{"title":"Evaluation of visual function and OCT parameters in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy: a longitudinal study","authors":"Gaurav Sachdeva, Rebika Dhiman, Dharam Raj, Gandepalli Lavanya, Anant Mohan, Amar Pujari, Swati Phuljhele, Rohit Saxena","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327475","url":null,"abstract":"Aims To evaluate structural and visual functional parameters in ethambutol-related toxic optic neuropathy (EON). Methods In this prospective study, we recruited 95 adults with EON presenting within 1 month of onset and 100 age-matched healthy controls. Best-corrected visual acuity (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart), colour vision (Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates), contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson chart), Humphrey visual field analysis (HVF 30–2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm-FAST), visual evoked response and spectral domain optical coherence tomography for macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and papillomacular bundle (PMB) analyses were done at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results Almost 52% eyes showed significant visual improvement of ≥ 2 Snellen lines after stopping the drug. RNFL (cases-100.84±21.87 µm vs controls-98.05±7.21 µm; p=0.37) and PMB thickness (cases-51.10±17.26 µm vs controls-53.45±6.42 µm; p=0.19) in cases were comparable with controls at baseline, but showed significant thinning at 6 months follow-up (RNFL −83.77±21.06 µm; PMB-30.96±11.02 µm; p<0.0001 for both). Average GC-IPL thickness (cases-29.66±6.86 µm; controls-39.68±2.59 µm) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL) volume (cases-0.85±0.17 mm3; controls-1.08±0.069 mm3) was significantly less as compared with controls (p<0.0001 for all) at baseline and showed significant further deterioration on follow-up (p<0.001 for all). The average GC-IPL thickness (p value :<0.0001, r:−0.31), GCL volume (p value :<0.000, r:−0.29) and PMB thickness (p value :0.043, r:−0.14) showed a significant negative correlation with final vision at 6 months. Conclusion Progressive structural damage despite visual improvement raises concern about the irreversible nature of EON. PMB, GC-IPL thickness and GCL volume are better predictors of visual recovery in EON. Data are available in a public, open access repository. Not applicable.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjing Wang, Jun Chen, Wei Gong, Yating Yang, Fengge Wang, Jinliuxing Yang, Linlin Du, Yuchen Du, Sichen Liu, Bo Zhang, Ling Wang, Xun Xu, Xiangui He
{"title":"Association between building density and screening myopia in children and adolescents: a 5-year longitudinal study from China","authors":"Jingjing Wang, Jun Chen, Wei Gong, Yating Yang, Fengge Wang, Jinliuxing Yang, Linlin Du, Yuchen Du, Sichen Liu, Bo Zhang, Ling Wang, Xun Xu, Xiangui He","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327439","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study explored the relationship between school-level built environment factors (building density and height) and myopia prevalence. Methods In all 16 districts of Shanghai, students from public schools and kindergartens underwent visual acuity testing and non-cycloplegic refraction between 2019 and 2023. Building density and height within 500-metre and 1,000-metre buffers around the schools were obtained using GIS (Geographic Information System)-based spatial and network analyses from the Tianditu database. Demographic and behavioural covariates, such as age, gender, outdoor activity time and near-work time, were collected through questionnaires. Logistic mixed-effect models were used to analyse the association between the building environment and myopia, adjusting for relevant demographic and behavioural factors. Results Data from 8 647 375 participants were analysed, with 1 116 851 followed consistently. The myopia rate among students was significantly higher during 2020–2021 compared with 2019, 2022 and 2023 (p<0.05). Myopia was more prevalent in students aged 6 to 12, with a higher average age for myopic individuals (8.13 vs 6.64 years). The average building density was higher at schools of myopic students (15.70%) versus non-myopic students (14.90%) (p<0.001). Building density near schools was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent (p<0.05), while no significant association was found with building height. The risk of myopia increased with higher building density (OR: 1.143–1.202, p<0.05), particularly in boys over 12 years old. A stronger association was observed in inner suburban areas (p<0.001). Conclusions Prolonged exposure to high building density may accelerate myopia progression. Urban planning should consider vision health, with regulations on building density near schools to reduce myopia risk. Data are available upon reasonable request. After publication of this study, study protocols, statistical code and requested questionnaire data may be made available to interested investigators after approval of Shanghai eye disease prevention and treatment centre. NDVI data can be modelled from Landsat satellite data. Linked electronic eye health records require separate permission from the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabian Yii, Niall Strang, Miguel O Bernabeu, Baljean Dhillon, Tom MacGillivray, Ian J C MacCormick
{"title":"Epidemiology of pathologic myopia in UK adults with high myopia","authors":"Fabian Yii, Niall Strang, Miguel O Bernabeu, Baljean Dhillon, Tom MacGillivray, Ian J C MacCormick","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326889","url":null,"abstract":"Aims To conduct the first cross-sectional epidemiological investigation of pathologic myopia (PM) in UK adults with high myopia. Methods Fundus photographs of 3024 highly myopic eyes (spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤−5.00D) from 2000 randomly sampled adults (aged 40–70 years) in the UK Biobank were double graded by an ophthalmic reading centre using the Meta-analysis for Pathologic Myopia framework. Adjudication was performed by one of two retinal specialists. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to explore potential risk factors and fundus biomarkers—initially adjusting for SER, age and sex, before including these and other variables with p<0.10 in a single model. Results PM was present in 1138 of 3006 gradable fundus photographs, with 41.7% (95% CI 39.5% to 43.9%) of participants affected in at least one eye graded. Most eyes with PM exhibited diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (97.4%), while the more severe stages—patchy chorioretinal atrophy and macular atrophy—were observed in only 24 and 5 eyes, respectively. 13 eyes had ‘plus’ lesions or suspected staphyloma. Factors independently associated with increased odds of PM (all p<0.05) included decreasing SER (adjusted OR: 0.22, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.32), older age (2.20, 1.63 to 2.97), female sex (1.87, 1.12 to 3.12), lower deprivation (0.73, 0.56 to 0.94), white ethnicity (52.3, 17.3 to 158.3), lower retinal arteriovenous ratio (0.47, 0.37 to 0.58), increased retinal vascular complexity (4.68, 3.22 to 6.81) and a relatively horizontal disc orientation (2.98, 1.88 to 4.72). None of the explored modifiable lifestyle or health-related variables were associated with PM. Conclusions PM prevalence is high among mid-life adults with high myopia in the UK Biobank, although most cases are relatively mild (diffuse chorioretinal atrophy). The only modifiable risk factor identified is myopia severity. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. This research was conducted using data from the UK Biobank under project ID 90655. Bona fide researchers can apply for access at <https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/enable-your-research/apply-for-access>. The source code for all analyses described herein is openly available at [github.com/fyii200/UKbiobankPM][1]. [1]: https://github.com/fyii200/UKbiobankPM","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corneal multifocality after penetrating keratoplasty or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty is associated with intraocular lens power calculation error","authors":"Yuki Shiraishi, Enchi K Chang, Yukari Yagi-Yaguchi, Yuma Kayama, Yuki Kusano, Daisuke Tomida, So Goto, Tjundewo Lawu, Vishal Jhanji, Takefumi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327868","url":null,"abstract":"Aim The purpose of this study is to investigate the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and to identify the causes of predictive errors (PEs) in relation to the subjective keratometric (K) value (SK) in eyes with corneal multifocality. Methods This retrospective study included 74 eyes that underwent cataract surgery after PK or DALK. PEs were compared between SRK/T, Haigis, Barrett Universal II (BUII) and Kane formulas. In 27 eyes with postoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) data, SKs were calculated based on postoperative refraction, IOL position, IOL power and axial length using Zemax. This was compared with K values obtained using AS-OCT. Results Mean absolute PE was 1.50±1.60 dioptre in SRK/T, 1.96±1.80 in Haigis, 1.84±1.71 in BUII and 1.83±1.86 in Kane. SK was significantly correlated with true K (TK) (r=0.86, p<0.001). The difference between SK and TK showed a significant correlation with PE in SRK/T (r=0.53, p=0.001). The PE in SRK/T was modelled as a function of the change in preoperative and postoperative K values as well as the difference between TK and SK, with significant improvement in the PE after factoring in these parameters. Conclusions Multifocal corneas, such as those after PK or DALK, may have SK values that differ significantly from K values obtained from AS-OCT. Therefore, traditional IOL formulas that use standard K values may lead to a refractive surprise after cataract surgery. Data are available upon reasonable request. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request. The data are not publicly available due to them containing information that could compromise research participant privacy/consent.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanil Joseph, Yueye Wang, Jocelyn J Drinkwater, Catherine Lingxue Jan, Balagiri Sundar, Zhuoting Zhu, Xianwen Shang, Jacqueline Henwood, Katerina Kiburg, Malcolm Clark, Richard J MacIsaac, Angus W Turner, Peter Van Wijngaarden, Thulasiraj D Ravilla, Ming Guang He
{"title":"Effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based diabetic retinopathy screening in primary care and endocrinology settings in Australia: a pragmatic trial","authors":"Sanil Joseph, Yueye Wang, Jocelyn J Drinkwater, Catherine Lingxue Jan, Balagiri Sundar, Zhuoting Zhu, Xianwen Shang, Jacqueline Henwood, Katerina Kiburg, Malcolm Clark, Richard J MacIsaac, Angus W Turner, Peter Van Wijngaarden, Thulasiraj D Ravilla, Ming Guang He","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327447","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To investigate the diagnostic accuracy, feasibility and end-user experiences of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based, automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening model in real-world, Australian primary care and endocrinology clinics. Methods In a pragmatic trial conducted across five sites including general practice and endocrinology clinics, from August 2021 to June 2023, patients aged ≥50 years, and those aged ≥18 years with diabetes were screened using an AI-integrated, non-mydriatic fundus camera. The AI instantly analysed the retinal images for referable DR. Patients detected with referable DR or ungradable images were referred to eyecare professionals. The accuracy of the AI grading was assessed against gold standard human grading. A satisfaction survey was administered among the participants and care providers. Results Among 863 participants enrolled (mean (SD) age: 62.6 (13.2) years; 53.0% women), the AI system achieved high accuracy of 93.3% (95% CI: 91.4% to 95.5%) for referable DR detection, with a sensitivity of 83.7% (95% CI: 78.2% to 88.3%), specificity of 96.1% (95% CI: 94.7% to 97.2%) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.899 (95% CI: 0.874 to 0.924). The proportion of ungradable images was lower according to the AI grading (13.4%) compared with human grading (15.6%). Most patients (86%) and care providers (85%) expressed high satisfaction with the AI system. Conclusions The AI-assisted DR screening model was accurate and well received by patients and staff in Australian primary care and endocrinology clinics. This opportunistic screening model holds promise for enhancing early DR detection in non-eyecare settings, potentially preventing vision loss due to DR on a considerable scale. Data are available on reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and risk of retinal artery occlusion and ischaemic stroke: a cross-cohort study.","authors":"Yaxin Wang, Xiayin Zhang, Anyi Liang, Yongyi Niu, Daiyu Chen, Zijing Du, Wei Wu, Feng Zhang, Guanrong Wu, Ying Fang, Xianwen Shang, Zhuoting Zhu, Yijun Hu, Xiangjun Chen, Honghua Yu, Lidan Hu","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2023-325044","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjo-2023-325044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Previous studies have suggested an association between retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and ischaemic stroke (IS), both associated with elevated inflammatory factors. However, the role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the sequential onset of these two diseases is still unclear. Based on this evidence, we evaluated the association of hs-CRP with RAO and IS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined hs-CRP from both the large multicentre cohort study UK Biobank and Chinese Retinal Artery Occlusion study. Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the association of hs-CRP with incident RAO and IS during the long-term follow-up in the UK Biobank. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the cross-sectional relationship between hs-CRP with RAO and IS in the Chinese cohort. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) approach was employed to evaluate potential non-linear associations of hs-CRP with IS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After exclusions, the analysis included 459 188 participants from the UK and 338 participants from China. Over a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 136 cases of incident RAO and 3206 cases of incident IS events were recorded in the UK Biobank. After multivariable adjustment, higher hs-CRP (per 10 mg/L) level was associated with increased risks of RAO (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.76) and IS (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.33). RCS analysis revealed a significant non-linear relationship between hs-CRP levels and incident IS (P<sub>non-linear</sub><0.001). Furthermore, RAO patients with higher hs-CRP levels were more likely to be combined with IS (2.81 mg/L vs 10.14 mg/L, p<0.001). In the Chinese cohort, the association between hs-CRP with RAO and IS was further confirmed. Higher hs-CRP (per 1 mg/L) level was associated with increased risks of RAO (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.78) and IS (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore hs-CRP as a robust risk factor for both RAO and IS. Controlling hs-CRP levels might reduce the incidence of RAO and secondary stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1081-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zilun Shao, Aolin Li, Jun Lv, Canqing Yu, Lang Pan, Pei Pei, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Yilei Li, Dan Schmidt, Maxim Barnard, Hubert Lam, Fiona Bragg, Junshi Chen, Zhengming Chen, Liming Li, Huaidong Du, Dianjianyi Sun
{"title":"Patterns and correlates of visual impairment and ocular hypertension among older adults in the general Chinese population: results from the CKB Biobank","authors":"Zilun Shao, Aolin Li, Jun Lv, Canqing Yu, Lang Pan, Pei Pei, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Yilei Li, Dan Schmidt, Maxim Barnard, Hubert Lam, Fiona Bragg, Junshi Chen, Zhengming Chen, Liming Li, Huaidong Du, Dianjianyi Sun","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326620","url":null,"abstract":"Background While numerous ophthalmology-specific cohort studies have been conducted in China, there is a significant lack of comprehensive, population-based study on the potential determinants of visual impairment and ocular hypertension (OHT) in the general Chinese population. Methods In the 2020–2021 resurvey of the China Kadoorie Biobank study, ~25 000 randomly selected participants from 10 diverse localities (5 urban and 5 rural) were surveyed. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) was measured using the Random E eye chart and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a handheld Icare (ic100) tonometer. Associations of sociodemographic and other factors with risks of visual impairment and OHT were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among the 24 613 (aged 45–95 years, 64.4% women) participants, 21.8% had visual impairment (PVA <0.50) and 18.4% had OHT (IOP >18.6 mm Hg). The prevalence rate of visual impairment increased dramatically with age (49.3% in those ≥75 years vs 8.9% in those <55 years), but an opposite trend was observed for OHT. Risks of these two eye conditions were both inversely associated with household income and fish consumption but positively with systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. Higher education was associated with a higher OHT risk but not with visual impairment. Body mass index was inversely associated with visual impairment but positively with OHT. Age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma were most strongly associated with risk of visual impairment, followed by cataract. Conclusion The relatively high prevalence rates of poor vision and OHT in China suggest that well-targeted public health interventions should be developed. Data are available upon reasonable request. The access policy and procedures are available at [www.ckbiobank.org][1]. [1]: https://www.ckbiobank.org/","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanze Yu, Hao Chen, Zhe Zhang, Yuhao Ye, Yang Shen, Ye Xu, Ke Zheng, Xiaoying Wang, Yingnan Jia, Xingtao Zhou, Jing Zhao
{"title":"Risk factors for rapid axial length growth in a prospective cohort study of 3-year to 9-year-old Chinese children.","authors":"Yanze Yu, Hao Chen, Zhe Zhang, Yuhao Ye, Yang Shen, Ye Xu, Ke Zheng, Xiaoying Wang, Yingnan Jia, Xingtao Zhou, Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326261","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To identify factors contributing to rapid axial length (AL) growth in children aged 3-9 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four thousand four hundred thirty-five children were followed from 2019 to 2022. AL and corneal curvature were measured using an IOLMaster 500, while refractometry and visual acuity were also assessed. Baseline data included demographics and parental myopia status, with annual updates on height, weight and behavioural factors. Latent class growth model was used to discover AL trajectories, whereas multiple logistic regression was used to identify determinants of rapid AL elongation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For all participants, baseline age and parental myopia influenced AL growth. Specifically, children aged 3-6 years exhibited faster AL elongation when engaging in persistent excessive homework time (OR, 2.86, 95% CI 1.31 to 6.95) and near-work activities (OR, 2.13, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.10). For the 7-9-year group, the risk factors of rapid AL growth included being female (OR, 2.05, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.90) and need myopia correction at baseline (OR, 3.19, 95% CI 2.02 to 5.02). Notably, actively engaging in outdoor activities had a protective effect in the 7-9-year group (OR, 0.65, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study delineates AL growth trajectories in children aged 3-9 years and highlights distinct risk factors for rapid AL growth. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing age-specific strategies for myopia prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1064-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiu Juan Zhang, Yuzhou Zhang, You Juan Zhang, Jun Yu, Fang Yao Tang, Yi Li, Suey Yeung, Ka Wai Kam, Kunal Agrawal, Nicholas Chieh Loh, Patrick Ip, Ian Ck Wong, Wei Zhang, Alvin L Young, Clement C Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Li Jia Chen, Jason C Yam
{"title":"Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a protective factor of myopia: the Hong Kong Children Eye Study.","authors":"Xiu Juan Zhang, Yuzhou Zhang, You Juan Zhang, Jun Yu, Fang Yao Tang, Yi Li, Suey Yeung, Ka Wai Kam, Kunal Agrawal, Nicholas Chieh Loh, Patrick Ip, Ian Ck Wong, Wei Zhang, Alvin L Young, Clement C Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Li Jia Chen, Jason C Yam","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326872","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the associations between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and other dietary factors with myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1005 Chinese children, aged from 6 to 8 years, from a population-based Hong Kong Children Eye Study, were included in the analysis. Diet was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) refraction was assessed with an autorefractometer, and axial length (AL) by an IOL Master.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AL was longest in the lowest quartile group of ω-3 PUFAs intake, compared with the highest (adjusted mean (95% CI), 23.29 (23.17 to 23.40) mm vs 23.08 (22.96 to 23.19) mm, p=0.01; p-trend=0.02) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, near-work time, outdoor time, and parental myopia history. The corresponding trends were observed in SE (-0.13 (-0.32 to 0.07) D in the lowest and 0.23 (0.03 to 0.42) D in the highest quartile groups, p=0.01; p-trend=0.01). In contrast, AL was longest in the highest quartile group of saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake, compared with the lowest (23.30 (23.17 to 23.42) mm vs 23.13 (23.01 to 23.24) mm, p=0.05; p-trend=0.04). The corresponding trends were observed in SE (-0.12 (-0.33 to 0.09) D in the highest and 0.13 (-0.04 to 0.31) D in the lowest quartile group, p=0.06; p-trend=0.04). A lower intake of ω-3 PUFAs was associated with myopia (p-trend=0.006). None of the other nutrients were associated with SE or AL or myopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intake of ω-3 PUFAs is a protective factor against myopia, while higher SFA intake is a risk factor. Our findings indicated a possible effect of diet on myopia, of which ω-3 PUFAs intake may play a protective role against myopia development in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy C K Tan, Colin Clement, Paul Healey, Ridia Lim, Andrew White, Joshua Yuen, Ashish Agar, Mitchell Lawlor
{"title":"Long-term comparative outcomes of Hydrus versus iStent inject microinvasive glaucoma surgery implants combined with cataract surgery.","authors":"Jeremy C K Tan, Colin Clement, Paul Healey, Ridia Lim, Andrew White, Joshua Yuen, Ashish Agar, Mitchell Lawlor","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327359","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the long-term effectiveness of combined phacoemulsification and Hydrus microstent (phaco-Hydrus) versus iStent inject (phaco-iStent) using microinvasive glaucoma surgery-specific surgical success definitions in a large observational cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study of eyes in the Fight Glaucoma Blindness registry that underwent phaco-Hydrus or phaco-iStent with a minimum of 48 months follow-up. The prespecified primary endpoint was ≥20% intraocular pressure (IOP) decrease and IOP ≤21 mm Hg or ≥1 medication reduction versus baseline at 48 months with no preoperative washout. Propensity score matching of baseline covariates was used to examine outcomes in a subcohort (matched cohort).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>431 eyes (98 phaco-Hydrus: 331 phaco-iStent) were included in the overall cohort and 177 eyes (59 phaco-Hydrus: 118 phaco-iStent) in the matched cohort. There was no significant difference in the rate of surgical success between each group in achieving the primary endpoint at 48 months (adjusted overall cohort, 41.2% vs 43.0% in phaco-Hydrus vs phaco-iStent respectively, p=0.81; matched cohort, 44.1% vs 43.2%, p=0.99). There was no significant difference in degree of IOP reduction, medication reduction and adjusted secondary outcomes between the phaco-Hydrus and phaco-iStent groups in both overall and matched cohorts. The incidence of adverse events and secondary procedures was similar between both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no significant difference in surgical success between phaco-Hydrus and phaco-iStent groups at 48 months. Over 40% of eyes maintained the primary success endpoint of ≥20% IOP decrease and IOP ≤21 mm Hg or ≥1 medication reduction versus baseline without the need for secondary glaucoma surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}