{"title":"Feasibility assessment of electrochemical chlorination for direct potable reuse","authors":"Kaichao Yang , Ibrahim M. Abu-Reesh , Zhen He","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical chlorination is promising for direct potable reuse (DPR) with zero-chemical-input and was investigated in this study for its application potential in reverse osmosis (RO)-based and non-RO-based DPR processes. Treatment of the simulated reclaimed water from non-RO-based trains showed satisfactory chlorine evolution compared to that from the RO-based trains. Under an applied current of 100 mA, a desired free chlorine concentration of 2 mg Cl<sub>2</sub> L<sup>−1</sup> was obtained within a short reaction time of 3.5 s. Consistent chlorine evolution performance was achieved in continuous experiments for 500 cycles, and the effluent pH was within the range of potable water guidelines (6.5 – 8.5). Electrochemical chlorination showed competitive disinfection performance compared to conventional chemical chlorination (7 log inactivation of <em>E. coli</em> within 60 s) at a low energy demand of ∼ 0.05 kWh m<sup>−3</sup>. The results of this preliminary investigation encourage the further exploration of electrochemical chlorination for DPR through the use of noble-metal-free anodes, utilization of renewable energy sources, removing persistent organic contaminants, and examining the synergy with RO-based DPR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911024000169/pdfft?md5=b92f6e4a0cbd5d5a8c46b21b514e1f35&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911024000169-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"g-C3N4 based Z-scheme photocatalysts for tetracycline degradation: A comprehensive review","authors":"Madhu Surana , Dhruti Sundar Pattanayak , V.K. Singh, Dharm Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) has garnered significant attention due to its low cost, ease of preparation, high chemical stability, and non-toxicity. Nevertheless, pristine g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> faces challenges in simultaneously achieving a broad absorption range, high stability, efficient charge separation, and strong redox capability, which hampers its practical applications. Recently, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based Z-scheme photocatalysts have emerged as research hotspots owing to their robust redox ability, effective charge carrier separation, and capacity to harness visible light for degradation of tetracyclines (TCs) in waters. This review delves into the fundamental photocatalysis, and application of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based Z-scheme photocatalysts for the degradation of TCs pollutants. The review concludes with final remarks and a concise discussion on the prospects of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based Z-scheme photocatalysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911024000157/pdfft?md5=45a673b28526a5ec8a9eed7186032a2f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911024000157-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ananta Azad , Hasnain Farooq , Amir Verdi , Haizhou Liu
{"title":"Integrating UV/persulfate and deficit irrigation of recycled water: Strategy to minimize crop accumulation of trace organic contaminants and enhance crop yield","authors":"Ananta Azad , Hasnain Farooq , Amir Verdi , Haizhou Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the combination of UV persulfate (UV/PS) treatment of recycled water and deficit irrigation to minimize pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) accumulation and improve crop quality. Lettuce, carrot, and tomato, commonly consumed raw, were cultivated in a greenhouse using PPCPs spiked recycled water, UV/PS treated recycled water, and tap water control, under irrigation rates at 60 %, 80 % and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>C</sub>) rates. UV/PS removed ≥ 99 % of carbamazepine, diclofenac, and fluoxetine from spiked recycled water. Post-treatment, carbamazepine accumulation in harvested lettuce, carrot, and tomato was reduced by 96–99 %, 35–70 % and 72–93 %, respectively. Minimal accumulation of diclofenac and fluoxetine occurred in edible crops due to their existence as dissociated ions. Three edible crops exhibited distinct trends of PPCPs accumulation in response to irrigation rates. Lettuce exhibited a decreasing PPCPs accumulation with a reduced irrigation rate, which was attributed to slower transpiration. In contrast, carrot and tomato exhibited increased PPCP accumulation due to osmotic adjustment. Lettuce and carrot exhibited higher irrigation water utilization efficiency at deficit irrigation, while the opposite was observed for tomato. This study highlights the beneficial integration of UV/PS with deficit irrigation to conserve water, maintain crop yield, and minimize PPCPs accumulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911024000145/pdfft?md5=4655ed51cf5cc6bae141eb8c0d6a36c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911024000145-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of hexavalent chromium-tolerant endophytic bacteria inhabiting Solanum virginicum L. roots: A study on potential for chromium bioremediation and plant growth promotion","authors":"Akanksha Gupta , Surendra Kumar Gond , Virendra Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Present study was performed with the aim to isolate Heavy metal Tolerant- PGPB (HMT-PGPB) from metal-contaminated site and use them for Cr bioremediation. Six different bacterial strains were obtained from the endosphere of <em>Solanum virginicum</em> L. roots and cultured using nutrient agar media amended with 20 mg/L of Cr(VI). The ability of these Cr(VI) tolerant bacterial isolates were assessed for PGP traits like producing siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and phosphate solubilization. The findings indicated that all of the isolates could produce exopolymeric substances and IAA, five of them could produce siderophores, and three could solubilize phosphate. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these strains werealso determined. These strains were identified as <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> SxR1, <em>B. tequilensis</em> SxR2, <em>B. subtilis</em> SxR3, <em>B. velezensis</em> SxR4, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> SxR6, and <em>B. stercoris</em> SxR8. To validate the findings, it is crucial to comprehend how Cr(VI) affects <em>Bacillus</em> sp. SxR1 cells to determine the course of uptake and bacterial cell alteration, which was assessed via Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911024000133/pdfft?md5=cb57e15dd1bd6d3f5d5e0985b3f3dc14&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911024000133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Di Zheng , Zhuning Geng , Runlei Ge , Jingqi Dong , Guanghe Li , Fang Zhang
{"title":"Enhanced migration and degradation of nitrobenzene in heterogeneous porous media using pulsed direct current electrical resistance heating with hydraulic circulation","authors":"Di Zheng , Zhuning Geng , Runlei Ge , Jingqi Dong , Guanghe Li , Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrical resistance heating (ERH) is a promising <em>in-situ</em> technology for heterogeneous organic contaminated site remediation, yet may have low efficiency when treating semi-volatile organic contaminant (SVOC) of relatively high boiling point. Herein, we chose nitrobenzene as a representative SVOC, and proposed an ERH system powered by pulsed direct current (PDC) with simple hydraulic circulation for improved remediation efficiency in heterogeneous media. The proposed PDC-ERH with hydraulic circulation showed overall improvement in heating performance and energy efficiency, as well as migration and removal of nitrobenzene. This new system improved the uniformity of PDC heating and achieved a temperature increase of ∼15°C compared to that using conventional alternating current (AC) of same voltage. Nitrobenzene migration out of the low permeability zone (LPZ) was intensified by the dual effects of heat-induced diffusion enhancement and electric field-induced electroosmotic flow, while subsequent removal was enhanced by electrochemical degradation and volatilization. After 96 h, the proposed system has a higher nitrobenzene removal from LPZ (> 97.1%) compared to that using AC (84.0%–95.9%). These results suggest PDC heating coupled with hydraulic circulation was a promising approach for heterogeneous site remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911024000121/pdfft?md5=70b0c1bead8f50fdf403f48199d77754&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911024000121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sehar Razzaq , Beibei Zhou , Zakir Ullah , Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman , Hongchao Guo , Muhammad Adil , Chen Xiaopeng , Li Wen Qian
{"title":"Exploring the impact of organic and inorganic amendments, with foliar application of iron nanoparticles, on cadmium stabilization and growth of maize in wastewater irrigated-soil","authors":"Sehar Razzaq , Beibei Zhou , Zakir Ullah , Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman , Hongchao Guo , Muhammad Adil , Chen Xiaopeng , Li Wen Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study addresses the critical issue of Cd contamination in agricultural soils, posing substantial risks to crop productivity and food safety. While prior pot experiment has undertook this issue on a small scale, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of selected best soil amendments, at a large-scale field experiment.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>Press mud and humic acid were applied at 0.5%, while gypsum and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were applied at 5 mg/kg alone and with foliar application of Fe nanoparticles at 5 mg/L.</p></div><div><h3>Analysis</h3><p>Comparative analysis with control revealed the immobilization efficiency of all amendments in descending order of effectiveness as follows: 100, 102, 104, 104, 105, 102, 105, and 105% for PM, HA, GYP, Fe, PM + Fe Nps, HA + Fe Nps, GYP + Fe Nps, and Fe + Fe Nps. Additionally, reduced growth, photosynthetic activities, and elevated levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, indicative of oxidative damage in control plant.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Application of these amendments with foliar spraying of Fe Nps effectively mitigates Cd toxicity in maize crops, leading to improved growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activities.</p></div><div><h3>Novelty/Improvement</h3><p>These findings highlight the significance of exploring innovative approach of combining different amendments with foliar application of nanoparticles to mitigate Cd contamination and enhance soil health, thereby contributing to global efforts in ensuring food safety and security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911024000108/pdfft?md5=5d79650156d4603b02b3ff305eef6926&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911024000108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regenerated products from leather industrial solid waste: Future perspective and current advances","authors":"Rethinam Senthil","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The removal of chrome waste (CW) has been identified as a significant environmental problem due to chromium's toxicity. This study tried to make a regenerated flexible sheet (RFS) with a leather alternative effect from chrome waste powder (CWP), cardboard waste fiber (CBWF), and protein binder (PB) fabricated by the hydraulic wet and hot press method. The prepared RFS was characterized by its High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical analysis, and biodegradation properties. The result showed the strong binding achieved with fiber/polymer membrane for RFS. In this regard, RFS with suitable mechanical properties such as tensile strength (37.54 ± 1.32 MPa), elongation at break (33.64 ± 0.52 %), flexibility (5.34 ± 0.67 %), water absorption (27.74 ± 1.56 %), and water desorption (27.46 ± 0.76 %) properties. RFS possessed the required mechanical properties for leather sheet production and it was also biodegradable. The study proves that these composites could be successfully used for the production of cost-effective leather goods and footwear production. Production of useful byproducts from waste is income generating and at the same time reduces environmental pollution and a feasible technology for waste recycling has been proved in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266691102400011X/pdfft?md5=ffc784f547bb857668a1f48e3262619f&pid=1-s2.0-S266691102400011X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disruption of functions of primary human neonatal melanocytes cultured in the presence of bisphenol A and its analogs bisphenol F and bisphenol S","authors":"Shilpi Goenka","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that humans are exposed to. In silico and zebrafish studies have linked BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure to pigmentation abnormalities, but no studies have examined their impact on primary human melanocytes. Herein, we examined the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure using human epidermal neonatal melanocytes. BPA induced the greatest cytotoxicity, followed by BPS, whereas BPF did not affect viability. BPA did not alter cellular melanin, whereas BPF and BPS diminished it at 100 µM. BPA decreased dendricity, as did BPF and BPS, although BPF was a potent suppressor of dendricity than BPS. BPA inhibited tyrosinase activity, followed by BPF, while BPS weakly suppressed tyrosinase activity. The tyrosinase activity was mostly recovered after the cessation of bisphenol treatments, although it remained lower for BPA and BPF. All bisphenols elevated cellular ROS production, although BPA and BPS showed non-monotonic dose responses. BPA and BPS augmented IL-6 cytokine secretion in melanocyte cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide, but BPF did not, suggesting that they exacerbate melanocyte inflammation. Collectively, these findings indicate BPA, BPF, and BPS, may impair melanocyte function and pose health hazards, warranting more study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911024000091/pdfft?md5=e225cae423ce1558a3edb81546e1d04a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911024000091-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kishore Kumar Jagadeesan , Harry Elliss , Richard Standerwick , Megan Robertson , Ruth Barden , Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
{"title":"Wastewater-based proteomics: A proof-of-concept for advancing early warning system for infectious diseases and immune response monitoring","authors":"Kishore Kumar Jagadeesan , Harry Elliss , Richard Standerwick , Megan Robertson , Ruth Barden , Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this proof-of-concept study, a new mass spectrometry-based framework was introduced for concurrent tracking of infectious disease prevalence and community responses. The study focused on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 as the test pathogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) as the representative acute phase response protein. Through mass spectrometry (MS), the research provided preliminary insights into the prevalence of the virus and community acute immune responses, suggesting its strong potential as an early warning system. The high specificity and sensitivity of MS, combined with wastewater-based epidemiology's ability to provide a population-level perspective on virus prevalence, make it a valuable tool for public health surveillance. The study's findings demonstrate the utility of targeted proteomics technology in detecting specific protein biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation in complex wastewater samples. This approach has advantages over traditional RNA-based methods, including the ability to simultaneously detect acute-phase response proteins such as CRP. The study lays the foundation for future research towards refining analytical techniques to extract more precise data from complex matrices.</p></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><p>WBE proteomics holds a strong potential in wastewater surveillance for pathogens and disease outcomes</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666911024000078/pdfft?md5=f1a9d50d6a20ae78ed953e83a174a1b7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666911024000078-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nannan Wan , Yu Liu , Xinghui Zhang , Zhaoyang Liu , Qiyu Wang , Shuai Liu , Miao Zhang , Bixian Mai
{"title":"Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in tissue and toilet paper from China","authors":"Nannan Wan , Yu Liu , Xinghui Zhang , Zhaoyang Liu , Qiyu Wang , Shuai Liu , Miao Zhang , Bixian Mai","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been found in toilet paper in Europe, the United States, and Africa; however, their presence in Chinese household paper has not been investigated. In this study, 21 legacy and 30 emerging PFASs were analyzed in tissue and toilet paper from China, including 48 samples of different origins and materials. Median concentrations of chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (Cl-PFESAs), hexafluoropropylene oxide homologs (HFPOs), and <em>p</em>-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) were 0.32, 0.19, and 0.10 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. The detection frequencies (DFs) of Cl-PFESAs and OBS both were greater than 96%, followed by hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TrA, DF: 85%). Notably, the level of HFPO-TrA in one sample was as high as 540 ng/g dw, indicating a potential environmental risk to humans. In addition, the concentrations of Cl-PFESAs in toilet paper were significantly higher than that in tissue (<em>p</em> < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of PFASs in tissue and toilet paper from different materials and origins. This suggests that PFASs, particularly emerging PFASs, are widely detected in tissue and toilet paper products across China, and their presence is a potential source of landfill contamination and human exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266691102400008X/pdfft?md5=c09cb73bcc04b9742f6bb2998617ca08&pid=1-s2.0-S266691102400008X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}