IEEE journal of microwaves最新文献

{"title":"Digital Pre-Distortion to Reduce Ringing in a Pulse Sharpening Non-Linear Transmission Line","authors":"Stephen Pancrazio;Tyler Kelley;Sam Wagner;Nhat Tran;Ababil Hossain;Anh-Vu Pham","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3512368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3512368","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the development of a digital pre-distortion (DPD) algorithm to reduce ringing in a UWB transmitter with a non-linear transmission line. Notably, this DPD is applied to a lower frequency bandwidth input pulse, translated to a much larger bandwidth output pulse where the ringing is reduced at the output pulse. A software-defined transmitter using an arbitrary waveform generator with 2.5 GHz of bandwidth implements the developed DPD algorithm. The non-linear transmission line sharpens the pulse to extend its bandwidth to 8 GHz. The DPD algorithm is developed using a look-up table of pulses characterized from the pulse sharpening system. The DPD algorithm reduces measured peak ringing in the output of the non-linear transmission line from −15.24 dB to −20.18 dB and RMS ringing from −26.4 dB to −30.5 dB.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10812181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable Bandpass Filters With Co-Integrated Isolator and Switching-Off Functionality","authors":"Kexin Li;Dimitra Psychogiou","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3512375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3512375","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on a new type of multi-functional bandpass filtering (BPF) architecture with center frequency tunability, switching-off, and isolator functionality. The proposed filter, isolator, and switch (FIS) combines frequency-tunable passive resonators with unilateral frequency-selective stages (UFSs) to achieve tunable, fully-directional, quasi-elliptic transfer functions. The UFS, consists of a transistor-based path and a tunable feedback network, enabling frequency-selective transmission in the forward direction, RF signal cancellation in the reverse direction, and reconfigurability in terms of center frequency and intrinsic switching-off. It is demonstrated that by cascading UFSs and tunable resonators, highly selective frequency-tunable FISs can be developed. The proposed FIS also offers a reconfigurable switch-off mode capability with high isolation that is obtained by adjusting transmission zeros and reconfiguring the UFSs. In this paper, two types of UFSs are analyzed using circuit schematic simulations and coupling routing diagram (CRD)-based synthesis. Scalability to high-order transfer functions is also demonstrated by CRD-synthesized examples, design examples and manufactured prototypes. For experimental validation, two tunable UFSs and four tunable FISs were manufactured and measured at the L band.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"190-206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10811760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring","authors":"Rossella Rizzo;Giuseppe Ruello;Rita Massa;Maxim Zhadobov;Giulia Sacco","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3504846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3504846","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a flexible electrotextile-based solid skin-equivalent phantom operating in the millimeter-wave (mmW) range. The phantom reproduces the reflection coefficient at the air/skin interface in the 55–65 GHz band. It is composed of a layer of carbon powder mixed with silicone and backed with an electrotextile. Its thickness is optimized to approach the target reflection coefficient of the human skin. For the angles of incidence from <inline-formula><tex-math>$0 ^{circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math>$60 ^{circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> the maximum relative error in respect to the target value is <inline-formula><tex-math>$2.6%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the magnitude and <inline-formula><tex-math>$13%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the phase when considering impinging transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized plane wave. To experimentally validate the phantom, its scattering properties are measured in the 55–65 GHz range using a free-space transmission/reflection system. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is demonstrated, exhibiting a relative error within <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.9 %$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the magnitude of the reflection coefficient in the 55–65 GHz range at normal incidence. Such phantoms may be used in a wide range of body-centric mmW applications, including remote sensing and medical applications.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10807461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Heterogeneously Integrated 256-Element 5G Phased Array: Design, Assembly, Test","authors":"Bodhisatwa Sadhu;Arun Paidimarri;Atom O. Watanabe;Duixian Liu;Xiaoxiong Gu;Christian W. Baks;Yujiro Tojo;Yoshiharu Fujisaku;Isabel De Sousa;Yo Yamaguichi;Ning Guan;Alberto Valdes-Garcia","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3497982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3497982","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the design, assembly, and test of a heterogeneously integrated dual-polarized 256-element 5G phased array covering 24<inline-formula><tex-math>$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula>30 GHz. The design is based on a 64-element antenna-in-package tile designed using an organic substrate. This work represents one of the earliest examples of a heterogeneously integrated mmWave phased array module where each tile uses chips in three different substrate technologies to perform beamforming, frequency conversion, filtering, combining/splitting, and supply decoupling functions. The paper discusses the several challenges and system trade-offs for 5G mmWave phased arrays and illustrates the advantages of heterogeneous integration at the antenna-in-package level. The paper also covers, in detail, several practical aspects of phased array module design that are not well-described in existing literature, such as power domain modeling, module assembly, antenna feedline design, polarization isolation, and tile spacing. To demonstrate the efficacy of our design choices and techniques, we present exhaustive <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm 360^circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> over-the-air beam characterization of the phased array antenna module demonstrating beam scanning over <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm 70^circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and very low cross-polarization leakage in E-/H-planes in both polarizations and in both TX and RX modes.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"68-83"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10806591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Mutual Coupling in Antenna-Amplifier Systems for Increased Reconfigurability","authors":"Jaanus Kalde;Veli-Pekka Kutinlahti;Anu Lehtovuori;Alvo Aabloo;Ville Viikari","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3499317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3499317","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional antenna array design aims at minimising the mutual coupling between the elements. When elements are fully isolated, the active impedance seen by the amplifiers does not depend on the beam steering angle. However, at the same time, the mutual coupling can not be exploited in re-configuring the operation of the antenna-amplifier system. In this paper, we show experimentally that increased mutual coupling between array elements can broaden the operation band of the system without any sacrifice in the efficiency or transmitted power. This severely challenges the traditional design paradigm and suggests that amplifiers and antennas should be co-designed.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 1","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10805495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3479395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3479395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3479391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3479391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observing the Stratospheric Submillimeter Spectrum for Detecting Threats to the Ozone Layer","authors":"Joe W. Waters;Peter H. Siegel","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3479080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3479080","url":null,"abstract":"Stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth from solar ultraviolet radiation, but the ozone layer is fragile. The Antarctic ozone hole has shown that humankind's release of certain chemicals into the atmosphere can deplete ozone essentially completely in a region where the destruction process is operative. Early detection of a future threat, especially one that might operate on a global scale as severely as that now operating in a layer over Antarctica each October, is crucial. Globally observing the stratosphere submillimeter-wavelength spectrum can give early (potentially earliest-possible) detection of threats to the ozone layer. Hundreds of chemical species – including radicals that can reveal new destruction processes before they cause noticeable depletion of ozone – have submillimeter spectral lines that are detectable and measurable at abundances that can threaten ozone. Spectral lines are resolved at all stratospheric heights, providing definitive identification. Chemical species in all global regions and at all stratospheric heights can be measured each 24-hour period, both day and night, including in the presence of dense volcanic aerosol and ice clouds. New solid-state technology is available for the stratosphere submillimeter spectrum to be observed from satellite at wavelengths down to 0.1 mm by both passive and active limb sounding. Using this technology, we present a Submillimeter Observatory for the Stratosphere (SOS) concept. SOS economically combines the most valuable features of passive and active measurements: vertical profile measurements of passive and ultra-high sensitivity of active. Active and passive measurements are time-shared, the passive system is the receiver for the active, eliminating the need for a separate receiver satellite. Active measurement vertical resolution is obtained from the measured spectral line shape, eliminating the need for a constellation of satellites. Instruments operate at ambient temperature, eliminating the need for detector cooling. Projected SOS detectability is given for 455 chemical species. Active measurement daily 10° latitude zonal mean precisions with 2 m antenna are projected capable of detecting 440 species down to ∼10\u0000⁻¹²\u0000 relative abundances, and 220 species down to ∼10\u0000⁻¹⁵\u0000. Passive individual vertical profile measurements, made every 1.5° along the suborbital path with ∼2 km vertical resolution, have projected precision better than ∼10\u0000⁻⁹\u0000 relative abundance for 390 species. Passive daily 10° latitude zonal means with 5 km vertical resolution have projected precision capable of detecting 200 species down to ∼10\u0000⁻¹²\u0000. The fundamental limit on detectability is the stratosphere's spectral clutter floor. The practical limit is likely to be set by the ability to calibrate out instrumental spectral artifacts.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"791-835"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3479397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3479397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Microwaves in Climate Change","authors":"Peter H. Siegel","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3485474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3485474","url":null,"abstract":"<sc>IEEE Journal of Microwaves</small>\u0000 is extremely pleased to host this special topic, which was inspired by our editorial series article, “\u0000<italic>Making Waves: Microwaves in Climate Change,”</i>\u0000 released in July 2023. The papers included in this special issue cover a wide swath of topics that involve microwave techniques and instrumentation applied to problems related to climate change. These include energy use and distribution, atmospheric chemistry, meteorology, water resource management, pollution monitoring, power transfer, heating, energy reuse and efficiency, waste management and animal migration tracking. We hope that this special issue will bring additional scientists into the microwave publishing community and inspire more microwave engineers to seek out geophysicists, Earth scientists, environmentalists, climatologists, geochemical engineers, energy and power specialists, resource managers, and other technical experts who might benefit from the instrumentation, knowledge, and skillsets within our community.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 4","pages":"779-790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10803902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}