International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Public Lavatories in Akure, Nigeria","authors":"Dr. Olukayode Rotowa","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0601002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0601002","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, at least 2.6 billion people lack access to improved sanitation, and 437 million ofthem live in sub-Saharan Africa (WHO, 2004, Niwagba, 2007). It is equally estimated that about 1 billion people still defecate in the open. When people lived in small groups as hunters and gatherers, environment naturally decomposes their refuse and human wastes. Waste disposal became an important concern as societies moved from nomadic cultures to concentrate settlements. This is because of the low carrying capacity of the environment to handle it. Safe and hygienic disposal of human wastes is an increasing problem in most cities in Nigeria, as it is in most developing countries. Improper, unsafe and unhygienic disposal of human excreta has a direct relation to environmental quality (Pathak, 1991). Leading to high mortality, morbidity and decreasing community health, sanitation and productivity. The combined effects of rural-urban migration and congregation of urban poor have led to overstretching of water and sanitation facilities. The local government, which is saddled with the oversight on sanitation is not financially sustained and is bedeviled with resource constraint, leading to rapid deterioration in quality of life and community health. The situation will be further aggravated if urgent steps are not put in place to improve sanitation through people‟s participation, inter-sectoral co-ordination, innovative and appropriate technology for the management of human waste.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89865829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Modelling of Water Quality Parameters in Nigeria","authors":"O. AkinladeY.","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0603005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0603005","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a unique substance that has many physical properties distinct from those possessed by other liquid, gaseous, or solid materials existing on the earth’s surface. Water is colourless and transparent substance which is not distributed uniformly over the surface of the earth, as some areas are blessed with a fairly uniform and more than adequate supply for human needs, while many other regions have a greater need for water than they can supply. Water is essential for the existence of all life forms; it is a vital need that man cannot survive without it. water is life and its importance in the life of man, animals and plants cannot be overemphasized. However, the task of meeting domestic water needs in rural and urban areas in most developing countries, particularly in Nigeria, is enormous and falls mainly to women and children. Households also spend considerable time and effort fetching water from sources such as rivers, streams, ponds, wells and boreholes. The most important fresh water resources are rivers (Kolawole et al. 2011). Rivers play a basic role in assimilating the urban waste water, industrial wastes and surface run off from agricultural fields (Basu and Lokesh 2014). Human being and other living organisms depend on water for their survival.Quality of different water resources is subjected to ongoing consequences of water pollution and these results in the increase in demand for monitoring its quality. Water is considered polluted if some substances or condition is present to such a degree that the water cannot be used for a specific purpose (W.H.O., 2017). If the concentration of substances naturally present in water increases then also the water is said to be polluted. Olaniran (1995) defined water pollution to be the presence of excessive amounts of a hazard (pollutants) in water of water quantity in such a way that it is no long suitable for drinking, bathing, cooking or other uses. Testing of the water quality is an essential part of environmental monitoring. The aquatic life as well as surrounding ecosystem is affected when water quality is poor. The quality must be tested with different physico-chemical parameters and the selection of parameter for testing Abstract: Inadequate safe water remains a threat to human health in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. The Asejire reservoir is considered a major source of water in Ibadan and water pollution is pronounced as a result of growing population and urbanization in the area it serves. In this study, We studied and analysed water quality parameters of treated and untreated water samples from Asejire Reservoir of Oyo state, Nigeria. We examined the conformance of the sample parameters to the W.H.O 2017 standards for safe and acceptable drinking water parameters. Data were obtained from the Oyo State water corporation which contained values on water quality parameters such as turbidity, colour, pH, alkalinity, etc. Correlations between values of the pollutants were examine","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89842863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Rhizosphere Processes to Acacia Seedlings Adaptation into Polluted Soils of a Municipal Landfill (Cote d'Ivoire)","authors":"E. Bolou-Bi, N'Gattah Armel Kraidy, Aboudoukarime Serme, D. J. Ettien, C. Balland-Bolou-Bi","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0603004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0603004","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate urban waste management in Cote d’Ivoire is the heavy metal source in soils used to produce vegetables. This represents a potential risk of food contamination. In order to find an efficient technique for soils depollution before their use in agriculture, an experimental study had demonstrated the ability of species of Acacia (mangium, auriculiformis and crassicarpa) to extract heavy metals from landfill soils. This work was undertaken to determine rhizosphere processes controlling Acacia growth in polluted soil. An experiment was carried out in hydroponic culture and on thin layer of landfill polluted soil during 3 months. During this experiment, growth parameters, soil chemical properties, heavy metal contents in soil (total and various fractions) and in plants were measured at the end of experiment. Results show that plant growth is related to the development of strategies in root zone. Plants released protons in their rhizosphere and lowering the redox potential, especially under Acacia crassicarpa, which stored the most level of heavy metal in in biomass. The other species produce organic acids allowing plants to grow with high biomass in soil with high content of heavy metal. Acacia crassicarpa is therefore the species better suited for depollution of landfill soil.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74161206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Doses Biologically Active Ultraviolet Solar Radiation from Measurements of Global Solar Radiation","authors":"S. Khalil, U. A. Rahoma, A. Hassan, A. M. Shaffie","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0602004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0602004","url":null,"abstract":"The ghastly scope of sun based radiation relating to frequencies λ< 400 nm, is called bright (UV). The bright is subdivided into three frequency band locales: the UV-A (315-400 nm) which is gotten at earth's surface, the UV-B (280-315 nm) which is halfway consumed by ozone or dispersed in the climate and UVC (<290 nm) which is possibly the most hazardous as it has the most elevated vitality levels, however this frequency band area is totally consumed by stratospheric ozone and oxygen above about 30km. Stratospheric ozone is known to be the most significant environmental factor deciding clear sky UV-B radiation arriving at the Earth's surface. The potential increment of UV-B presentation is the reason for mounting worry about the ozone layer. There are, be that as it may, different impacts that impact the UV brilliant vitality move: overcast spread, pressurized canned products, tropospheric ozone, and different vaporous toxins. The connections between different marvels occurring in the environment are perplexing. Along these lines, ground based UV estimations are important to investigate climatic changes and resultant impacts on the biosphere. The information on sun powered UV radiation arriving at the Earth's surface has an extraordinary intrigue due to its huge job in climatic and natural procedures. The UV-B sun based radiation (280-315 nm) speaks to ≈ 0.5% of the all-out radiation arriving at the earth surface, and it is significant for the Earth-living frameworks since it is a radiation of high vitality. UV-B irradiance on the Earth surface relies upon land factors, for example, scope, stature, earth-sun separation, and sunlight based peak edge (SZA), and so forth. The impact of these elements can be assessed utilizing distinctive radiative models. Anyway UV-B sunlight based radiation relies upon air parameters like ozone, mists and pressurized canned products. Ozone is the gas that ingests UVC and some UV-B sun powered radiation and the impact of the complete ozone segment was remembered for every single radiative model. Mists are Abstract: The main objective of this research, estimated of mean seasonal variations doses biologically active of UV-Bm solar radiation from global broadband solar irradiance over Egypt. The measurements of global solar radiation (G) and biologically effective erythematic radiation (EER) incident on a horizontal surface during the period time 1985 2015 at Cairo, Egypt are discussed. The monthly mean variation of slant ozone Z and UV-Bm transmission KtUV-B at the present work are found. The comparison between the two variables slant ozone Z and UV-Bm transmission KtUV-B are found. The seasonal statistical values of regression equations as the slopes (β), intercepts (α) and the standard errors (SE) for the fitted lines are done. The minimum slope occurs in winter, indicating that the percentage reduction in EER at higher slant ozone Z is larger than G. The variations of the slopes (β) during the year ranges from a mi","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78435404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Major Road Transportation Planning and Management for Commercial Transport in Urban Settlement","authors":"Adewuyi, Gbola Kehinde, Iyanda Gbemisola","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0602005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0602005","url":null,"abstract":"Roads are designed to serve different purposes, which can be referred to as a “functional classes” (Feng and Levison, 2006). Functional classification is the process by which streets and highways are grouped into classes according to the character of service they are intended to provide (Federal Highway Administration, 1997). Transportation and property are important in physical and economic development of towns and cities all over the world. Property and land values tend to increase in areas with expanding transportation networks, and increase less rapidly in areas without such improvements. Rapid and continued rise in housing and land prices are expected in cities with transportation improvements and rapid economic and population growth (Goldberg, 1970). The importance of transportation cannot be over-emphasized. Transportation centrally affects the relationship between physical space and society, and changes in transportation affect the organization of human activity in urban and regional space. It structures the built environment, spurs urban growth, as well as orders relationships among cities in a national urban system (Yago, 1983).","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78604360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Management of Housing Projects in Nigeria: Methodological Perspective","authors":"Achoru Afam Mike, Achuenu Emmanuel, D. Mallo","doi":"10.20431/2454-9444.0602002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0602002","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria’s housing projects have continued to under-perform despite countless input on the path of both the public and private sectors which makes the housing situation a far cry from expectations. Leffat (2012) posited that under-performance in project activities exist within various phases of a housing project life cycle which make up the duration of a housing project. The life cycle phases of a housing project include: initiation, planning; design; execution and commissioning phase (Leffat, 2012). Ibem and Aduwo (2015); Joboye (2009) opined that challenges have continually marred the Nigeria housing project setting which has affected project delivery adversely to include the economy as a whole. Housing projects can deliver the expected levels of success if the challenges which abound in the different phases of a project life cycle are mitigated (Leffat, 2012). Ketut and Dwijendra (2013) noted that housing project challenges vary in nature which makes it quite daunting to address. The inability to promptly address challenges in a housing project can have a resulting and adverse effect on another aspect of the project hence the need to act early enough. The varying nature of African housing project challenges signifies the need for the best possible manpower, techniques and approaches to be used to guarantee project success (Muriithi & Crawford, 2003). Project success in the opinion of Prabjheet (2011) entails that the responsibilities in every phase of a housing project life cycle is executed to ensure the satisfaction of clients and project stakeholders. This can only be achieved by ensuring that every existing challenge is addressed promptly and properly. Abstract: Mindful of the importance of a smooth housing project process especially towards economic sustainability, challenges have continued to undermine project performance. Housing project challenges which exist in each phase of a project life cycle border on the inability of project stakeholders to deliver the required and stipulated project expectations. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) which ensures that firms’ act responsibly in service delivery has been applied in a multitude of ways by several researchers in the construction industry as well as housing projects, especially in developed nations. The need for the application of CSR in the management of housing projects by construction firms is vital as it presents potentials as a panacea to housing project challenges. However, CSR application in the management of housing projects as a panacea to housing project life cycle challenges remains unstudied which creates a gap that informed this study. Furthermore, relevant questions on its adoption and implementation in Nigerian housing projects can be best answered when an appropriate research methodology is used. The research methodology adopted for a doctoral research aimed at applying CSR in housing project management along project life cycle phases as a panacea to housing project c","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89615016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Changes Induced by Chronic, Sub- Lethal Diazinon Exposure in Alligator Gar (Atractosteus Spatula) Tissues","authors":"Ahmad Omar-Ali, L. Petrie‐Hanson","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/4/1/00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/4/1/00129","url":null,"abstract":"Diazinon is a widely used household and agricultural pesticide that accumulates in the aquatic environment and adversely affects non-target organisms such as mammals, birds, and fish. Sub-lethal pesticide levels occur in natural waters, and can impact the health, physiology and fitness of fish populations. This study was conducted to assess the effects of chronic, sub-lethal diazinon exposure to skin, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, gut, intestine, and gas bladder tissues of alligator gar, Atractosteus spatula. In two studies, gar were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of 0.01, and 0.1 mg/L diazinon for 15 and 30 day periods. Skin, gills, liver, and kidney of exposed fish demonstrated remarkable microscopic lesions. These changes included skin lesions in the head and body, which started as white spots and progressed into deep ulcerations, hepatic vacuolation, swollen hepatocytes, steatosis, aggregation of macrophages, necrosis, and hepatic fibrosis. Gill tissues demonstrated epithelial hyperplasia in the secondary lamellae. Vacuolar degeneration was also present in the hematopoietic tissues of the kidney. Lesion occurrence and severity were correlated to increased diazinon dose and exposure time. Our findings revealed the harmful effects of chronic, sub-lethal diazinon exposure on alligator gar, and suggest other aquatic organisms may also be affected by sub-lethal concentrations of pollutants in their environment.","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47219407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perchlorate: The Two-Decade Journey to a Proposed Rule","authors":"S. Goldhaber","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/4/1/00128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/4/1/00128","url":null,"abstract":"Perchlorate, a manufactured and naturally occurring chemical, was first detected in drinking water supplies in California in the 1980s. In the 1990s, perchlorate contamination (in the parts-per-billion range) was detected in drinking water supplies across the U.S. EPA began evaluating perchlorate for regulation in drinking water in 1998 and has spent 21 years issuing various proposals and findings on perchlorate, with a proposed (not final) drinking water regulation issued on June 26, 2019. The lack of a drinking water standard has had ramifications, including lack of trust in public drinking water resulting in economic hardship, particularly among Department of Defense personnel and other low-wealth communities, the states setting a patchwork of their own regulations on perchlorate, and lack of monitoring or clean-up of perchlorate in Department of Defense water systems. The reasons for EPA’s two-decade rulemaking process for perchlorate include the process EPA uses to determine regulatory feasibility under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the multi-year scientific review process. Key recommendations for shortening the process include amending the Safe Drinking Water Act and increasing transparency of the rulemaking process. List of Abbreviations: BMDL- Benchmark Dose Level; CCL- Contaminant Candidate List; DOD- Department of Defense; DWEL- Drinking Water Equivalent Level; EPA- Environmental Protection Agency; GAO- General Accountability Office; HRL- Health Reference Level; IRIS- Integrated Risk Information System; LOAEL- Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; MCL- Maximum Contaminant Level; MCLG- Maximum Contaminant Level Goal; NOAEL- No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; NRC- National Research Council; RfD- Reference Dose; RSC- Relative Source Contribution; SAB-Science Advisory Board; SDWA- Safe Drinking Water Act","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46908653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of COD Removal for the Glyphosate Herbicide from Aqueous Solution by Electrocoagulation Process","authors":"Nasser M Ghalwa, Ahmed Z Musabeh, Nader B Farhat","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/4/1/00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/4/1/00127","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the glyphosate adsorption by water treatment residual using the method of indirect Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in aqueous solution using the electrocoagulation process. The optimum glyphosate removal was obtained with typical operating conditions: initial pH of 5.8, initial herbicide concentration of 100 mg/L, current density 25 mA/cm2, type of electrolyte, and salt concentration of 1 g/L and temperature of 20oC. The results showed that the COD of glyphosate removal were 89.8% by using iron (Fe) electrodes at 40 min, 89.8% by using stainless steel S-S at 60 min, while were 84.8 % by using aluminum Al electrodes at the 80 min. It was found that the data fitted to Freundlich (R2 = 0.964) model. In glyphosate the electrocoagulation process can be described by a pseudo first order with rate constant (0.0059, 0.0052 and 0.005 min- 1) by using Fe, S-S and Al electrodes respectively. The consumption of electrical energy for glyphosate at optimum conditions as follows: (9.999, 13.9 and 19.0619 KWh/m3) using Fe, S-S and Al electrodes respectively. Keywords: Electrocoagulation; Electrodes; Herbicide; Glyphosate; Adsorption; Kinetics","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43474703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity to residual chlorine: Comparison of sensitivity of native Arabian Gulf species and non-native species","authors":"S. Saeed, Nandita Deb, L. Varghese, Bernice Thornhill, I. Al-shaikh, C. Warren","doi":"10.15226/2572-3162/4/1/00126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/4/1/00126","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorine is extensively used as a powerful oxidizing agent in the countries surrounding the Arabian Gulf for water treatment and biofouling control. Its usage has been increasing significantly as demand for water grows considerably both in industry and for domestic use. This is due to the fact that it is a well-tested technology, has had a history of long-term worldwide industrial use and is of acceptable cost. While the Arabian Gulf waters support a range of coastal and pelagic marine habitats including mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and coral reefs, marine organisms in these waters are living close to their tolerance limits due to the extreme environmental stressors like temperature and salinity. Anthropogenic stressors such as chlorine may further exacerbate these natural stressors. In seawater, chlorine produces a mixture of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion. These rapidly react with the bromide ion to form a mixture of hypobromous and hypobromite ion. Total residual oxidants formed by chlorination although are short lived and not persistent in seawater, they can be quite toxic. In the present study, toxicity data were obtained from 7 acute toxicity tests and 3 chronic toxicity tests using Arabian Gulf aquatic species from different trophic levels. The study also examined the effect of temperature and developmental stages on toxicity of chlorine. Furthermore, differences in the species sensitivity distribution between native and non-native species were compared. The main finding of the study showed that there was no significant difference between native and non-native species for chlorine toxicity. This would suggest that toxicity data from different geographic region can be used in deriving site- specific ecological risk assessment of chlorine. Keywords: Chlorine; Arabian Gulf; acute toxicity; chronic toxicity; risk assessment; species sensitivity distribution;","PeriodicalId":93649,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research in environmental science and toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43150527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}