other liquid, gaseous, or solid materials existing on the earth’s surface. Water is colourless and transparent substance which is not distributed uniformly over the surface of the earth, as some areas are blessed with a fairly uniform and more than adequate supply for human needs, while many other regions have a greater need for water than they can supply. Water is essential for the existence of all life forms; it is a vital need that man cannot survive without it. water is life and its importance in the life of man, animals and plants cannot be overemphasized. However, the task of meeting domestic water needs in rural and urban areas in most developing countries, particularly in Nigeria, is enormous and falls mainly to women and children. Households also spend considerable time and effort fetching water from sources such as rivers, streams, ponds, wells and boreholes. The most important fresh water resources are rivers (Kolawole et al. 2011). Rivers play a basic role in assimilating the urban waste water, industrial wastes and surface run off from agricultural fields (Basu and Lokesh 2014). Human being and other living organisms depend on water for their survival.Quality of different water resources is subjected to ongoing consequences of water pollution and these results in the increase in demand for monitoring its quality. Water is considered polluted if some substances or condition is present to such a degree that the water cannot be used for a specific purpose (W.H.O., 2017). If the concentration of substances naturally present in water increases then also the water is said to be polluted. Olaniran (1995) defined water pollution to be the presence of excessive amounts of a hazard (pollutants) in water of water quantity in such a way that it is no long suitable for drinking, bathing, cooking or other uses. Testing of the water quality is an essential part of environmental monitoring. The aquatic life as well as surrounding ecosystem is affected when water quality is poor. The quality must be tested with different physico-chemical parameters and the selection of parameter for testing Abstract: Inadequate safe water remains a threat to human health in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. The Asejire reservoir is considered a major source of water in Ibadan and water pollution is pronounced as a result of growing population and urbanization in the area it serves. In this study, We studied and analysed water quality parameters of treated and untreated water samples from Asejire Reservoir of Oyo state, Nigeria. We examined the conformance of the sample parameters to the W.H.O 2017 standards for safe and acceptable drinking water parameters. Data were obtained from the Oyo State water corporation which contained values on water quality parameters such as turbidity, colour, pH, alkalinity, etc. Correlations between values of the pollutants were examine","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89842863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}