John M. Willis;Arnaldo J. Sans;Kefayet Ullah;Satheesh Bojja Venkatakrishnan;John L. Volakis
{"title":"High-Resolution, Low Probability of Detection Links Through SDRs","authors":"John M. Willis;Arnaldo J. Sans;Kefayet Ullah;Satheesh Bojja Venkatakrishnan;John L. Volakis","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3523237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3523237","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and implementation of a low probability of detection (LPD) communication link using a software-defined radio (SDR) platform. The proposed LPD link was tested in an indoor environment using an over-the-air (OTA) network. The transmitter and receiver communicate asynchronously and perform real-time modulation and demodulation. Importantly, the transmitter software minimizes memory usage, operational cost, and computationally-costly resampling is avoided. The receiver software acquires and tracks the transmitted waveform using parallel processing for speed, and uses multiple-layers for error detection to reduce computational resources. Further, the receiver's acquisition and tracking operations were profiled, and bottlenecks were removed by replacing slow calculations and algorithms to achieve faster sampling rates. This novel software design achieves significantly faster sampling rates, on the order of six times as compared to similar research. As a result, wider bandwidths and longer spreading codes are achieved to increase LPD characteristics. The asynchronous operation expands the system's usability to areas that are denied, degraded, or contested.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 2","pages":"333-343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10854810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Journal of Microwaves Vol. 4","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3527727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3527727","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Mushtaq;Thomas Mausolf;Wolfgang Miesch;Nasir Uddin;Wolfgang Winkler;Dietmar Kissinger
{"title":"TX to RX Compact Leakage Cancellation Impedance Tuner for 60 GHz Monostatic Doppler Radar","authors":"Ahmad Mushtaq;Thomas Mausolf;Wolfgang Miesch;Nasir Uddin;Wolfgang Winkler;Dietmar Kissinger","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3516476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3516476","url":null,"abstract":"Monostatic radar shares a single antenna between the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) and offers an advantage of the reduced sensor size. However, due to the limited isolation of the coupler, the TX signal leaking into the RX significantly degrades the performance of the monostatic doppler radar. This paper presents the design of an ultra-compact impedance tuner (IT) which is connected to the lumped Rat-Race coupler to minimize the TX to RX leakage signal. The IT offers 5-bit phase control and 8-bit magnitude control via the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI); moreover, it uses SiGe transistors in reverse saturation to enhance the impedance tuning performance. The size of the IT is only 0.04 mm<sup>2</sup> and its power consumption is 4 mW at 3.3V power supply. A two-channel 60 GHz monostatic doppler phased array radar chip has been designed and fabricated in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for vital signs monitoring application. The measured TX to RX isolation due to the Rat-Race coupler is 22 dB; moreover, IT provides the additional isolation of 27 dB, giving total TX to RX isolation of 49 dB at 60 GHz. The design, simulation and measurements of the IT and its measured leakage cancellation performance is reported in this paper.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"84-95"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave Pioneers: Mau-Chung Frank Chang, “The Power of Connections”","authors":"Peter H. Siegel","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3504332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3504332","url":null,"abstract":"We are pleased to pick up this continuing series on individuals within our community who have made significant impacts in the field of microwaves, and to the world, over the course of their careers. This issue's <italic>Microwave Pioneer</i> article is about Mau-Chung Frank Chang, who perhaps more than anyone else, is responsible for the widespread commercial use of the heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). Professor Chang is also an example of a researcher who very successfully crossed over from industry to academia and from research to management and back, having spent time in charge of a large team of commercial semiconductor fabrication engineers and as President of a major academic university. Throughout his very varied career, he always emphasized two things: the first he attributes to his mother's teaching - the great power of connecting individuals together to solve problems rather than trying to lead them to a solution, and the second – which is all his own – the fortitude to take on and stick with challenges that seemed daunting to others. We think you will benefit from hearing Frank's story and in getting to know him on a more personal level.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the January 2025 Issue","authors":"Peter H. Siegel","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3518209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3518209","url":null,"abstract":"As we begin our fifth year of publication, we are moving into phase two of our mission to create a stand-alone, high-quality, open access journal that does not directly compete with our core publications within the Microwave Theory and Technology Society (MTT-S). Towards that end, we are making major changes to our internal Editorial Board structure and paper screening methods. We will continue to focus on broad-appeal articles and cross-disciplinary topics that cover the entire range of microwave techniques and applications, and especially those subjects that breach traditional boundaries between engineering and science. We will also continue to bring you special editorial features on a regular basis, including this month's Microwave Pioneer article on UCLA's Mau-Chung Frank Chang. As our paper queue has expanded, we have decided to move to bimonthly, rather than quarterly issue releases. We hope this will reduce our paper queue and decrease the time between article submission and final issue-paginated release. Our January issue content includes 19 regular papers spanning topics that include wearable smart skins, batteryless IoT devices, astronaut hand gesture recognition, THz chiral structures, and metamaterial transmitarrays. We also bring you more than our usual quantity of the more core microwave filter, transmission line, antennas, and waveguide component papers, and a couple of papers on radar instruments and techniques.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3517000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3517000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3516996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3516996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3516998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3516998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nacer E. Chahat;Edward Gonzales;Emmanuel Decrossas;Amy Stevens;Matthew Keyawa;Pablo S. Narvaez
{"title":"EMI-EMC Qualification of the NASA SWOT Mission Using High Fidelity Modeling","authors":"Nacer E. Chahat;Edward Gonzales;Emmanuel Decrossas;Amy Stevens;Matthew Keyawa;Pablo S. Narvaez","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3522819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3522819","url":null,"abstract":"Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) is a complex satellite with multiple high-power transmitters and highly sensitive receivers. A pivotal feature is the Ka-band interferometer, operating at 2000 Watts, which significantly amplifies the satellite's qualification challenges. Additionally, the utilization of an X-band low-gain antenna for high data rate communication necessitates meticulous characterization and early-stage mitigation strategies to prevent interference with nearby instruments. Throughout the spacecraft's development lifecycle, meticulous attention was devoted to high-fidelity RF coupling to validate the compatibility between all instruments and preempt potential late-stage setbacks. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the rigorous modeling and testing methodologies employed to ascertain the satellite's self-compatibility, ensuring mission success and reliability.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"116-129"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Kumar Baghel;Vinicius Uchoa Oliveira;Pedro Pinho;Nuno Borges Carvalho
{"title":"Bifocal Polarization Insensitive Fresnel Lens Tuning Using Lubricant Oil for MM-Wave Applications","authors":"Amit Kumar Baghel;Vinicius Uchoa Oliveira;Pedro Pinho;Nuno Borges Carvalho","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3516774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3516774","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the synergy between use of lubricant oil (Loil) in Fresnel zone lens (FZL) for focal length (FL) tuning for the first time in 27–30GHz band is proposed. This is achieved by filling the cavity of FZL with the Loil according to the required FL of 50 and 142mm. The FL is achieved for both TE (<inline-formula><tex-math>$E_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) and TM (<inline-formula><tex-math>$E_{y}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) polarization, thus providing polarization insensitive tuning. To minimize the impact of the FZL walls on tuning performance, the FZL is additively manufactured with controlled infill percentage and pattern. The Loil and walls of the FZL are characterized for their dielectric constant and loss tangent at 28 GHz using cavity resonator and free-space methods, respectively. In addition, an average increase of 7.4 dBi (5.49 times improvement in the received power) in the realized gain is achieved throughout the band with maximum gain of 22.5 dBi (meas: 20.2 dBi) around 28GHz. Also, the average efficiency of the FZL is 89% throughout the band, thus having very low insertion loss. Because the FZL provides dual polarization, the data throughput is increased by utilizing orthogonal polarization simultaneously for the bifocal case in mm-wave communication. Also, due to the improvement in the realised gain of the transmitting antenna, the proposed solution is also suitable for the wireless power transfer applications. The measurements were conducted to validate the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 2","pages":"425-437"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10820537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}