IEEE journal of microwaves最新文献_第4页

Contactless Glucose Sensing Using Miniature mm-Wave Radar and Tiny Machine Learning

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3518757

Reza Nikandish;Caroline Sheedy;Jiayu He;Ruth Crowe;Deeksha Rao

{"title":"Contactless Glucose Sensing Using Miniature mm-Wave Radar and Tiny Machine Learning","authors":"Reza Nikandish;Caroline Sheedy;Jiayu He;Ruth Crowe;Deeksha Rao","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3518757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3518757","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present a contactless glucose sensing system called GlucoRadar, which leverages a miniature low-power mm-wave radar for data collection, data augmentation to boost the training data, and tiny machine learning (TinyML) for the classification of glucose concentration. The frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar operates in the 60 GHz band and comprises one transmitter (TX) and three receiver (RX) channels (1TX–3RX). The radar detects features of glucose aqueous solutions at a distance of 4.8 cm. The data collected by the radar is processed, and multiple features based on the peak magnitude of the spectrum and signal energy are extracted. Data augmentation is applied by adding random noise to generate additional synthetic training data. A tiny convolutional neural network (CNN) is developed to classify 16 classes of glucose concentrations in the range of 50–200 mg/dL with a fine resolution of 10 mg/dL. The tiny CNN achieves a classification accuracy of 91.4%, comprises 153,074 parameters, and occupies 598 kB of memory, making it suitable for implementation on a commercial microcontroller unit (MCU). The developed system, evaluated using in vitro tests, is promising for future wearable electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 2","pages":"281-290"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10819300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Millimeter-Wave Retrodirective Wireless Power Transfer Applicable to Small Electronic Devices

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3518555

Sooyoung Oh;Do Hyeon Kim;Wonwoo Lee;Junhyuk Yang;Changkun Park;Hojin Lee;Sun K. Hong

{"title":"Millimeter-Wave Retrodirective Wireless Power Transfer Applicable to Small Electronic Devices","authors":"Sooyoung Oh;Do Hyeon Kim;Wonwoo Lee;Junhyuk Yang;Changkun Park;Hojin Lee;Sun K. Hong","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3518555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3518555","url":null,"abstract":"With the recent surge in popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT), there also has been a notable increase in research on wirelessly charging IoT enabled electronic devices. Millimeter-wave retrodirective power beaming has recently emerged as a suitable candidate for wirelessly charging small electronic devices. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a millimeter-wave power beaming concept applicable to IoT ecosystem. The proposed system incorporates a Rotman lens retrodirective beamformer as a Tx unit. To demonstrate the retrodirective power beaming, a Rotman lens beamformer on a waveguide platform is designed to operate at Ka-band. The proposed Rotman lens operates with seven beam ports capable of radiating seven beams within <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>30° steering range. On the receiving end, a rectenna consisting of a patch array and rectifier is designed. We then conducted an end-to-end power beaming experiment as proof of concept, where the results demonstrate the capability of the proposed system as a retrodirective millimeter-wave power beaming system.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 2","pages":"322-332"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10819290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at $10 ,mathrm{GHz}$ 基于液晶和P-I-N二极管的混合鱼网超材料用于可重构发射阵列，$10 ,mathrm{GHz}$

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3518772

Adrian Diepolder;Lukas Schmidt;Susanne Brandl;Philipp Hinz;Christian Waldschmidt;Christian Damm

{"title":"Hybrid Fishnet Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal and P-I-N Diodes for Reconfigurable Transmitarrays at $10 ,mathrm{GHz}$","authors":"Adrian Diepolder;Lukas Schmidt;Susanne Brandl;Philipp Hinz;Christian Waldschmidt;Christian Damm","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3518772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3518772","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a reconfigurable unit cell for transmitarrays at <inline-formula><tex-math>$10 ,mathrm{GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> based on the fishnet metamaterial structure. The proposed design achieves a phase shift of up to <inline-formula><tex-math>$180 mathrm{^{circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> between different states and additional tunability in each phase state by switching the electric response using p-i-n diodes and simultaneously tuning the magnetic response by employing liquid crystal. Thus, it offers the potential to overcome the limitations of switchable unit cells with few discrete phase states in terms of achievable antenna gain and side lobe level. With an insertion loss of <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.8$</tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula><tex-math>$2.5 ,mathrm{dB}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in combination with its high phase tunability it exhibits much higher performance than designs using only liquid crystal. A lumped-element model for prediction of the unit cell behavior is proposed, allowing to reduce the number of full-wave simulations during performance analysis. The biasing network for the liquid crystal is designed for integration in an active-matrix configuration, greatly reducing the complexity of the control circuit. To verify the proposed design, a single unit cell prototype is manufactured and measured inside a waveguide simulator, demonstrating good agreement with full-wave simulations.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10817118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terahertz Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of 3D Chiral Metallic Microstructures Fabricated Using High Precision CNC Machining 高精度数控加工制备三维手性金属微结构的太赫兹圆二色光谱

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3507188

Atsushi Ouchi;Saroj R. Tripathi

{"title":"Terahertz Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of 3D Chiral Metallic Microstructures Fabricated Using High Precision CNC Machining","authors":"Atsushi Ouchi;Saroj R. Tripathi","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3507188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3507188","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in terahertz wave applications for sensing, imaging, and high-speed communication have spurred a substantial demand for low-cost, easily accessible optical components capable of manipulating terahertz wave polarization. In this study, terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopic measurements of micrometer-sized metallic chiral helix arrays, fabricated using computer numerical control (CNC) machining, are presented. Experimental results demonstrate a giant circular dichroism of ±0.6 in an axial mode of operation for left- and right-handed arrays within a sub-terahertz frequency range. The helix array converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light from 120 GHz to 200 GHz, with a 3 dB axial ratio relative bandwidth approaching 50%. The polarization extinction ratio is in excess of 20 dB. These outstanding features, combined with their low cost, high accessibility, as well as their potential for mass production, pave the way for development of diverse range of optical components such as polarizers, filters, absorbers, and isolators operating in the terahertz frequency region.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10815599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital Pre-Distortion to Reduce Ringing in a Pulse Sharpening Non-Linear Transmission Line 减少脉冲锐化非线性传输线振铃的数字预失真

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3512368

Stephen Pancrazio;Tyler Kelley;Sam Wagner;Nhat Tran;Ababil Hossain;Anh-Vu Pham

引用次数: 0

Tunable Bandpass Filters With Co-Integrated Isolator and Switching-Off Functionality 可调谐带通滤波器与协集成隔离和关闭功能

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3512375

Kexin Li;Dimitra Psychogiou

{"title":"Tunable Bandpass Filters With Co-Integrated Isolator and Switching-Off Functionality","authors":"Kexin Li;Dimitra Psychogiou","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3512375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3512375","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on a new type of multi-functional bandpass filtering (BPF) architecture with center frequency tunability, switching-off, and isolator functionality. The proposed filter, isolator, and switch (FIS) combines frequency-tunable passive resonators with unilateral frequency-selective stages (UFSs) to achieve tunable, fully-directional, quasi-elliptic transfer functions. The UFS, consists of a transistor-based path and a tunable feedback network, enabling frequency-selective transmission in the forward direction, RF signal cancellation in the reverse direction, and reconfigurability in terms of center frequency and intrinsic switching-off. It is demonstrated that by cascading UFSs and tunable resonators, highly selective frequency-tunable FISs can be developed. The proposed FIS also offers a reconfigurable switch-off mode capability with high isolation that is obtained by adjusting transmission zeros and reconfiguring the UFSs. In this paper, two types of UFSs are analyzed using circuit schematic simulations and coupling routing diagram (CRD)-based synthesis. Scalability to high-order transfer functions is also demonstrated by CRD-synthesized examples, design examples and manufactured prototypes. For experimental validation, two tunable UFSs and four tunable FISs were manufactured and measured at the L band.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"190-206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10811760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring 用于可穿戴设备和远程监控的基于电纺织的柔性电磁皮肤

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3504846

Rossella Rizzo;Giuseppe Ruello;Rita Massa;Maxim Zhadobov;Giulia Sacco

{"title":"Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring","authors":"Rossella Rizzo;Giuseppe Ruello;Rita Massa;Maxim Zhadobov;Giulia Sacco","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3504846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3504846","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a flexible electrotextile-based solid skin-equivalent phantom operating in the millimeter-wave (mmW) range. The phantom reproduces the reflection coefficient at the air/skin interface in the 55–65 GHz band. It is composed of a layer of carbon powder mixed with silicone and backed with an electrotextile. Its thickness is optimized to approach the target reflection coefficient of the human skin. For the angles of incidence from <inline-formula><tex-math>$0 ^{circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math>$60 ^{circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> the maximum relative error in respect to the target value is <inline-formula><tex-math>$2.6%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the magnitude and <inline-formula><tex-math>$13%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the phase when considering impinging transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized plane wave. To experimentally validate the phantom, its scattering properties are measured in the 55–65 GHz range using a free-space transmission/reflection system. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is demonstrated, exhibiting a relative error within <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.9 %$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the magnitude of the reflection coefficient in the 55–65 GHz range at normal incidence. Such phantoms may be used in a wide range of body-centric mmW applications, including remote sensing and medical applications.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10807461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test 一种异构集成256元5G相控阵：设计、组装与测试

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3497982

Bodhisatwa Sadhu;Arun Paidimarri;Atom O. Watanabe;Duixian Liu;Xiaoxiong Gu;Christian W. Baks;Yujiro Tojo;Yoshiharu Fujisaku;Isabel De Sousa;Yo Yamaguichi;Ning Guan;Alberto Valdes-Garcia

{"title":"A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test","authors":"Bodhisatwa Sadhu;Arun Paidimarri;Atom O. Watanabe;Duixian Liu;Xiaoxiong Gu;Christian W. Baks;Yujiro Tojo;Yoshiharu Fujisaku;Isabel De Sousa;Yo Yamaguichi;Ning Guan;Alberto Valdes-Garcia","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3497982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3497982","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the design, assembly, and test of a heterogeneously integrated dual-polarized 256-element 5G phased array covering 24<inline-formula><tex-math>$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula>30 GHz. The design is based on a 64-element antenna-in-package tile designed using an organic substrate. This work represents one of the earliest examples of a heterogeneously integrated mmWave phased array module where each tile uses chips in three different substrate technologies to perform beamforming, frequency conversion, filtering, combining/splitting, and supply decoupling functions. The paper discusses the several challenges and system trade-offs for 5G mmWave phased arrays and illustrates the advantages of heterogeneous integration at the antenna-in-package level. The paper also covers, in detail, several practical aspects of phased array module design that are not well-described in existing literature, such as power domain modeling, module assembly, antenna feedline design, polarization isolation, and tile spacing. To demonstrate the efficacy of our design choices and techniques, we present exhaustive <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm 360^circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> over-the-air beam characterization of the phased array antenna module demonstrating beam scanning over <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm 70^circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and very low cross-polarization leakage in E-/H-planes in both polarizations and in both TX and RX modes.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"68-83"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10806591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging Mutual Coupling in Antenna-Amplifier Systems for Increased Reconfigurability 利用天线放大器系统中的互耦合提高可重构性

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3499317

Jaanus Kalde;Veli-Pekka Kutinlahti;Anu Lehtovuori;Alvo Aabloo;Ville Viikari

引用次数: 0

IEEE Journal of Microwaves Information for Authors IEEE微波信息作者杂志

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3479395

引用次数: 0