British Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Augmented medial rectus recession versus botulinum toxin therapy for acute acquired comitant esotropia: analysis of outcomes and recurrence predictors","authors":"Yueping Li, Tengyue Zhang, Juan Ding, Rui Hao, Liping Chen, Fang Xie, Ping Zhu, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-328201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-328201","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To compare the motor and sensory outcomes and quality of life (QOL) of augmented medial rectus recession (aMRc) and botulinum toxin A (BTXA) therapy in acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) treatment and to investigate the predictors of recurrence. Methods We conducted a prospective, non-randomised clinical trial that enrolled 63 AACE patients with a disease course of 6 months to 2 years and deviation angles of 15 to 60 prism diopters. The patients were assigned to BTXA (n=31) and aMRc group (n=32). We compared and analysed the deviation angles, fusion amplitudes (FA) of convergence and divergence, stereopsis, and scores of QOL and diplopia between the two groups before treatment and at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Results Both groups exhibited significant improvements in motor and sensory outcomes. The aMRc group showed more stable and satisfactory deviation than the BTXA group at 6 and 12 months post-treatment, with a significant increase in divergent FA. The aMRc group achieved a higher success rate (93.75%) than the BTXA group (64.52%) 1 year post-treatment. QOL improved significantly in both groups after treatment, except for reading function in the BTXA group. Compared with the BTXA group, the aMRc group showed greater improvements in self-perception, general function, and diplopia scores (p<0.05). Survival analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.0046). Treatment method and convergent FA at near before treatment were identified as recurrence predictors (p=0.023 and 0.025). Conclusions Augmented MRc treatment was superior to BTXA injection in AACE patients with courses >6 months during 1-year observation, particularly in maintaining alignment, eliminating diplopia and improving divergent FA and QOL. Trial registration number ChiCTR2300068735. Data are available upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At a glance","authors":"Daniel F P Larkin","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-328552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-328552","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a marked change in the prevalence and distribution of refraction between the parents and children. These changes have occurred in parallel with markedly increased educational commitments and decreased time outdoors for children. This international consensus study, involving 35 experts, represents the first global collaborative effort to standardise a corneal and ocular surface disease dataset for use in clinical practice and electronic health records. Keratoscope-guided graft-host junction opening effectively treats high astigmatism after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. It improves visual acuity by reducing keratometric astigmatism, with vectorial analysis confirming accurate on-axis correction. This offers a reliable alternative to standard techniques. Eyes with lens thickness≥5 mm …","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preperimetric glaucoma: conversion to primary open-angle glaucoma in a 10-year follow-up.","authors":"Jaekyoung Lee,Young Kook Kim,Ki Ho Park,Jin Wook Jeoung","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-327048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-327048","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND/AIMSTo investigate the clinical course of preperimetric open-angle glaucoma (PPG) over follow-up period exceeding 10 years and to identify factors associated with conversion to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).METHODSA total of 124 eyes from 124 PPG patients, followed for more than 10 years, were included. Progression was defined as either structural or functional deterioration. Cox proportional hazard modelling was employed to identify factors for progression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare cumulative progression probability in PPG patients with or without optic disc haemorrhage (DH).RESULTSAmong the PPG subjects included, 44 eyes (35.5%) converted to POAG, with a mean deviation change of -0.39±0.64 dB/year over a mean follow-up of 12.2±4.2 years. The mean time to conversion was 5.3±2.2 years. Within the conversion group, 30 eyes (68.2%) exhibited functional progression, 23 eyes (52.3%) showed structural progression and nine eyes (20.5%) demonstrated both. Factors significantly associated with glaucoma progression were migraine/headache (HR=2.19, p=0.012), reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP; HR=0.75, p=0.009), and disc haemorrhage (DH; HR=3.78, p<0.001). Notably, patients with DH exhibited higher cumulative probability of progression compared with those without DH (p=0.017).CONCLUSIONSThis study of PPG with more than 10 years of follow-up demonstrates a substantial proportion (35.5%) converting to POAG, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring in these patients. PPG with insufficient IOP reduction and DH was associated with significantly higher cumulative probability of progression, emphasising its prognostic significance in PPG patients.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for macular complications in large solitary peripheral retinal capillary haemangiomas: a multimodal imaging study.","authors":"Xiaonan Zhuang,FengJuan Gao,Jie Hong,Rui Jiang,Yi Xuan,Yao Zhou,Xiaofeng Ye,Min Wang,Qing Chang,Gezhi Xu,Xin Huang,Wei Liu","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-328147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-328147","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo characterise the clinical and multimodal imaging features of large solitary peripheral retinal capillary haemangiomas (RCHs) and identify risk factors for distinct macular complications.METHODSIn this cross-sectional study, eyes with a large (>1.5 mm) solitary peripheral RCH were included and stratified into three groups according to macular status: RCH with macular sparing (RCH-MS), with macular exudation (RCH-ME) and with macular traction (RCH-MT). Demographic, clinical and multimodal imaging data were collected and compared. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors.RESULTSAmong 69 eyes, 16 were classified as RCH-MS, 33 as RCH-ME and 20 as RCH-MT. Compared with RCH-MS, RCH-ME and RCH-MT exhibited significantly worse visual acuity. Multivariable analysis revealed that RCH-MT was associated with greater tumour-to-foveola distance (OR 1.347, 95% CI 1.024 to 1.771) and higher prevalence of fibrovascular proliferation overlying the RCH (OR 14.371, 95% CI 1.622 to 127.301). Feeding artery dilation was significantly associated with RCH-ME (OR 17.392, 95% CI 2.121 to 142.627) and worse visual acuity (β=0.374, 95% CI 0.023 to 0.724). Feeding artery beading was inversely associated with RCH-ME (OR 0.057, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.552) and correlated with better visual outcome (β=-0.472, 95% CI -0.894 to -0.051).CONCLUSIONSThe macular status of large solitary peripheral RCHs is influenced by tumour location, fibrovascular proliferation and feeding artery characteristics. These findings highlight the predictive value of multimodal imaging for macular involvement and visual outcomes and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying RCH-associated macular exudation and traction.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic influences on intergenerational refractive error shifts and extreme myopia.","authors":"Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, Jefferson James Doyle","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-328322","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjo-2025-328322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1091-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of tear and blood cytokines in chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease","authors":"Wenhui Wang, Zijing Li, Kezhi Huang, Simin Gu, Chong Zhou, Yun Yu, Yichi Zhang, Jianhui Xiao","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-328165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-328165","url":null,"abstract":"Aims To assess cytokine levels in peripheral blood and tears of patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods We reviewed the data of patients who underwent allo-HSCT between October 2020 and August 2021. The patients were divided into chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (coGVHD) and non-coGVHD groups. The corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scores, fluorescein tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT) scores and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores were collected. The peripheral blood and tear were collected and the cytokine (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, IFN-γ, ICAM-1, Fas, Fas ligand, SOD1, SOD2 and MMP9) levels detected. The cytokine levels between the two groups and the relationship between blood and tear cytokine levels were analysed. Results Thirty-four patients were enrolled in the study, 19 of whom were diagnosed with coGVHD. The CFS scores of the coGVHD group were significantly higher than the non-coGVHD group, and the BUT and SIT in the coGVHD group were significantly lower than the non-coGVHD groups. No differences were found in the cytokines in the blood between the two groups, but the levels of cytokines in the tears of coGVHD patients were significantly higher than those in the tears of non-coGVHD patients. No significant linear correlation was detected between cytokines in blood and tears. Conclusion Cytokines related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were highly expressed in the tears of coGVHD patients, but not in peripheral blood, which highlights the significance of regular ophthalmologic examination and local treatment in GVHD patients. Data are available upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoreceptor layer thickness in age-related macular degeneration: the Beijing Eye Study","authors":"Jost B Jonas, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Zhe Pan, Xiaodong Wu, Ya Xing Wang","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326734","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To assess the photoreceptor layer thickness and its associations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study without optic nerve or retinal diseases (except for early and intermediate AMD) were examined by optical coherence tomography of the macula. Results The study cohort was composed of 2426 participants (mean age: 62.8±9.1 years; range: 50–93 years), with 200 and 393 individuals affected by early AMD and intermediate AMD, respectively. In multivariable analysis, thickness of Henle’s fibre layer, outer nuclear layer, external limiting membrane and myoid zone (HOEM) combined was not significantly associated with AMD prevalence (beta: 0.03; p=0.08) or AMD stage (beta: 0.04; p=0.06), after adjusting for younger age (beta: −0.09; p<0.001), shorter axial length (beta: −0.07; p<0.001), thicker ellipsoid zone (EZ) (beta: 0.19; p<0.001), thicker photoreceptor outer segment (POS) layer (beta: 0.12; p<0.001), thicker subfoveal choroid (beta: 0.11; p<0.001) and thinner retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch’s membrane (RPE/BM) layer (beta: −0.17; p<0.001). Thicker EZ correlated with lower AMD prevalence (beta: −0.04; p=0.03) and lower AMD stage (beta: −0.02; p=0.02), with adjustment for older age (beta: 0.05; p=0.03), longer axial length (beta: 0.06; p=0.001), thicker HOEM (beta: 0.19; p<0.001) and thinner RPE/BM (beta: −0.31; p<0.001). Including only normal eyes and eyes with early AMD, EZ thickness was not significantly correlated with AMD prevalence (beta: −0.02; p=0.49). Thicker POS correlated with lower AMD prevalence (beta: −0.06; p<0.001) after adjusting for younger age (beta: −0.10; p<0.001), thicker HOEM (beta: 0.08; p<0.001) and thinner RPE/BM layer (beta: −0.62; p<0.001). If only normal eyes and eyes with early AMD were included, POS thickness was not significantly related to AMD prevalence (beta: −0.03; p=0.09). Conclusions Thickness of HOEM, EZ and POS was not significantly associated with the prevalence of early AMD. Data are available upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural MRI alterations in children with form-deprivation amblyopia: a propensity score-matched case-control study.","authors":"Bing Zhang,Jiayan Fang,Pingjun Chang,Zhangliang Li,Yun-E Zhao","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-328170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-328170","url":null,"abstract":"AIMSForm-deprivation amblyopia (FDAM) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder from early visual deprivation. This study uses T1-weighted MRI to explore its neuroanatomical correlates.METHODS18 Chinese children with bilateral FDAM and 36 propensity score-matched healthy Chinese controls (1-to-2 matched for age, sex and mean cortical thickness) underwent 3.0T T1-weighted MRI (1×1×1 mm³ resolution). Cortical and subcortical structures were parcellated using FreeSurfer V.7.3.2 with multiatlas (Desikan-Killiany-Tourville, Destrieux, subset Brodmann and Aseg), alongside specialised modules for thalamic nuclei and hippocampal-amygdala subfields. Linear regression models adjusted for age and sex were employed for group comparisons with Bonferroni correction.RESULTSFDAM exhibited widespread structural alterations: Primary visual deficits included right V1 thinning (p=3.60×10⁻⁴) and pericalcarine atrophy (p=1.03×10⁻⁷), with subcortical degeneration in bilateral lateral geniculate (p≤1.77×10⁻⁵) and pulvinar nuclei (p≤2.67×10⁻⁴). Language networks showed left BA44/45 atrophy (Broca's area, p≤9.19×10⁻⁹) and bilateral thinning of planum temporale (critical for auditory language, p≤9.11×10⁻⁶). Disruptions in somatosensory and cross-modal integration regions were observed, such as in somatosensory processing, as manifested by bilateral atrophy in BA3a (p≤2.62×10⁻⁴) and left BA3b (p=1.86×10⁻⁴). The cognitive control networks also exhibited thinning (eg, left inferior frontal sulcus, p=1.05×10⁻⁸). Subcortically, volume loss affected bilateral globus pallidus (p≤1.24×10⁻⁷) and thalamic nuclei (p≤1.11×10⁻⁴) and amygdalar substructures (eg, left central nucleus: p=1.22×10⁻⁷).CONCLUSIONFDAM involves multisystem neural disruptions spanning primary visual, language, somatosensory, cognitive and emotion-regulation networks. These findings highlight the disorder's complexity and motivate further mechanistic studies.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of secondary full-thickness macular holes developing after vitrectomy","authors":"Beatrice Gallo, Haseeb Akram, Francesco Maria D’Alterio, Evgenia Anikina, Haifa Madi, Nikolaos Dervenis, Colin Goudie, Imran Akram, Mikes Nomikarios, Won Young Moon, Reshma Sonsale, Philip Alexander, Pallavi Tyagi, Teresa Sandinha, David H Steel, Michael A Mikhail, Aman Chandra","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327250","url":null,"abstract":"Aim To describe the clinical features, anatomical and visual outcomes of secondary full-thickness macular holes (sFTMH) developing after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods The medical charts of patients from nine vitreoretinal services across the UK who, between 2009 and 2023, underwent PPV for different indications and subsequently developed sFTMH were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcomes were clinical features, macular hole closure rate and change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Patients with idiopathic FTMH (iFTMH) who underwent surgical repair in the same period acted as control data for optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics. Results Out of 16 939 PPV undertaken during the study period, 60 eyes of 60 patients (52% females, mean age 61.9 years) developed sFTMH, leading to an incidence of 0.4%. Median follow-up was 24.7 months. The median time from primary PPV to sFTMH diagnosis was 3 (range 0.4–81.4) months. OCT features of sFTMH were compared with 108 cases of iFTMH. Epiretinal membrane (ERM, 24.2%), epiretinal proliferation (ERP, 9.3%) and subretinal fluid cuff (53.7%) were more commonly observed in sFTMH compared with iFTMH (11.1%, p=0.03; 1.9%, p=0.03 and 33.3%, p=0.01, respectively). 10.9% of sFTMH developing after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were associated with giant-retinal tear (GRT) RRD. Single surgery success rate was 93.9%. In 3 (5%) eyes, sFTMH closed spontaneously. BCVA significantly improved from 1.0 logMAR to 0.7 logMAR at final visit. Conclusions sFTMH presented more commonly with ERM and ERP compared with iFTMH. A high incidence of GRT-related RRD was observed among the RRD cohort. Surgery achieves a closure rate of 93.9% and significant vision improvement. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"41 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing glaucoma severity in highly myopic glaucoma","authors":"Young In Shin, Young Kook Kim, Jin Wook Jeoung, Ki Ho Park","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327170","url":null,"abstract":"Aims To investigate optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in highly myopic individuals with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and their associations with glaucoma severity. Methods A total of 132 patients with highly myopic OAG (132 eyes) who underwent ophthalmic examinations between January 2022 and December 2023 were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were categorised into mild, moderate or advanced glaucoma groups based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th criteria. ONH parameters were measured, including disc area, tilt angle, β-zone and γ-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) areas and lamina cribrosa (LC) metrics. These parameters were compared across severity groups using analysis of variance. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for axial length (AXL). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to explore pathways among ONH parameters and glaucomatous damage. Results The mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma groups comprised 31, 42 and 59 patients, respectively. The mild group showed shorter AXL than the other groups (26.29 (0.85) vs 27.35 (1.35) and 27.07 (1.17) mm; p=0.001) and exhibited lower disc ovality index, tilt angle, β-zone PPA area, β-zone PPA-to-disc area ratio and PPA radial extent (all p<0.05). Multivariate regression revealed the association of β-zone PPA area with average ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness (β=−1.162, p=0.029). SEM identified a significant pathway linking disc tilt angle, LC depth, GCIPL thinning and visual field loss. Conclusion Mild group showed less ONH deformation and shorter AXL. Both regression and SEM analyses support the role of ONH structural changes—particularly β-zone PPA and disc tilt—in influencing glaucomatous damage in highly myopic eyes. Data are available upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}