IEEE journal of microwaves最新文献

{"title":"IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3479391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3479391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observing the Stratospheric Submillimeter Spectrum for Detecting Threats to the Ozone Layer","authors":"Joe W. Waters;Peter H. Siegel","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3479080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3479080","url":null,"abstract":"Stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth from solar ultraviolet radiation, but the ozone layer is fragile. The Antarctic ozone hole has shown that humankind's release of certain chemicals into the atmosphere can deplete ozone essentially completely in a region where the destruction process is operative. Early detection of a future threat, especially one that might operate on a global scale as severely as that now operating in a layer over Antarctica each October, is crucial. Globally observing the stratosphere submillimeter-wavelength spectrum can give early (potentially earliest-possible) detection of threats to the ozone layer. Hundreds of chemical species – including radicals that can reveal new destruction processes before they cause noticeable depletion of ozone – have submillimeter spectral lines that are detectable and measurable at abundances that can threaten ozone. Spectral lines are resolved at all stratospheric heights, providing definitive identification. Chemical species in all global regions and at all stratospheric heights can be measured each 24-hour period, both day and night, including in the presence of dense volcanic aerosol and ice clouds. New solid-state technology is available for the stratosphere submillimeter spectrum to be observed from satellite at wavelengths down to 0.1 mm by both passive and active limb sounding. Using this technology, we present a Submillimeter Observatory for the Stratosphere (SOS) concept. SOS economically combines the most valuable features of passive and active measurements: vertical profile measurements of passive and ultra-high sensitivity of active. Active and passive measurements are time-shared, the passive system is the receiver for the active, eliminating the need for a separate receiver satellite. Active measurement vertical resolution is obtained from the measured spectral line shape, eliminating the need for a constellation of satellites. Instruments operate at ambient temperature, eliminating the need for detector cooling. Projected SOS detectability is given for 455 chemical species. Active measurement daily 10° latitude zonal mean precisions with 2 m antenna are projected capable of detecting 440 species down to ∼10\u0000⁻¹²\u0000 relative abundances, and 220 species down to ∼10\u0000⁻¹⁵\u0000. Passive individual vertical profile measurements, made every 1.5° along the suborbital path with ∼2 km vertical resolution, have projected precision better than ∼10\u0000⁻⁹\u0000 relative abundance for 390 species. Passive daily 10° latitude zonal means with 5 km vertical resolution have projected precision capable of detecting 200 species down to ∼10\u0000⁻¹²\u0000. The fundamental limit on detectability is the stratosphere's spectral clutter floor. The practical limit is likely to be set by the ability to calibrate out instrumental spectral artifacts.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"791-835"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3479397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3479397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Microwaves in Climate Change","authors":"Peter H. Siegel","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3485474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3485474","url":null,"abstract":"<sc>IEEE Journal of Microwaves</small>\u0000 is extremely pleased to host this special topic, which was inspired by our editorial series article, “\u0000<italic>Making Waves: Microwaves in Climate Change,”</i>\u0000 released in July 2023. The papers included in this special issue cover a wide swath of topics that involve microwave techniques and instrumentation applied to problems related to climate change. These include energy use and distribution, atmospheric chemistry, meteorology, water resource management, pollution monitoring, power transfer, heating, energy reuse and efficiency, waste management and animal migration tracking. We hope that this special issue will bring additional scientists into the microwave publishing community and inspire more microwave engineers to seek out geophysicists, Earth scientists, environmentalists, climatologists, geochemical engineers, energy and power specialists, resource managers, and other technical experts who might benefit from the instrumentation, knowledge, and skillsets within our community.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"779-790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization-Based Design of Multi-Band Branch-Line Coupler With Arbitrary and Band-Distinct Power Division Ratios and Phase Differences","authors":"Abdullah J. Alazemi;Mohamed A. Koura","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3506603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3506603","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel optimization-based procedure for designing a multi-band branch-line coupler with arbitrary output power division ratios and phase differences that are distinct at each of arbitrarily-allocated design frequencies. The procedure aims to find the optimal parameters of the design that result in the best possible performance while maintaining the deviation from the desired specifications within a predefined tolerance level. This procedure uses the analytical S-parameters of the proposed coupler which are derived using even-odd mode analysis. A tri-band (1.5/2.4/4.2 GHz) and a quad-band (1.5/2.4/3.5/4.2 GHz) microstrip prototypes are developed using the proposed procedure to have band-distinct power division ratios and phase differences. For validation, both prototypes are simulated, fabricated, and measured. At all operating frequencies, the measured deviations from the desired power division ratios and phase differences are within 1 dB and 10<inline-formula><tex-math>$^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Also, the measured matching and isolation are <inline-formula><tex-math>$&lt; $</tex-math></inline-formula> −11 dB at all design frequencies. The achieved measurement results and the agreement between measured results and theoretical expectations demonstrate the applicability of the proposed design procedure in practice. The proposed coupler is a candidate for use in analogue multi-band multi-beam antenna arrays, and the proposed design procedure can be applied in designing other multi-band microwave devices.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"224-239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10799159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EM Wave-Based Hand Gesture Recognition for Astronauts Using 3D Memristive Neural Network","authors":"Shilpa Pavithran;Sruthi Pallathuvalappil;Elizabeth George;Javed G S;Alex James","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3506736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3506736","url":null,"abstract":"The astronauts' spacesuit helmet is generally fitted with a communications carrier assembly (CCA), which has a critical role in ensuring the safety of the astronauts by enabling clear communication during spacewalks. While on spacewalks, often hand gestures are used to communicate between crew members. In this paper, to automatically recognize the hand gestures, the classification of electromagnetic (EM) waves from a patch antenna placed on the hand of an astronaut is performed using a three-dimensional memristive Artificial Neural Network (3D-ANN). Performance characteristics of Ku-band microstrip patch antennas on glass, PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), and FR4 (Flame retardant-4) substrates are analyzed in this work. In the case of FR4 and glass substrate, copper is deposited as the patch, while graphene is deposited as the patch on the PET substrate. The work is proposed for the space suite of astronauts as an alternative for communications carrier assembly (CCA), and hence simulations and experiments are performed for standalone antenna, standalone antenna on Body model, ON-Body to ON-Body, and ON-Body to OFF-Body scenarios. Four hand gestures are performed and classified using a three-dimensional memristive Artificial Neural Network (3D-ANN) based on Skywater 130 nm PDK (SKY130) for the ON-body to OFF-body scenario with an accuracy of 80%. Variability analysis is also performed in the 3D-ANN classifier.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10799157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Printed Dual-Mode Invar Channel Filters for Ku-Band Satellite Payloads","authors":"Talal Skaik;Emelia Hayward;Abd EL-Moez A. Mohamed;Moataz M. Attallah;Lu Qian;César Miquel España;Paul Booth;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3509956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3509956","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an end-to-end process of realization of channel filters for output multiplexers (OMUX) in satellite payloads. The filters are designed at 11.609 GHz using dual-mode cylindrical resonators operating at TE113 degenerate modes. Two filters were fabricated from Invar alloy, making use of its low coefficient of thermal expansions (CTE) of 1-2 ppm/K, using powder bed fusion with laser beam (PBF-LB) process. The first filter, as a reference design for comparison purpose, is comprised of four pieces assembled using screws, while the second filter was printed monolithically as one part. The paper presents various design solutions to significantly reducing the filter weight. This includes hollowed flanges and reduced wall thickness, around 0.5 mm, and using waffle structure with reinforcing ribs. The monolithic printed filter offers a weight reduction of 65% compared to the four-piece filter. Post processing techniques including vibratory grinding polishing and silver plating were applied. Both filters were tuned using tuning screws and the measurements are in good agreement with the simulated results. The RF-thermal measurements showed negligible frequency shift confirming the temperature stability for high-power operation in satellite environment.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"170-179"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10799161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Mode-Division Multiplexed Half-Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Link With Three Independent Data Channels","authors":"Mohamed Elsawaf;Constantine Sideris","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3506285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3506285","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a three-channel half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW) link. The link achieves three independent channels by stacking two HMSIWs vertically, with one of them utilizing both the fundamental and the first higher-order modes (<inline-formula><tex-math>$TE_{0.50}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$TE_{1.50}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). Methods for selective excitation of both modes with good overall cross-modal isolation are introduced and presented. Furthermore, real-time eye-diagram measurements of the link using a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) and on-off keying (OOK) modulation are presented in addition to a full MATLAB simulation model of the link showing its performance under quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The measured 10-dB return loss (RL) BW of the channels are more than 4 GHz (12–16 GHz) for the <inline-formula><tex-math>$TE_{0.50}$</tex-math></inline-formula> modes along the two HMSIWs, and 3.6 GHz of the first higher-order mode <inline-formula><tex-math>$TE_{1.50}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (12.1–15.7 GHz), corresponding to a concurrent bandwidth of 3.6 GHz with more than 15 dB of isolation between the channels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a three-channel link using HMSIWs. The structure is fabricated and measurements agree well with the electromagnetic simulations.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10795442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power-Efficient Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) for Batteryless IoT Devices Using a Co-Designed Rectifying Metantenna","authors":"Ping Lu;Linkai Luo;Linjie Yang;Ce Wang;Cheng Zhang;Chaoyun Song;Kama Huang;Yi Huang","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3494056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3494056","url":null,"abstract":"A novel co-designing strategy is presented for an integrated rectifying metantenna, which combines rectification, absorption and electromagnetic signal reception functionalities for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The metasurface is constructed using periodic patch units arranged in front of a compact microstrip antenna. This arrangement effectively stimulates transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) surface waves, which ensures not only high gain but also optimal antenna matching. Furthermore, the metasurface incorporates rectifier diodes distributed partially, significantly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. The proposed rectifying metantenna operates at 5.8 GHz (an ISM band) and achieves a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 54.6% when subjected to an input power of 0 dBm. This accomplishment is particularly noteworthy when the metantenna is integrated into devices for data communication. The proposed rectifying metantenna boasts a range of merits including high integration and multifunctionality. These inherent attributes position it as a promising candidate for advanced IoT wireless communication systems, facilitating the generation of rectified DC power while receiving RF signals without the need for power splitter and time-switching used in conventional SWIPT systems.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10783030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel Microwave Powered Method for Reducing Moisture and Microbes for Mitigating Public and Environmental Health Risks","authors":"Aditya Pandey;Omeed Momeni;Pramod Pandey","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3492166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3492166","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling of animal manure and its uses as a fertilizer for crop growth could meet increasing demand of nutrients including phosphorous and nitrogen. However, one of the major issues with manure application is the presence of pathogenic bacteria in manure and associated risks to food, and public health. Further, manure-borne bacteria causes greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the presence of moisture under anaerobic conditions, and recently a substantial emphasis is given to advance manure management for mitigating GHG emissions and associated environmental and climate effects. The application of microwave technology could play a crucial role in mitigating these risk conditions, and improve livestock waste management and its application. In this research, a novel microwave powered method for treating dairy manure was developed and a series of experiments were undertaken to understand to what extent microbes including pathogenic organisms such as \u0000<italic>E. coli</i>\u0000 and moisture in manure can be controlled to determine the adequate conditions that potentially reduce the methane emissions, and protects public and environmental health. We found that microwave based treatment technology is capable of inactivating dairy manure-borne bacteria, and moisture rapidly, which are potentially responsible for biological methane emissions and microbial risks to food, and public health. Results suggest that a limited time (< 5 min) exposure to microwave can eliminate pathogen indicator such as \u0000<italic>E. coli</i>\u0000 from manure, and reduces microbial activities and regrowth of microbes. These results indicate that the capacity of microwave to generate heat and eliminate microbes could control the unwanted bacteria and excess moisture in manure rapidly, and reduce public and environmental health risks.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"1009-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10767697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}