Journal of hazardous materials letters最新文献

{"title":"Micropellets of Pleurotus ostreatus for copper removal: Influence of nutritional conditions and laccase activity on adsorption","authors":"Dinay Eloisa Durán-Sequeda ,&nbsp;Aldo Ibarra-Rondón ,&nbsp;Pedro Fragoso-Castilla","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> has emerged as a promising model for heavy metal bioremediation. Given the known role of laccases in copper oxidation, it was hypothesized that higher laccase activity would correlate with increased copper removal. This study evaluated how the composition of the culture medium influences copper adsorption and its relationship with copper-induced laccase activity in this fungus. Fungal pellets were produced in two different media, and their morphological characteristics, laccase activity, and copper removal capacity were evaluated. The results show that, contrary to expectations, pellets with more complex morphology and higher laccase activity exhibited a maximum copper loading capacity approximately six-fold lower than those produced in media with lower laccase activity. Analysis of the pellets by SEM-EDX, FTIR, and confocal microscopy revealed some physicochemical differences. Pellets with higher copper loading capacity had higher fluorescence suggesting more cell wall polysaccharide content, but lower laccase activity. These results offer a possible link between copper removal and copper-induced laccase activity associated with compositional medium for fungal culture. This finding represents a novel approach to designing and optimizing fungal biotechnological solutions in heavy metal bioremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PFAS destruction using supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) at Peterson Space Force Base","authors":"Hallie Webb ,&nbsp;Stephen Rosansky ,&nbsp;Samer Mohamad Al-Dirani ,&nbsp;Kavitha Dasu ,&nbsp;Christopher G. Scheitlin ,&nbsp;Jeff Davis ,&nbsp;Leonardo Chiques","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become a top environmental concern for the military due to the prevalence of PFAS contamination from aqueous film-forming-foams (AFFFs) used to suppress fires in emergencies and training exercises. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has emerged as a promising technology for the removal and destruction of PFAS in aqueous media. This project used the SCWO-based PFAS Annihilator® at Peterson Space Force Base to treat unconcentrated, 50 %, and 79 % concentrated PFAS-contaminated water onsite and demonstrate the efficacy of the technology. This study analyzed target PFAS, total organofluorine, and non-PFAS contaminants removed by the SCWO system. Here, 94.3 % of target PFAS in the unconcentrated influent, 99.2 % in the 50 % concentrated influent, and 99.7 % in the 79 % concentrated influent were destroyed, while removing &gt; 95.5 % of total organofluorine, with limited byproducts in the aqueous and vapor effluent. The mass balance achieved 52–102 % fluoride recovery across the three concentrations. A novel cost assessment demonstrates improved economic efficiency with increasing influent concentration, suggesting that SCWO can efficiently remove and destroy PFAS from contaminated water to levels below regulatory requirements, solidifying itself as an innovative solution to PFAS contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic-induced phytotoxicity in Trigonella foenum-graecum and its regulation by thiol metabolism and ROS quenching enzymes","authors":"Javed Ahmad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Affan Baig ,&nbsp;Arlene Asthana Ali ,&nbsp;Md. Amjad Beg ,&nbsp;Asma A. Al-Huqail ,&nbsp;Faheema Khan ,&nbsp;Malik Zainul Abdin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Irfan Qureshi","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic contamination of soils and groundwater affects nearly 106 countries, exposing an estimated 230 million people worldwide to a range of health risks including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. It also poses significant risks to plants such as inhibited growth, reduced crop yields, and soil health degradation. This study investigates the arsenic (As)-induced changes in dynamics of proteome, sulfur metabolism, antioxidant enzymes and changes in stress tolerance mechanisms in <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> under different concentrations. Hydroponically grown 30-day-old plants were exposed to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µM As for 10 days. The results showed increased oxidative stress and reduced growth at higher As concentrations. Enzymes related to thiol metabolism, including ATP sulfurylase and serine acetyltransferase, were significantly upregulated at 50 and 100 µM As, alongside increased cysteine and glutathione content linked to the upregulation of S-deficiency-induced 2 isoform X2 protein. Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, CAT, GR, GPX, and GST) also exhibited enhanced activity. Proteomic analysis revealed 46 differentially expressed protein spots, including proteins involved in growth and photosynthesis, such as gibberellin 20-oxidase and RuBisCO. Defence proteins like trehalose phosphate phosphatase, calmodulin, and pectinesterase were upregulated, aiding stress tolerance. Sulfur metabolism proteins, such as glutathione S-transferase, were activated to counteract oxidative stress. Metallothioneins (MTs) were notably upregulated, contributing to arsenic detoxification. Transport proteins, including ABC transporters and ATP synthase beta subunits seems to play important roles in arsenic resistance. Additionally, proteins involved in protein degradation and redox balance, such as the RING finger protein and selenoprotein W1, supported the plant's adaptive response. These findings highlight the complex proteomic changes that enable <em>T. foenum-graecum</em> to tolerate arsenic stress and enhance its phytoremediation potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfotransferases in mediating the chlorophenol metabolism: Metabolites identification and metabolic characterization","authors":"Kai Yang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang qin ,&nbsp;RuoYong Jia ,&nbsp;Haoqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Gan ,&nbsp;Shao-You Lu ,&nbsp;Jian-Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhong-Ze Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely detected in the natural environment. Sulfotransferases are a group of crucial phase II metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. This research aims to identify the metabolite and characterize the specific isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Recombinant enzyme assays and chemical inhibitors were used to characterize the primary SULT isoforms involved in the sulfonation of each CP. Our findings indicated that mono-sulfonate was identified in each incubation system. SULT1A1 predominated the sulfonation of monochlorophenol (MCP), SULT1A1, SULT1B1, and SULT1E1 emerged as the pivotal SULT isoforms mediating the sulfonation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,4,5-TCP). Additionally, sulfonation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TECP), and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TECP) were primarily catalyzed by SULT1B1. Furthermore, SULT1B1 and SULT2A1 were the major isoforms involved in the sulfonation of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TECP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). These results provide important insights into the metabolic elimination and toxicity of CPs from a novel perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual approach using UV irradiation and subcritical water extraction for enhanced PLA waste degradation in a bioaugmented food composter","authors":"Christian Adi Pratama ,&nbsp;Avnish Nitin Mistry ,&nbsp;Saowaluk Krainara ,&nbsp;Patamavadee Treeson ,&nbsp;Nattapong Tuntiwiwattanapun ,&nbsp;Nichakorn Khondee ,&nbsp;Luthfia Dwi Rachmani ,&nbsp;Ekawan Luepromchai","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polylactic acid (PLA) ranks among the most extensively produced bioplastics, raising waste management concerns globally. This study explored dual pretreatment strategies, specifically photolysis by Ultraviolet-C (UVC) and hydrolysis by subcritical water extraction (SWE), for PLA waste treatment. UVC irradiation reduced the mechanical strength and viscosity average molecular weight (M<em>v</em>) of PLA, but the effects were more significant in thin PLA films than in thick PLA beverage cups. Thus, the PLA cups were selected for SWE treatment, which reduced their M<em>v</em> from 190,000 to 5300. The pulverized SWE-treated PLA was later used for inducing protease and esterase in PLA-degrading bacterial consortium EAc. This active inoculum was applied as a bioaugmentation agent in a food composter for degrading UVC-treated PLA cups with food waste. PLA weight loss in the bioaugmented food composter (42 %) after 56 days was greater than the naturally attenuated composter (1 %). The residual PLA in the final bioaugmented compost had a relatively smaller size and lower M<em>v</em> with prominent surface erosion. In addition, the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that the bioaugmentation promoted bacterial diversity and community interactions. Conclusively, PLA waste can be treated by UVC irradiation followed by composting with food waste using an active EAc inoculum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reusable thiophene-based fluorescent sensor for detection of toxic Au³ ⁺ in real samples: Integrated spectroscopic and computational insight","authors":"Hasher Irshad,&nbsp;Katrine Qvortrup","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold exhibits fascinating photophysical and photochemical properties, making it valuable in various applications, including catalysis, fluorescent porous materials, fluorophores and medicine. However, high concentrations (0.075 and 0.006 mg/L) in fresh water are toxic, posing a threat to human health. Therefore, convenient chemical sensors are required for Au³⁺ monitoring. In this study, we present a novel carbazole-extended thiophene-containing electron rich organic compound (<strong>CT</strong>) and studied its interaction with Au³⁺ along with a range of sulphur containing small organic molecules through fluorescence, UV <em>Vis.</em> and NMR spectroscopy. Strong interaction between <strong>CT</strong> and Au³⁺ was further evaluated via SEM and DFT studies. Mechanism of interaction between <strong>CT</strong> and Au³⁺ was proposed to be chelation enhancement quenching effect (CHEQ) and the strong interaction explained based on the hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) theory. Interference studies showed highly selective interaction of <strong>CT</strong> with Au³⁺ in diverse conditions which makes <strong>CT</strong> a very promising fluorescent sensor. Therefore, real samples were also analyzed for the trace detection of Au³⁺ and ultra-fast, reversible and quantitative detection of Au³⁺ was achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aftermath of a major firefighting foam spill in Brunswick, Maine: Spatiotemporal dynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the downstream surface waters","authors":"Macy Hannan ,&nbsp;Fatih Evrendilek ,&nbsp;Daniel Leclair ,&nbsp;Manisha Choudhary ,&nbsp;Kenneth Mensah ,&nbsp;Christoph Aeppli ,&nbsp;Arjun K. Venkatesan ,&nbsp;Onur G. Apul","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On August 19, 2024, 5,500 L of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-based aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) spilled into the watershed near Brunswick Executive Airport in Maine, USA. This study investigates the immediate impact of the largest PFAS spill in the state's history on nearby aquatic ecosystems. Over 11 days, PFAS were sampled from nine surface waters, detecting 18 PFAS, predominantly perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). A significant reduction in PFAS levels occurred within days due to clean-up efforts and natural attenuation (<em>e.g.</em>, dilution, adsorption, and aerosolization), in addition to downstream transport. Kruskal-Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests revealed significant spatial variability in PFAS, with PFOS, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, and perfluoroalkyloctanoic acid remaining elevated near the spill but declined by 99.9 % at the Harpswell Cove estuary 3.2 km south of the spill. The rapid PFAS spread poses risks to the downstream environments. This study provides insights into post-spill PFAS dynamics and highlights the urgency of minimizing PFAS-based AFFF use and spills, and further research into long-term ecosystem and human health risks associated with PFAS contamination.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>The aftermath of a major AFFF spill was analyzed to provide insights into immediate spatiotemporal distribution of PFAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design of CYP120A1 variants and eco-friendly alternatives for enhanced bioremediation of sulfonamide antibiotics","authors":"Miaomiao Li ,&nbsp;Xu Guan ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Yu ,&nbsp;Ledong Zhu ,&nbsp;Ruiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenxing Wang ,&nbsp;Qiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioremediation mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes represents an effective strategy for the removal of Sulfonamides (SAs). However, the inherent limitations in the thermostability and catalytic activity of wild-type enzymes result in suboptimal remediation efficiency. Therefore, the development of highly efficient degradative enzymes is crucial for mitigating SAs pollution. Additionally, identifying environmentally friendly alternatives with lower toxicity is beneficial for source control of SAs. This work adopts an integrated strategy that combines bioremediation and source control. Utilizing multiple computational strategies, we rationally designed and screened novel high-efficiency enzyme variants of CYP120A1 specifically targeting SAs degradation, and concurrently evaluated the molecular properties of pollutants to design new green alternatives. This study successfully identified 18 single-mutation enzyme candidates with enhanced thermostability and catalytic activity. Furthermore, we designed three green alternatives, SDZ-13, SDZ-19, and SDZ-27, which exhibit lower toxicity and significantly improved binding affinity with the degradative enzymes. However, accurate and rapid identification of mutation sites and practical application of eco-friendly molecular design remain significant challenges for future research. This work provides theoretical support for the development of efficient degradative enzymes and the design of sustainable alternative compounds, contributing to the advancement of emerging pollutants pollution control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric microplastics emission from municipal solid waste incineration power plant: Field evidence and characterizations","authors":"Ting Su ,&nbsp;Huasheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Gu ,&nbsp;Shuo Liu ,&nbsp;Yusu Xiong ,&nbsp;Shuang Deng ,&nbsp;Songgeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics have been discovered in the solid residuals from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant, posing potential risks to the surrounding environments. However, there exists a lack of evidence on the presence and characterizations of atmospheric microplastic emission from MSW incineration, which is considered more hazardous due to size reduction. Hence, we collected particles from flue gas emitted by a circulating fluidized bed incinerator, to investigate the morphology, chemical structure, and emission abundance of microplastics. Further, particles from different stream locations were collected to identify the effects of air pollution control devices on the microplastic abundance and chemical structures. Results indicate the predominant length of the microplastics in the flue gas ranged from 10 to 40 μm at different locations. The major polymer types of microplastics were polyvinyl chloride and polyacrylamide, resulting from inherent Cl elements and selective non-catalytic reduction in MSW, respectively. Based on the field data, the atmospheric microplastic emission was estimated at 2.1 × 10¹² pieces/yr, turned out to be a pivotal contributor to the atmospheric microplastics. Notably, the unique microplastic chemical properties pose a higher threat to human health than conventional plastics. Our work prioritizes an alternative source of microplastic emissions and calls for further research endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of nitrate and fluoride salts from stainless steel pickling wastewater with flow-electrode capacitive deionization","authors":"Niklas Köller ,&nbsp;Dustin Roedder ,&nbsp;Christian J. Linnartz ,&nbsp;Mark Enders ,&nbsp;Florian Morell ,&nbsp;Patrick Altmeier ,&nbsp;Matthias Wessling","doi":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazl.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow-electrode Capacitive Deionization (FCDI) is an innovative method for practical salt removal and recycling applications. Here, we report that FCDI facilitates the recovery of nitrate and fluoride salts from brines produced during the wastewater treatment process in a stainless steel pickling line. Laboratory-scale experiments with synthetic wastewaters were used to evaluate the influence of (a) the membrane thickness, (b) feed flow rates, and (c) applied voltage on the outlet concentrations and the average salt transfer rate. In continuous single-pass experiments, the flow rates of diluate and concentrate have the greatest influence on the resulting outlet concentrations in the FCDI process as they directly influence the residence time. The operating voltage of the FCDI process can be varied to increase the ratio of fluoride over nitrate for recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials letters","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}