British Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors for visual loss after excision of orbital cavernous venous malformations: a systematic review.","authors":"James Pietris, Clare Quigley, Alkis James Psaltis, Geoffrey E Rose, Dinesh Selva","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326395","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orbital cavernous venous malformations (OCVMs) are the most common primary orbital mass lesion and presenting symptoms are usually secondary to a mass effect. Surgical excision presents unique challenges and vision loss is a rare, but devastating, complication. This review aims to identify risk factors for vision loss with excision of OCVMs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search of the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL was performed to May 2024, prior to data collection and risk of bias analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. 16 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These studies identified apical location and strong adherence to apical structures, including the optic nerve, as characteristics carrying a higher risk of postoperative vision loss. Symptoms and signs with a poor visual prognosis included preoperative visual loss, relative afferent pupillary defect, optic disc abnormality and choroidal folds. Intraoperative risk factors include prolonged vascular handling and traction on the optic nerve, as well as low intraoperative diastolic blood pressure. Central retinal artery occlusion was the most common cause of vision loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are several risk factors for poor visual outcome after excision of OCVMs. Surgical and anaesthetic teams should remain cognisant of these factors, and be willing to adapt their intraoperative management as required. Further large-scale prospective studies might aid the development of management guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"728-732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferior rectus muscle detachment during strabismus surgery has a major effect on anterior segment perfusion, as shown by LSCI perfusion monitoring.","authors":"Linn Engqvist, HannaMaria Öhnell, Ella Nygren, Aboma Merdasa, Rafi Sheikh, Ulf Dahlstrand, Malin Malmsjö","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-325916","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjo-2024-325916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior segment ischaemia (ASI) is a rare but feared complication associated with strabismus surgery, arising from damage of the anterior ciliary arteries that run along the extraocular rectus muscles. It has been reported that the risk of ASI following strabismus surgery increases when the vertical rectus muscles are involved. The aim of the present study was to monitor anterior segment perfusion in real time during inferior rectus muscle surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>17 eyes in 16 patients undergoing surgery on the inferior rectus muscle were included. Perfusion was measured in the adjacent paralimbal and iris tissue, before and after inferior rectus muscle detachment, using laser speckle contrast imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The paralimbal vascular network was clearly visualised in the perfusion images, whereas the signals from the iris were lower. Detachment of the inferior rectus muscle resulted in a reduction in paralimbal and iris perfusion by a median of 33% (p<0.0001) and 11% (p=0.0174), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strabismus surgery involving the inferior rectus muscle significantly affects perfusion to the anterior segment, and to a greater extent than previously observed following surgery on horizontal rectus muscles (where the decrease was only 23% and 5%).</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"704-708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of macular neovascularisation characteristics for photoreceptor integrity in nAMD: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Jiaxin Pu, Xuenan Zhuang, Miaoling Li, Xinlei Hao, Guiqin He, Yongyue Su, Yuhong Gan, Xiongze Zhang, Yuying Ji, Lan Mi, Yining Zhang, Ruijun Yang, Xuelin Chen, Feng Wen","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326319","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the relationship between characteristics of macular neovascularisation (MNV) and photoreceptor integrity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study enrolled treatment-naïve nAMD eyes and conducted a 3-month follow-up. 16 quantitative MNV features were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography, and the impaired areas of ellipsoid zone (EZ), external limiting membrane (ELM) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were obtained using optical coherence tomography. Correlation and regression analyses assessed the relationships between MNV features and photoreceptor integrity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>110 nAMD eyes from 110 patients (73.64% men) were included. Baseline MNV characteristics, including MNV perimeter, maxFeret, minFeret, vessel area, total vessel length, total number of junctions and endpoints, and mean E lacunarity, were positively correlated with photoreceptor damage areas (r ranging from 0.227 to 0.558, p<0.05 for all). Meanwhile, vessel density negatively correlated with photoreceptor damage (r=-0.468 for EZ, -0.394 for ELM and -0.538 for ONL, all p<0.05). After the loading phase, the EZ prognosis was independently associated with baseline MNV minFeret (Std β=0.362, p=0.011) and mean E lacunarity (Std β=0.130, p=0.041). The prognosis for ELM was independently linked to baseline MNV minFeret (Std β=0.373, p=0.014), while no significant factors were found to influence ONL prognosis (p>0.05 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A strong correlation was observed between MNV features and photoreceptor integrity, with larger and more complex vascular networks associated with greater photoreceptor damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"689-696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratoscope-guided opening of graft-host junction to treat elevated astigmatism after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty","authors":"Costanza Rossi, Andrea Lucisano, Giovanni Scalia, Sabrina Vaccaro, Giuseppe Alessio, Andrea Taloni, Maria Angela Romeo, Simone Porchia, Massimiliano Borselli, Adriano Carnevali, Vincenzo Scorcia, Giovanna Carnovale-Scalzo","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327208","url":null,"abstract":"Aims To describe a simple surgical technique consisting of opening the vertical graft-host junction (GHJ) to manage high astigmatism following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and to report postoperative visual and topographic outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective interventional case series. Patients affected by high astigmatism after DALK underwent progressive opening of the previous GHJ at the steep meridians, established with preoperative topography and intraoperative keratoscopic guidance. Evaluations were carried out with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive astigmatism (RA) and keratometric astigmatism (KA) measured with Casia (Tomey, Japan). Visits were conducted preoperatively (T0), 1 week (T1), 6 months (T2) and 1 year after surgery (T3). The Alpins Method was used to evaluate vectorial changes in KA between T0 and T3. Results Fifteen patients were included in the analysis. BCVA (median (IQR)) increased significantly from 0.70 (0.5–1.1) at T0 to 0.20 (0.1–0.3) logMAR at T3 (p=0.001). RA (mean±SD) at T3 was 2.28±1.59 dioptres (D). KA (mean±SD) varied significantly from 8.04±2.14 D at T0 versus 2.93±1.94 D at T1 versus 3.15±1.79 D at T2, versus 3.23±1.63 D at T3 (p<0.0001). Vectorial analysis showed that target induced astigmatism (mean±SD) was 8.04±2.14 D, while surgically induced astigmatism (mean±SD) was 7.89±4.27 D. Correction index (mean±SD) was 0.92±0.33. Conclusions High astigmatism after DALK can be safely and effectively managed by opening the GHJ down to the cleavage plane achieved with the previous surgery, providing low KA and RA, with an overall low tendency to overcorrection. Data are available upon reasonable request. For data requests contact: vscorcia@unicz.it.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review investigating the time taken for corneal stabilisation following contact lens cessation","authors":"Ali Abid, Himal Kandel, Stephanie Watson","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327121","url":null,"abstract":"Background Contact lenses (CLs), used by approximately 140 million people globally, can induce corneal warpage, altering corneal geometry. This impacts corneal imaging, influencing diagnostic assessments, follow-ups and pre-operative evaluations. This systematic review aimed to determine the optimal CL cessation period before corneal imaging. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases. Studies were included if they assessed corneal stabilisation post-CL cessation by using corneal imaging techniques. Quality was rated using the modified Downs and Black checklist. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria; 13 prospective observational studies, one retrospective and one observational case series. Five of these studies included a control group. Following the removal of CLs, the included studies reported stabilisation of corneal parameters as follows: for soft CLs, 2–11.6 weeks (median 2.1 weeks); for hard CLs, 1–22 weeks (median 7.6 weeks); for orthokeratology lenses, 1–2 weeks (median 1.6 weeks) and for tinted lenses, 2–3 hours. Factors influencing stabilisation included lens material, water content, wear modality, CL fit and patient age. Two studies were found to be of excellent methodological quality, 11 were assessed as good and two as fair. No studies were found to be of poor quality. Conclusion Corneal stabilisation time post-CL cessation was variable and dependent on the lens type and fit, patient age and method of determining corneal stabilisation. Personalised recommendations and standardised assessments are essential for optimising diagnostic and surgical outcomes. Further research is needed to develop comprehensive guidelines for consistent CL removal protocols. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023484401. Data sharing not applicable as no datasets generated and/or analysed for this study.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"bjo-2025-327121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective multicentre study on functional vision score calculation using automated perimeter","authors":"Mieko Tsuruoka, Yoshimune Hiratsuka, Kenji Inoue, Miki Murakami, Kazuma Oku, Hiroyuki Kondo, Mayumi Sainohira, Taiji Sakamoto, Akira Murakami","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327122","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims This study aimed to develop a predictive equation for Functional Field Score (FFS), a component of the Functional Vision Score (FVS) derived from binocular Esterman test results via automated perimetry (AP) and to evaluate agreement with Goldmann perimetry (GP)-based FFS. Methods This retrospective multicentre study included 240 patients (mean age: 61±17.5 years) who underwent both GP and AP testing at four Japanese institutions from January 2019 to October 2023. Binocular Esterman visual field testing was conducted using the Humphrey Field Analyser. After conducting a correlation analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, we derived a predictive equation for GP-based FFS from AP-based FFS using linear regression analysis. Bland-Altman analysis assessed agreement between predicted AP-FFS and GP-FFS. Results A strong correlation was observed between FFS based on GP and the number of points seen in the binocular Esterman test (r=0.77; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.81). The predictive equation for FFS was: FFS=(the number of points seen)×0.41+37.0. Agreement between predicted and GP-based FFS was high, with a mean difference of 0.12 (95% CI −21.63 to 21.88). Conclusions AP-based FFS provides a reliable alternative to GP-based FVS, enabling effective assessment of visual impairment in environments lacking GP accessibility. This approach may enhance the practical evaluation of functional vision, particularly in clinical or research settings where AP is more widely available. No data are available.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tocilizumab effectiveness in paediatric non-infectious uveitis: data from the International AIDA Network Registries on ocular inflammatory disorders","authors":"Jurgen Sota, Luciana Breda, Maria Pia Paroli, Soad Hashad, Alejandra de-la-Torre, Silvana Guerriero, Abdurrahman Tufan, Juanita Cardona-López, María José Altamar-García, Saverio La Bella, Antonio Vitale, Edoardo Biancalana, Emanuela Del Giudice, Francesca Minoia, Sulaiman Al-Mayouf, Bruno Frediani, Luca Cantarini, Claudia Fabiani","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327410","url":null,"abstract":"To describe tocilizumab (TCZ) effectiveness in 15 children with refractory non-infectious uveitis. Reported outcomes are the number of relapses before and after treatment, steroid-sparing effect and drug retention rate. Macular oedema, fluorangiographic findings and ocular complications are also reported. The mean number of ocular relapses significantly decreased from 314 per 100 eyes/year to 106 per 100 eyes/year (p=0.016). A significant steroid-sparing effect was detected (p=0.037). TCZ drug survival was 77.4% at 6 months, followed by 61.9% at 12, 24 and 36 months of follow-up. Macular oedema and retinal vasculitis resolved in all affected eyes. Data are available upon reasonable request. The data underlying this article will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing pathological myopia diagnosis: a bimodal artificial intelligence approach integrating fundus and optical coherence tomography imaging for precise atrophy, traction and neovascularisation grading.","authors":"Zhiyan Xu,Yajie Yang,Huan Chen,Ruo'an Han,Xiaoxu Han,Jianchun Zhao,Weihong Yu,Zhikun Yang,Youxin Chen","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326252","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPathological myopia (PM) has emerged as a leading cause of global visual impairment, early detection and precise grading of PM are crucial for timely intervention. The atrophy, traction and neovascularisation (ATN) system is applied to define PM progression and stages with precision. This study focuses on constructing a comprehensive PM image dataset comprising both fundus and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and developing a bimodal artificial intelligence (AI) classification model for ATN grading in PM.METHODSThis single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study collected 2760 colour fundus photographs and matching OCT images of PM from January 2019 to November 2022 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Ophthalmology specialists labelled and inspected all paired images using the ATN grading system. The AI model used a ResNet-50 backbone and a multimodal multi-instance learning module to enhance interaction across instances from both modalities.RESULTSPerformance comparisons among single-modality fundus, OCT and bimodal AI models were conducted for ATN grading in PM. The bimodality model, dual-deep learning (DL), demonstrated superior accuracy in both detailed multiclassification and biclassification of PM, which aligns well with our observation from instance attention-weight activation maps. The area under the curve for severe PM using dual-DL was 0.9635 (95% CI 0.9380 to 0.9890), compared with 0.9359 (95% CI 0.9027 to 0.9691) for the solely OCT model and 0.9268 (95% CI 0.8915 to 0.9621) for the fundus model.CONCLUSIONSOur novel bimodal AI multiclassification model for PM ATN staging proves accurate and beneficial for public health screening and prompt referral of PM patients.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of risk of switching to dexamethasone implant for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema in real clinical practice: a multicentric study","authors":"Jorge Ruiz-Medrano, Patricia Udaondo Mirete, Marina Fernández-Jiménez, Monica Asencio-Duran, José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Marta Medina-Baena, Ignacio Flores-Moreno, Jesus Pareja-Esteban, Sara Touhami, Audrey Giocanti-Aurégan, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Anat Loewenstein, José M Ruiz-Moreno","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-325665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-325665","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To establish the influence of different optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers at baseline treatment on the potential response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for diabetic macular oedema (DME). Methods Multicentric, retrospective, case-series study in patients with DME switched to dexamethasone implant injections (DEX-i) after anti-VEGF in real clinical practice. Biomarkers analysed on OCT images at baseline included intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), disorganisation of retinal inner layers (DRIL), disorganisation of retinal outer layers (DROL), hyperreflective foci (HRF), hyperreflective cystoid walls (HCW), dense intraretinal cyst (DIR) and vitreomacular interface (VMI) abnormalities. DME was classified according to the European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology classification. Patients who were treated with anti-VEGF injections with an adequate response were selected as the control group. Results 275 eyes were analysed in this study; 209 eyes (76.0%) switched from anti-VEGF to DEX-i were compared with 66 control eyes (24.0%). Patients who required switching were statistically older, showed worse initial BCVA and higher CRT. Logistic regression analyses showed that female gender, age, central retinal thickness, type of diabetes, SRF, HCW, DIR and VMI increase the likelihood of switching. The OR regarding the need to switch generated by the presence of two of these three factors (SRF, HCW, VMI) was 48.95. Having all three multiplies it by 4.56×1016. Conclusion If baseline OCT shows two of SRF, HCW and VMI biomarkers at baseline, the risk of failure of anti-VEGF therapy is close to 50%. In the presence at baseline of all three biomarkers, failure of anti-VEGF therapy is almost certain. Data are available upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-VEGF injections and macular atrophy progression in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in remission","authors":"Nehal Nailesh Mehta, Ines Doris Nagel, Akshay Agnihotri, Fritz Gerald Paguiligan Kalaw, Anna Heinke, Lingyun Cheng, Dirk-Uwe Bartsch, William R Freeman","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326124","url":null,"abstract":"Aims To determine the effect of continuing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on the progression of macular atrophy (MA) during remission of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 59 eyes with nAMD with at least 6-month remission (disease inactivity) were analysed and were grouped into two. In group 1, anti-VEGF injections were stopped after remission (holiday). In group 2, injections were continued despite inactivity (maintenance). Using blue autofluorescence images via Heidelberg Spectralis, MA area was measured at initial injection, remission onset and the latest available remission point. The absence of subretinal haemorrhage, intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid or subretinal hyper-reflective material associated with fluid on serial spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans was used to confirm the inactivity of the disease (remission). The rate of progression of MA during the period of remission was measured for the two groups. Results In group 1, 30 eyes received a mean of 16.97 injections over 39.2 months, followed by 21 months of drug holiday. In group 2, 29 eyes received a mean of 27.1 injections over 62.16 months, followed by a mean of 11.59 injections over 19.32 months for maintenance. The MA in the maintenance group progressed faster than the holiday group during remission (p=0.03). Conclusions Maintenance injections for nAMD in remission significantly increase progression of MA. Data are available on reasonable request. Data are available on reasonable request to WRF.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}