Advances in neurology and neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Acute-onset bilateral visual loss in the context of longstanding myasthenia gravis: don’t forget anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies!","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/an.05.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Acute-onset visual loss is a medical emergency necessitating prompt and timely intervention to preserve vision and prevent further deterioration. Besides ocular pathologies, neurological conditions account for a significant proportion of cases of visual loss, particularly optic nerve pathologies including demyelinating or inflammatory optic neuritis. Inflammatory optic neuritis may cause unilateral or bilateral acute visual loss in isolation, as the first presentation of multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or in association with systemic autoimmune conditions. We hereby present a case of sequential bilateral anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody-positive optic neuritis presenting as acute bilateral visual loss and initially diagnosed as temporal arteritis in a patient with longstanding myasthenia gravis. Our case highlights the importance of timely recognition of the possibility of optic neuritis when assessing acute visual loss, and the need for prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy for residual vision preservation. It also illustrates the importance of maintaining awareness of possible neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and diligently testing for anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in patients presenting with ocular symptoms in the context of co-existing autoimmune pathology and no other obviously attributable ophthalmological pathologies.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48074572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Clinical manifestations, Diagnosis and Risk factors among Yemeni Patients","authors":"M. Salam, Ahmed Al-Gharati, Afif Al-Nabhi, A. Abdulrab, Ali Ahmed Al-Zaazaai","doi":"10.33140/an.05.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common compressive canalicular neuropathies of the upper extremities. It results from compression or injury of the median nerve at the wrist within the confines of the carpal tunnel. Objective: To determine the pattern of clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and risk factors of carpal tunnel syndrome among Yemeni patients presented to the neurological center, Sana’a city. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a neurological Centre in Sana’a city. The study included all patients with symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). History, physical examination, and laboratory were collected. Demographic data were recorded for every case. A nerve conduction study of both hands was performed according to the protocol. Results: Out of 73 included subjects, 52 (71.2%) patients were females and 21 (28.8%) were males, with a mean age of (44.05 years). Most of the patients (80.8%) had bilateral CTS, and it affected both hands. The majority of CTS cases were of moderate to profound severity. All patients with (CTS) presented with pain numbness, and tingling on bilateral hands. More than two-thirds of the patients (64.4%) had weakness of both hands and (79.5%) of patients had night pain and wake at night. Distal latency > (4.2ms) was positive generally in (84.9%) and it was positive bilateral in (56.2%) of the patients. Significant association with CTS was found between gender, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and to a less extent with Rheumatoid arthritis, Conclusion: High prevalence of bilateral CTS was found among most patients. Diabetes mellitus and obesity play a significant role in CTS. The severity of functional impairment was relatively moderate to severe.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46464936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cauda Equina Paraganglioma: Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/an.05.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Cauda equina paragangliomas are benign neuroendocrine tumors. They are rare tumors, very few cases have been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 40-year-old patient with no particular history and who has had low back pain for 3 months secondary to bilateral L5 sciatica. . The physical and neurological examination is strictly normal. The MRI shows, next to L4-L5, an oval intradural lesion in T1 and T2 isosignal, enhancing evenly after injection of gadolinium. The patient is operated on via the posterior approach; laminectomy of L4 and L5, the resection is macroscopically complete. The postoperative course is simple with disappearance of lumbosciatalgia and urinary urgency. The control MRI performed 3 months postoperatively confirms complete excision. The anatomo-pathological examination concludes with a morphological and immuno-histochemical aspect of a benign paraganglioma. Complete surgical excision remains the ideal treatment to minimize the risk of recurrence.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48608966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Fremanezumab In Resistant and Refractory Chronic Migraine Patients: Real-World Data from The Hull Migraine Clinic, Uk","authors":"F. Cheng, Qinyao Wu, Maria Hussain, Victoria Wilkinson, L. Wilson, M. Khalil, F. Ahmed","doi":"10.33140/an.05.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background Fremanezumab is an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody efficacious for chronic migraine prophylaxis. We evaluated real-world prophylactic efficacy of fremanezumab for refractory and resistant chronic migraine in a United Kingdom specialist headache centre (Hull Migraine Clinic). Materials and Methods 289 adult patients with resistant and refractory chronic migraine commenced fremanezumab with prospective follow-up, maintaining headache diaries for ≥1-month pre-fremanezumab initiation and continuously thereafter. Patients failed 6 median previous prophylactics. We measured monthly headache days, migraine days, headache-free days, analgesia medication days, triptan days and Headache Impact Test-6 scores at baseline and during treatment. Results All outcomes significantly improved in results of 182 patients at 4-month follow-up (p<0.0001), with reduced median monthly headache days (by 9 days), migraine days (by 10 days) and Headache Impact Test-6 (by 14.5 points). 80% patients achieved ≥30% migraine reduction, whilst 68% and 42% patients achieved >50% and >75% reduction. 58%, 39% and 17% patients achieved ≥30%, >50% and >75% headache day reduction. OnabotulinumtoxinA-unresponsive patients exhibited substantial responses, with 78%, 66% and 39% patients achieving ≥30%, >50% and >75% migraine reduction. Medication-overuse did not affect responses. 45% patients achieved <15 headache days in any month, and 65% achieved <8 migraine days in any month. 37% achieved both outcomes. In multivariate analyses, baseline headache-freedom and lower Headache Impact Test-6 score associated with ≥30% migraine reduction (p<0.05), whilst baseline headache-freedom and lower migraine-days associated with achieving <15 headache days in any month (p<0.01). Conclusion Fremanezumab demonstrates real-world efficacy at 4 months in resistant and refractorychronic migraine, including in OnabotulinumtoxinA-unresponsive patients, irrespective of medication-overuse. Baseline headache-freedom, lower migrainedays and lower Headache Impact Test-6 score heralded superior responses.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and Wellness in The Midst of Covid-19, An Emotional Relationship","authors":"Aura María Vasco Ospina, S. Restrepo","doi":"10.33140/an.05.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is part of some dissertations and analysis on the Covid-19 pandemic. The outbreak of Covid-19 in China has caused commotion because of the fear that the fact of getting sick instills in people. The growing number of patients and suspected cases, and the increasing number of cities and countries affected by outbreaks have sparked public concern about becoming infected. From other countries it can be observed that social fear is growing, and it is not only generated in Colombia, but in all those countries that are confirming cases of Covid-19. We will address in the article important aspects that revolve around public health, mental health. The chapter was developed from a research result review perspective where the results of published research on Covid-19 between 2019 and 2020 are analyzed, systematized and integrated, in order to account for the progress and trends of development around this topic.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46192217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Rubella syndrome cases (based on WHO criteria) one decade after Measle and Rubella vaccination campaign in Tehran; Iran.","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/an.05.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Active CRS surveillance is recommended strongly even in country with full rubella vaccination. Objective: Searching the CRS based on WHO criteria one decade after MR vaccination campaign (2003) Methods: a prospective case control study carried out in a third referral educational hospital (Rasoul Akram hospital) in Tehran, IRAN during five years (2013 -2018). From 89 CRS suspected infants (according to WHO criteria); serum samples were tested for rubella-specific IgG and IgM by ELISA method. Selected samples (positive Rubella IgM) were tested for rubella RNA by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Findings: “Confirmed CRS” based on positive IgM was found in 5.6% (5/89) all were < 4 months old. Positive RT–PCR detected in 1.2 % (1/89) of “CRS suspected” infants.Except a good correlation between abnormal neurologic findings and positive IgM in “Confirmed CRS “cases, other clinical findings were not related to serologic tests. The “Compatible CRS” cases in the 31 patients who had primary negative IgM serology and did not have sufficient laboratory evidence to confirm CRS, but clinical symptoms favoured CRS. Conclusion: Despite MR vaccination in Iran, after one decade “confirmed CRS” and “compatible CRS” were diagnosed in 5 and 31 from 89 CRS suspected cases. The incidence of “confirmed CRS” in every 100 CRS suspected infants (after campaign) is 5.6 %; and 31 CRS Compatible cases are so important. Without active CRS surveillance; mild infection such as IUGR, hearing loss,heart abnormalities, impaired vision, and mental retardation even in developed country might be missed.Fetal infection is persistent which impose additional costs on the country..Another mass vaccination in women and girls is needed. Also, the antirubella IgG testing before pregnancy in women who were not vaccinated; vaccination of women before marriage /preganacy should be obligatory in order to prevent the CRS.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49417419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Significance of Nitrosative Pressure in Underlying Pathophysiology and The Pharmacologic Therapy of Non-Communicable Disease with Fessional and Antioxidant Potential","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/an.05.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic stress (OS) can degrade a range of substances and cellular structures, impairing organ and system performance. Endogenous and external pathways contribute to the accumulation of OS in the body. There is mounting evidence that OS has a role in the physiopathology of various chronic disorders that require continuous pharmaceutical treatment. Prolonged therapy may affect systemic OS. We explore the role of OS in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, the pro- or antioxidant effects of their pharmaceutical therapies, and potential adjuvant antioxidant alternatives in this review. High blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus raise the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic medications contribute to risk reduction while also providing an antioxidant benefit. In autoimmune systemic inflammatory illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate treatment has a dual effect of boosting OS synthesis and causing mitochondrial malfunction. However, it may also contribute indirectly to reducing systemic OS caused by inflammation. Medications used to treat neurodegenerative illnesses have been shown to inhibit systems involved in producing and balancing reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, immunosuppressive treatments for cancer or human immunodeficiency virus infection enhance ROS generation, resulting in severe oxidative damage in several organs and systems in the absence of welldocumented exogenous antioxidant delivery.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47372694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In- Silico Studies on Selected Active Constituents of Genus Decumbens Species against Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/an.05.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Herbs have been employed in the treatment of various diseases and other medicinal purposes for a long time and they have been the zest of our life. Corbichonia decumbens an erect, short-lived succulent herb is found to possess zenith medicinal properties. At a first, the in-silico activity of the plant has been determined to carry out a modification in the Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D) which plays a pivotal role in defense against the Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA). The SP-D protein has been modified using in-silico tools thus making it more robust in containing ABPA. The protein SP-D when combined with the plant compound 1-methyl-3,5dinitro-1,2,4-triazole had binding energy of -6.98 and interactions with active site residue ASN-236, LYS-246, GLU-232, PHE-234 and, GLN-236. Being one of the first in-silico works carried out in the plant species it aims to provide a substantial base for future works and unwrap the potential of this herb in all aspects of medicinal plant science.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48457733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CADASIL in the Differential Diagnosis of Atypical Parkinsonism. Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/an.05.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited small vessel disease caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. The clinical spectrum includes migraine, transient ischemic attacks and/or recurrent strokes, and cognitive impairment. The presence of signs and symptoms of Parkinsonism are poorly described in the phenotype of this disease. This case report was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos. Case Report: The present case refers to a 59-year-old female patient presenting with recurrent transient ischemic attacks, chronic migraine, depression and bilateral akinetic-rigid parkinsonism. Brain MRI showed diffuse and confluent lesions. The genetic study showed a de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant in the NOTCH3 gene. Symptomatic treatment with multiprofessional rehabilitation was instituted with partial improvement of symptoms.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44782573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Anthropometric Variables Among Hypertensive and Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/an.05.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/an.05.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background A myriad of discrepancies abounds as to which anthropometric measures have the best marker for assessing obesity a major risk factor for hypertension and Type 2 diabetes. This study sought to determine the strength of the relationship between the following obesity risk factors, including, Waist circumference, body mass index, and Waist Hip Ratio. Their predictive ability of obesity in these subjects were also determined. Methods A total of two hundred and one (201) male and female hypertensive (n=122) and type 2 diabetes (n=79) subjects participated in this study. Blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, blood glucose were obtained from each subject. Data were analyzed using, descriptive statistics, Spearman’s, and Pearson’s correlation. Results The mean age, weight, and height of the subjects were 53.02±12.02 years, 72.91±15.68kg, and 1.66±0.08m, respectively. In the hypertensive subject Waist Hip Ratio indicated that 71.35% were obese, Waist Circumference indicated 39.3% and Body mass Index indicated 25.4% obesity. For the subject with type 2 diabetes, Waist Hip Ratio indicated 75.9% obesity, Waist Circumference (40.5%), and Body Mass Index (22.8%). A strong positive relationship (r=0.85) was found between Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index in the hypertensive subject and a strong positive relationship (r=0.72) between WHR and BMI in the subjects with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Overall, the study affirms that the Waist Hip Ratio is a better anthropometric measure for assessing obesity and that it predicts obesity in hypertensive and type 2 diabetes subjects better than other measures.","PeriodicalId":93246,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45405028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}