British Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic report generation for macular diseases by natural language processing algorithms.","authors":"Xufeng Zhao,Chunshi Li,Jingyuan Yang,Xingwang Gu,Bing Li,Yuelin Wang,Bi-Lei Zhang,Xirong Li,Jianchun Zhao,Jie Wang,Weihong Yu","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326064","url":null,"abstract":"AIMSTo investigate rule-based and deep learning (DL)-based methods for the automatically generating natural language diagnostic reports for macular diseases.METHODSThis diagnostic study collected the ophthalmic images of 2261 eyes from 1303 patients. Colour fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography images were obtained. Eyes without retinal diseases as well as eyes diagnosed with four macular diseases were included. For each eye, a diagnostic report was written with a format consisting of lesion descriptions, diagnoses and recommendations. Subsequently, a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) and a DL-based NLP system were developed to automatically generate a diagnostic report. To assess the effectiveness of these models, two junior ophthalmologists wrote diagnostic reports for the collected images independently. A questionnaire was designed and judged by two retina specialists to grade each report's readability, correctness of diagnosis, lesion description and recommendations.RESULTSThe rule-based NLP reports achieved higher grades over junior ophthalmologists in correctness of diagnosis (9.13±1.52 vs 9.03±1.42 points) and recommendations (8.55±2.74 vs 8.50±2.53 points). Furthermore, the DL-based NLP reports got slightly lower grades to those of junior ophthalmologists in lesion description (8.82±1.84 vs 9.12±1.20 points, p<0.05), correctness of diagnosis (8.72±2.36 vs 9.08±1.55 points, p<0.05) and recommendations (8.81±2.52 vs 9.15±1.65 points, p<0.05). For readability, the DL-based reports performed better than junior ophthalmologists, with scores of 9.98±0.17 vs 9.94±0.25 points (p=0.094).CONCLUSIONSThe multimodal AI system, coupled with the NLP algorithm, has demonstrated competence in generating reports for four macular diseases compared with junior ophthalmologists.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature developments in artificial corneal devices: a review.","authors":"Gavin Li,Michael X Lin,Maria S Cortina,Esen Karamursel Akpek","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326211","url":null,"abstract":"Corneal disease ranks as the fifth leading cause of global blindness, affecting more than 10 million individuals. Donor corneal transplantation, keratoplasty, remains the mainstay of addressing loss of corneal clarity. Historically, full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty (PK) has been one of the most successful and widely performed transplant procedures, although predominantly available in developed countries. The landscape for corneal transplantation has changed dramatically over the last two decades with the emergence of partial-thickness transplantation techniques and corneal cross-linking, which provide less invasive means of treating diseases like Fuchs' dystrophy and keratoconus, respectively. Currently, PK is often performed in eyes with complex problems and at high risk of graft failure. In fact, repeat grafting has become the second most common indication for PK. Furthermore, a significant shortage of donor corneas persists, with half of the global population lacking access to tissues. This shortage is particularly pronounced in developing countries, which lack the necessary infrastructure to support corneal transplantation despite bearing the highest burden of corneal blindness. Artificial corneal devices, known as keratoprostheses, have been posited as a remedy for various constraints of conventional keratoplasty and have demonstrated promising outcomes, particularly in high-risk cases. Synthetic devices are not subject to the risk of allograft rejection or endothelial failure. In resource-limited areas, keratoprostheses could potentially replace donor keratoplasty by eliminating the costly eye banking system to access, preserve and distribute the short-lived fresh donor tissues. Herein, we report the design, surgical technique, indications and early outcomes of clinical-stage fully synthetic keratoprostheses currently undergoing trials globally.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atropine and Spectacle lens Combination Treatment (ASPECT): 12-month results of a randomised controlled trial for myopia control using a combination of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) lenses and 0.025% atropine.","authors":"Noemi Guemes-Villahoz,Paula Talavero González,Paloma Porras-Ángel,Rafael Bella-Gala,Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda,Beatriz Martin-Garcia,Elena Hernandez-Garcia,Nunila Gomez de Liaño,Rakhee Shah,Julian Garcia-Feijoo,Rosario Gomez-de-Liaño","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326852","url":null,"abstract":"AIMTo evaluate and compare the efficacy of combination treatment using 0.025% atropine and Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses to 0.025% atropine and single vision (SV) spectacle lenses in slowing myopia progression in children with myopia.METHODSRandomised controlled trial conducted on children aged 4-16 years with myopia between -1.00D and -6.00D and astigmatism ≤2.00D. Children were randomly allocated into two groups: 0.025% atropine and SV spectacle lenses treatment group (group A), and 0.025% atropine and DIMS spectacle lenses treatment group (group B). Cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months.RESULTS102 patients completed the 12-month follow-up: n=49 in group A, mean age 9.50±2.78 years and n=53 in group B, mean age 9.90±2.47 years. At 12 months, the mean AL±SD change was 0.18±0.16 mm in group A and 0.07±0.16 mm in group B (mean difference: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.17; p≤0.001). Mean SER±SD progression at 12 months was -0.19±0.42D and -0.09±0.35D in groups A and B, respectively (p=0.13). 39.6% of children in group B had no axial elongation over 12 months compared with 12.2% of the children in group A (p=0.002).CONCLUSIONSCombination treatment with 0.025% atropine and DIMS spectacle lenses is more effective in controlling axial elongation than 0.025% atropine with SV lenses. Although not significant, SER differences between groups were lower in group B. These findings support a potential additive effect of the two treatments.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-specific dynamics of macular pigment optical density as a prognostic biomarker in epiretinal membrane surgery.","authors":"Alberto Quarta,Lisa Toto,Matteo Gironi,Maria Ludovica Ruggeri,Agbeanda Aharrh-Gnama,Annamaria Porreca,Lucio Zeppa,Matteo Di Censo,Pierpaolo Ferrante,Marta Di Nicola,Rodolfo Mastropasqua","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-327109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-327109","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo explore macular pigment optical density (MPOD) dynamics in stage 2 and stage 3 epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and to evaluate its pre and postoperative modifications. Furthermore, the study assessed the potential of MPOD as a prognostic biomarker in ERM management.METHODSA cohort of stage 2 (n=21) and 3 (n=20) ERM patients, matched for age and gender, underwent clinical evaluation at baseline and postoperative follow-up. Correlations between MPOD and optical coherence tomography parameters were analysed within each group.RESULTSPostoperative MPOD levels significantly differed between stage 2 and 3 ERM patients (p=0.027). Changes in MPOD over time (ΔMPOD) were significantly greater in stage 3 compared with stage 2 participants (p=0.018). In stage 2, ΔMPOD correlated with changes in best-corrected visual acuity (ΔBCVA) (r=0.398, p=0.074) and demonstrated a strong correlation with changes in outer nuclear layer thickness (r=0.672, p<0.001). In stage 3, ΔMPOD exhibited a significant negative correlation with changes in central foveal thickness (r=-0.547, p=0.013) and a positive correlation with ΔBCVA (r=0.510, p=0.022).CONCLUSIONSMPOD exhibited stage-specific dynamics and significant postoperative changes. Correlation between ΔMPOD and ΔBCVA in both stages highlights its potential role as a prognostic functional biomarker.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inherited retinal disease pathway in the UK: a patient perspective and the potential of AI.","authors":"Wendy Wong, Dayyanah Sumodhee, Tiyi Morris, Bhavna Tailor, Catherine Hollyhead, William A Woof, Stephen Archer, Carl Veal, Loy Lobo, Saoud Al-Khuzaei, Malena Daich Varela, Thales A C de Guimaraes, Manuel Gomes, Mital Shah, Mariya Moosajee, Susan M Downes, Savita Madhusudhan, Omar A Mahroo, Andrew R Webster, Michel Michaelides, Nikolas Pontikos","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-327074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-327074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are the leading cause of blindness in young people in the UK. Despite significant improvements in genomics medicine, the diagnosis of these conditions remains challenging, and around 40% do not receive a definite genetic diagnosis after extensive genetic testing. This survey aims to investigate the experience of individuals affected by IRDs, their relatives, friends and caregivers, focusing on their care and diagnostic journey. Additionally, it explores the potential acceptability of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as Eye2Gene, that predict causative genes from retinal images of patients with IRDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional survey included Likert scale and open-ended questions and was distributed electronically using the Qualtrics platform between April and August 2024. The survey included questions on respondent demographics; their journey to receive specialist care and genetic testing; their information needs and their attitude towards AI-augmented diagnosis. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to interpret the survey responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey had 247 responses, of which 242 were analysed after removing four duplicates and one without consent; 80.2% were patients and the remainder were relatives, friends or caregivers. There was substantial variability in patient diagnostic journeys in terms of waiting times to see a specialist (IQR, 1-4 years), commute required (IQR, 10-74 miles) and number of visits to reach a diagnosis (IQR, 2-4). A substantial proportion of patients (35.8%) had a change in diagnosis. The majority of respondents (>90%) were overwhelmingly in favour of the integration of AI into the IRD pathway to accelerate genetic diagnosis and improve care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This survey identifies several key gaps and disparities in the IRD care pathway which may potentially be bridged with AI. The survey also reveals a favourable attitude towards incorporating AI into diagnostic testing of IRDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-automated screening reveals patients with glaucoma-induced blindness missing out on social support: a cross-sectional study of certificate of visual impairment allocation","authors":"Arun James Thirunavukarasu, Nikhil Jain, Helmut C Y Yu, George Nishimura, Ansh Tandon, Hamid Butt, Rohan Sanghera, Rupert R A Bourne","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326745","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims Many countries provide social support to patients with severe sight impairment (blindness). In the UK, these benefits require a certificate of visual impairment (CVI) which requires referral by a consultant ophthalmologist. Many eligible patients do not receive a CVI due to personal choice or lack of consideration or communication by their doctor. This study investigated the frequency and reasons for missed certification in glaucoma. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey was undertaken of all patients with glaucoma attending a tertiary referral clinic over a 12-month period. Semi-automated screening using objective visual acuity and perimetry parameters was facilitated by a web application, GFDC (Glaucoma Field Defect Classifier). CVI-eligible patients’ records were analysed to determine the reasons for missed registration, including incorrect screening classification. Results Of 5620 individual patients consulted, 919 were classified as sight impaired, and 64 were classified as severely sight impaired (blind). Of the patients classified as blind, 7 (11%) were misclassified, and 36 (56%) were on the CVI register already. 21 of 57 eligible patients with glaucoma-induced blindness (37%) were unregistered. Reasons for missed registration included administrative failure (23.8%), lack of consent (9.5%), reversible visual impairment (19.0%), frailty and comorbidity (71.4%), and mental health diagnoses (38.1%). Conclusion A semi-automated algorithm can be used to screen large numbers of patients for CVI eligibility due to blindness. Many eligible patients are not registered, with risk factors including frailty, comorbidity and reversible causes of visual impairment. This algorithm could be used to prompt ophthalmologists to consider registration or used as an alternative referral mechanism. Screening for CVI-eligible patients with an objective algorithm may ameliorate the inequity associated with subjective and variable decision-making. Data are available upon reasonable request. Available upon request to the corresponding author.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with diplopia before and after orbital blowout fracture reconstruction","authors":"Hiroaki Oku, Akihide Watanabe, Saul N Rajak, Tomomichi Nakayama, Akiko Yoneda, Kengo Yoshii, Chie Sotozono","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327299","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims To ascertain factors associated with persistent diplopia after orbital fracture reconstruction. Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed 798 cases with depressed fragment fracture at the Department of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital between January 2009 and November 2023. The restriction of extraocular movements and diplopia was assessed using the Hess area ratio (HAR). The factors for HAR% ≥85% before surgery and 6 months after surgery were assessed. Results Of the 798 cases in this study, 437 cases (54.8%) had an HAR% of ≥85%, and 361 cases (45.2%) had an HAR% of <85% before surgery. Age ≤18 years old (p=0.017), orbital tissue herniation volume <median (p=0.001), absence of extra-ocular muscle deviation (p<0.001) and medial wall (vs medial wall and orbital floor with strut fracture; p<0.001) were found to be associated with HAR% ≥85% before surgery. Of the 332 cases treated with surgery, 272 cases (81.9%) were HAR% ≥85%, and 60 cases (18.1%) were HAR%<85% after surgery. Age ≤18 years old (p=0.011), male (p=0.014), absence of extra-ocular muscle deviation (p=0.002) and medial wall (vs medial wall and orbital floor with strut fracture; p=0.002) were found to be associated with HAR% ≥85% at 6 months post surgery. Conclusion Patients of younger age, male and those with absence of extraocular muscle deviation have better eye movements in the affected eye (increased HAR%) 6 months after surgery. Data sharing not applicable as no datasets generated and/or analysed for this study. No data are available.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the effect of physical activity on intraocular pressure using a novel implanted telemetric pressure sensor","authors":"Vincenzo Pennisi, Jacqueline J O N van den Bosch, Anna Neustaeter, Angela Ehmer, Hagen Thieme, Michael B Hoffmann, Lars Choritz","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2023-324034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2023-324034","url":null,"abstract":"Background Due to technical limitations of commonly used tonometry devices, the effects of physical exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP) have never been studied during exercise. This study continuously monitored IOP variations in patients with glaucoma during physical exercise using an implanted IOP microsensor. Methods In total, 10 participants (six male and four female) with open-angle glaucoma (age range: 67–79), previously implanted with an IOP sensor, were included. We monitored IOP telemetrically during a 10 min session on a bicycle ergometer with a stepwise power increase from 0 to 75 W, in 25 W increments, at 2 min intervals. We also recorded IOP during the 2 min resting period after the exercise compared with resting baseline before exercise. Results The average IOP increased from 15.4±1.3 mm Hg at rest to 18.0±1.3 mm Hg at 75 W and returned to 14.4±1.0 mm Hg during the resting period after exercise. During the resting period after the activity, average IOP reduced below baseline in 8 out of 10 patients (ΔIOP=−0.98±0.57 mm Hg, p=0.12). Both systolic blood pressure and heart rate were highly correlated with IOP during the exercise (R²=0.997, p=0.002 and R²=0.986, p=0.007, respectively). Conclusions In our study, IOP, heart rate and blood pressure increased and decreased with physical intensity, suggesting these parameters are closely linked and potentially driven by a common mechanism during aerobic exercise. Further studies with larger patient groups are warranted to better understand the mechanisms involved. Data are available upon reasonable request. Not applicable.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At a glance","authors":"Frank Larkin","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327610","url":null,"abstract":"Statistically significant worsening of myopia progression was observed in children after COVID-19 home confinement. Elementary school age children demonstrated the greatest increase in myopia prevalence. Low myopia patients demonstrated the greatest change in mean spherical equivalent. Using handheld swept source optical coherence tomography, markers of foveal immaturity, including shallower foveal angle, higher inner retinal fovea/parafovea ratio, and larger retinal cross-sectional area, were associated with more severe retinopathy of prematurity. This study proposes a standard framework to assess quality of OCT images of the lacrimal gland, highlighting the impact of dry eye disease and intraocular pressure on image quality. Conjunctival flap surgery followed by staged …","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of mental health comorbidities on the effect of cataract surgery on dementia risk: a real-world retrospective cohort study","authors":"Shih-Kai Kao, Ming-Pei Yueh, Huan-Jui Yeh, Hui-Chen Cheng","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327134","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cataract surgery has been shown to reduce the risk of developing dementia in the future; however, its impact on different dementia subtypes, including vascular dementia, remains unknown. Moreover, its dementia-protecting effect among cataract patients with common mental disorder (CMD) remains unclear. Methods Patients aged 65 or older diagnosed with cataract between 2012 and 2021 were included and grouped based on whether they underwent cataract surgery within 1 year of diagnosis. Propensity-score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics, and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess dementia incidence within 5 years post-cataract between groups. Subgroup analyses were performed based on CMD status. Results After propensity-score matching, 75 757 patients were included in both surgery and control groups. Cataract surgery significantly reduced dementia risk (HR=0.677, 95% CI =0.638 to 0.719, p<0.001), particularly for Alzheimer’s disease (HR=0.643, 95% CI=0.576 to 0.716, p<0.001), with no significant effect on vascular dementia (HR=0.968, 95% CI=0.851 to 1.101, p=0.621). Subgroup analyses showed a significant reduction in dementia risk for patients without CMD (HR=0.666, 95% CI=0.624 to 0.710, p<0.001), but no protective effect in those with CMD, regardless of CMD status. Conclusion Cataract surgery is linked to a lower risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease, in patients with cataract. However, this protective effect is diminished in those with CMD. The data supporting this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}