IEEE journal of microwaves最新文献_第4页

Multibeam Beamforming Technology in Microwave Power Transfer and Harvesting 微波功率传输与收获中的多波束成形技术

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3575342

Fábio Silva;Pedro Pinho;Nuno Borges Carvalho

{"title":"Multibeam Beamforming Technology in Microwave Power Transfer and Harvesting","authors":"Fábio Silva;Pedro Pinho;Nuno Borges Carvalho","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3575342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3575342","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the need to power devices wirelessly, a process called Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), to avoid the usage of batteries, which present limited lifespans. In particular, Microwave Power Transfer (MPT), both Near-field (NF) and Far-field (FF), use Electromagnetic (EM) waves to transfer power between two points. However, these systems still present some downsides, mainly efficiency-wise. This paper explores the usage of Multibeam Antennas (MBAs), specifically Beamforming Network (BFN)-based ones, to improve the capabilities of traditional MPT and Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) systems. The paper starts by introducing the usage of MPT in IoT applications and how MBAs could help solve some of them or at least mitigate them. Afterward, a general explanation of the typical MBAs architectures, including Passive Multibeam Antennas (PMBAs), Multibeam Phased-Array Antennas (MBPAAs), and Digital Multibeam Antennas (DMBAs) is presented, along with their advantages, drawbacks, and some emerging trends. After introducing the typical architectures of MBAs, a comprehensive literature survey is done around rectennas and MPT Transmitters (TXs). This approach allows us to understand better why some architectures are more present than others in both applications, highlighting the exclusive usage of PMBAs in rectennas due to them not using energy. To finalize the paper, using the literature survey done, some challenges associated with integrating MBAs in MPT and RFEH are presented, along with some works presenting ways to mitigate them.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 4","pages":"918-938"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11037249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

UAV-Based SAR-Imaging of Objects From Arbitrary Trajectories Using Weighted Backprojection 基于无人机的任意轨迹目标加权反投影sar成像

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3575157

Alexander Grathwohl;Julian Kanz;Christina Bonfert;Christian Waldschmidt

{"title":"UAV-Based SAR-Imaging of Objects From Arbitrary Trajectories Using Weighted Backprojection","authors":"Alexander Grathwohl;Julian Kanz;Christina Bonfert;Christian Waldschmidt","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3575157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3575157","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radars (SARs) based on uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are advantageous in comparison to existing airborne systems. Apart from cost, their main advantage is the flexibility of their flight path. It can be optimized specifically for every application, which is not possible to this extent with other airborne systems. Both the distance between radar and targets as well as the viewing angle of the radar change significantly during flight. A common imaging algorithm for close-range and nonlinear flightpaths is therefore backprojection (BP), since it respects the nonlinear flightpath. The remaining effects, e.g. caused by changes in elevation or squint angle, are then commonly compensated for with the goal of consistent image brightness as well as low sidelobes. In this work, a weighted BP for UAV-based imaging of objects is proposed. The presented method assumes a horizontal ground surface with approximately constant properties over the imaging area. A full system model is introduced, including system effects as well as geometric effects and properties of the ground surface. Based on this model, the expected signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) of any point target in a single measurement can be predicted. This allows weighting of the contributions with the goal of maximizing target contrast in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. Using UAV-based SAR measurements, it is shown that significant improvements in imaging quality can be achieved by employing the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 4","pages":"856-867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11037639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Penetrating Barriers: Microwave-Based Remote Sensing and Reconstruction of Audio Signals Through Walls 穿透屏障：微波遥感与穿墙音频信号重建

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3570615

Kobi Aflalo;Zeev Zalevsky

{"title":"Penetrating Barriers: Microwave-Based Remote Sensing and Reconstruction of Audio Signals Through Walls","authors":"Kobi Aflalo;Zeev Zalevsky","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3570615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3570615","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigate the remote detection and reconstruction of audio signals using Radio Frequency (RF) emissions, focusing on the implications for eavesdropping detection and prevention. Utilizing the widely used 2.4 GHz continuous wave microwave radiation directed at a speaker membrane, we successfully reassembled human speech and music signals, demonstrating the feasibility of audio reconstruction in real-world scenarios. A series of denoising techniques, including Robust locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS), Moving Median, and Wavelet Denoising, were evaluated for their effectiveness in enhancing signal quality, with performance metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE) and signal-to-noise ratio SNR employed for comparison. Our findings reveal that Wavelet denoising outperforms other methods in preserving the integrity of speech signals, while also highlighting the challenges posed by background noise and interference. Additionally, we present mathematical models to estimate the maximum detectable distance based on SNR, providing a framework for understanding the limitations and capabilities of the reconstruction process. This research contributes to the field of audio signal processing and has significant implications for security applications, emphasizing the need for tailored denoising strategies in varying environments or barriers.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 4","pages":"804-828"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11030840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Advanced Method for Precise ULA SIMO Radar Calibration Utilizing Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Artifacts 一种基于合成孔径雷达成像伪影的ULA SIMO雷达精密标定方法

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3569103

Michael Braunwarth;Johanna Geiss;Erik Sippel;Martin Vossiek

{"title":"An Advanced Method for Precise ULA SIMO Radar Calibration Utilizing Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Artifacts","authors":"Michael Braunwarth;Johanna Geiss;Erik Sippel;Martin Vossiek","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3569103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3569103","url":null,"abstract":"Radar calibration has always been essential for compensating unavoidable manufacturing inaccuracies, component variations, or aging effects in multichannel radar systems. The demand for high-resolution radars, particularly in automotive applications, necessitates increasing carrier frequencies, bandwidths, synthetic apertures, and channel counts, imposing exceptionally high calibration requirements. Conventional calibration methods often rely on expensive positioning systems and large-scale anechoic chambers, yet offer only limited calibration accuracy. This publication presents a novel calibration method that achieves exceptionally high accuracy for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) radars with uniform linear arrays (ULAs) by estimating amplitude and phase deviations as well as mutual coupling between the channels. The proposed method leverages the established theory of accumulating channel imbalances in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing, enabling the isolation of error power from the desired signal and noise within the image. The applied optimization minimizes only at deterministic artifact locations, which enhances the optimization sensitivity and improves calibration precision, while reducing the computational complexity. The proposed approach demonstrates high performance by calibrating an antenna array with eight elements in a 77 GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave SIMO radar. The resulting calibration quality is validated in a test scene, demonstrating significantly reduced artifacts within the generated image compared to the uncalibrated array.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 4","pages":"892-906"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11023546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computationally Efficient Design of an LNA Input Matching Network Using Automatic Differentiation 基于自动微分的LNA输入匹配网络的高效计算设计

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3568779

Kiran A. Shila

引用次数: 0

Ultra-Wideband Silicon Plasma Switches 超宽带硅等离子体开关

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3559499

Alden Fisher;Thomas R. Jones;Dimitrios Peroulis

{"title":"Ultra-Wideband Silicon Plasma Switches","authors":"Alden Fisher;Thomas R. Jones;Dimitrios Peroulis","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3559499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3559499","url":null,"abstract":"The design, optimization, and characterization of an ultra-wideband solid-state plasma shunt switch with state-of-the-art performance is presented, achieving up to 5× reduction in dc power consumption, 4× faster switching speeds, and 2× smaller footprint compared to prior work. The switch is realized by patterning a coplanar waveguide transmission line on a high-resistivity silicon substrate and illuminating the gaps with up to three fibers, creating a highly efficient shunt switch. For efficient power consumption, multiple bias fibers are incorporated to distribute the light avoiding photoconductive saturation. Furthermore, to enhance agility, silicon micromachining is employed, achieving single-digit microsecond switching times under 2.75 µs, the fastest ever recorded for this technology. The result is an ultra-wideband dc-110+ GHz shunt switch with less than 0.81 dB insertion loss and up to 71 dB isolation. This is accomplished with a straightforward manufacturing process in a compact footprint of less than 0.057 mm<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, paving the way for seamless technology integration. Lastly, highly accurate wideband co-simulations for solid-state plasma modeling are discussed and validated against measurements, underscoring the superior performance and reliability of this disruptive technology.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 3","pages":"677-686"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10979296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL 基于Doherty空间组合技术和局部子采样锁相环的28ghz相控阵发射机

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3560226

Itamar Melamed;Avraham Sayag;Emanuel Cohen

{"title":"A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL","authors":"Itamar Melamed;Avraham Sayag;Emanuel Cohen","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3560226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3560226","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 28 GHz integrated phased-array transmitter, utilizing an over-the-air (OTA) combining technique for power efficiency boosting and a local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. Efficiency boosting is achieved by decomposing the baseband signal into two streams, one with a reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the other consisting of the low-occurrence peak residuals. Compared to uniformly excited linear phased array (UELA), the efficiency improvement is by 40<inline-formula><tex-math>$%$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The two streams are up-converted and transmitted through the radio-frequency (RF) chains, each optimized for the corresponding output power, and recombined OTA to reconstruct the original signal. Each chain contains a power-optimized sub-sampling phase-locked loop (SSPLL) that accounts for the phase shift and achieves a better than 1<inline-formula><tex-math>$^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> phase resolution. We implemented the four TX chains on a standard 65 nm bulk-CMOS process, achieving a system efficiency of 7.6<inline-formula><tex-math>$%$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 21 dBm equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), with an error vector magnitude (EVM) of −31 dB.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 3","pages":"687-701"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10979290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Verification of a Massive MIMO Channel Emulator for 5G/6G System Performance Testing 用于5G/6G系统性能测试的大规模MIMO信道仿真器的设计与验证

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3557566

Jianghong Xie;Zhengbo Jiang;Jingxin Liu;Jiacheng Yu;Siheng Luo;Chong Guo;Zhang-Cheng Hao;Wei Hong

{"title":"Design and Verification of a Massive MIMO Channel Emulator for 5G/6G System Performance Testing","authors":"Jianghong Xie;Zhengbo Jiang;Jingxin Liu;Jiacheng Yu;Siheng Luo;Chong Guo;Zhang-Cheng Hao;Wei Hong","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3557566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3557566","url":null,"abstract":"Channel emulator plays an essential role in 5G and 6G communication by enabling the reconstruction of wireless channels in a controlled laboratory environment. A novel massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel emulator is presented in this paper for future communication. The proposed channel emulator operates at 0.4–6 GHz with 200 MHz bandwidth, consisting of an 80-channel transceiver, a local oscillator (LO) unit with forty independent and one common LO, a reference unit, a digital baseband unit, and a master control unit. The emulator demonstrates excellent RF performance, achieving a phase coherence of ±2° and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 0.65% when utilizing the common LO configuration. The path loss, modeled as a large-scale channel model, is tested at the RF level and showed strong agreement with simulation results, validating the accuracy of the channel emulation. Additionally, the end-to-end system throughput rate performance is evaluated, further confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed 80-channel MIMO channel emulator for future wireless communication applications.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 3","pages":"640-653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10979297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovations and Challenges in RF Antenna Technologies for Implantable Medical Devices Communication 植入式医疗设备通信射频天线技术的创新与挑战

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3555480

Mohamed Benaissa;Abdelhalim Chaabane;Hussein Attia;Ibraheem Al-Naib

{"title":"Innovations and Challenges in RF Antenna Technologies for Implantable Medical Devices Communication","authors":"Mohamed Benaissa;Abdelhalim Chaabane;Hussein Attia;Ibraheem Al-Naib","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3555480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3555480","url":null,"abstract":"Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are essential for life-saving healthcare advancements worldwide, enabling wireless remote monitoring capabilities. These capabilities include telemetry, wireless power transfer (WPT), and data communication. Modern active IMDs rely on robust wireless communication systems to transmit essential data, such as physiological information, diagnostic details, and parameters critical for optimizing therapies, both externally and among implantable subsystems. Fundamental communication techniques include optical, radiofrequency (RF), and ultrasonic. Achieving effective IMD communication through biological tissue requires careful consideration of the transmission modality to ensure safety and seamless integration with external systems. This paper examines the most widely adopted communication modalities, drawing insights from 56 research studies published over the past six years, with a particular emphasis on RF technology, which is favored for wireless IMDs due to recent progress in implantable antenna designs and WPT. These technological advancements have led to the development of compact, high-performance antennas that reduce interference, save power, and enable high-speed data transmission rates, establishing RF as the preferred modality for reliable and seamless communication in IMDs and opening up exciting possibilities for the future of healthcare technology.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 3","pages":"526-542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10978852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Channel Count and Array Sparsity on the Detection Performance of 4D Imaging Radars 通道数和阵列稀疏度对四维成像雷达探测性能的影响

IF 6.9

IEEE journal of microwaves Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3560661

Dominik Schwarz;Matthias Linder;Veronika Kienle;Nico Riese;Christian Waldschmidt

{"title":"Influence of Channel Count and Array Sparsity on the Detection Performance of 4D Imaging Radars","authors":"Dominik Schwarz;Matthias Linder;Veronika Kienle;Nico Riese;Christian Waldschmidt","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3560661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3560661","url":null,"abstract":"Separability, detection capability, and height estimation performance are key measures of high performance 4D imaging radars. While many different sensors have been presented in recent years, no sensor-independent comparison of the performance achievable with differing array realizations was given. Therefore, in this work in total 113 sub-arrays of one large uniform rectangular array are analyzed. Measurements of real-world scenarios are performed with a high-resolution 4D imaging radar system with 1728 virtual channels on the static edge case to assess the performance in the angular domain. Regarding the above-mentioned performance criteria, three main conclusions can be derived from the performed analysis: Although the angular resolution depends on the array size, the separation capability of objects with small radar cross section from stronger ones depends on the channel count and not the aperture size. In scenarios with many targets located in the mid-range of the sensor, the detection capability increases at a constant channel count for smaller arrays with a lower sparsity in contrast to larger ones with less channels. Hereby, increasing the fill factor while keeping the aperture size constant is more beneficial to the performance than increasing the aperture size while keeping the fill factor constant.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 3","pages":"616-630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10979294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0