British Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors for postoperative structural reversal of disc cupping in Bruch membrane opening-based morphometry of the optic nerve head for glaucoma","authors":"Florian Thomas Steinberg, Petra Schiller, Caroline Gietzelt, David Kiessling, Jan Niklas Lüke, Ludwig M Heindl, Thomas S Dietlein, Philip Enders","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327178","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To identify risk factors for changes in Bruch’s membrane opening-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters after glaucoma surgery and to evaluate duration and dynamics of structural reversal of disc cupping (SRDC) in three different types of glaucoma surgery. Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods Evaluation of 151 eyes of 151 patients who received trabeculectomy, ab-interno trabeculotomy or glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery. Dynamics of postoperative change in Bruch membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in spectral-domain OCT were assessed. Multiple linear regression models identified risk factors for occurrence and magnitude of SRDC. Results Compared with baseline, BMO-MRW increased significantly up to the 9-month follow-up (p=0.048) after surgery. A multiple regression model for all patients showed a high relative reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) (standard β=−0.272, p<0.001), an early date of follow-up ( stand β=−0.280, p<0.001) and GDD as surgical procedure (standard β=0.169, p=0.027) as significant risk factors for SRDC. Within the first 9 months after intervention, a low postoperative IOP (standard β=−0.469, p < 0.001), a young age (standard β=−0.423, p<0.001) and a short axial length (standard β=−0.235, p = 0.040) had a significant impact on the BMO-MRW increase. Conclusion In this set of patients with glaucoma undergoing different types of IOP-lowering surgery, significant SRDC was seen up to 9 months postoperatively. Risk factors for the extent of SRDC were younger age at surgery, early hypotonia or low postoperative IOP and hyperopia. Data are available upon reasonable request. Deidentified patient datasets can be requested by email from the authors.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring risk factors for axial length elongation: a population-based cohort study of 9195 eyes in Japan","authors":"Takayuki Nishimura, Hiroshi Kunikata, Naoko Takada, Makoto Ishikawa, Sayuri Tokioka, Rieko Hatanaka, Mana Kogure, Ippei Chiba, Kumi Nakaya, Taku Obara, Yoko Izumi, Akira Uruno, Satoshi Nagaie, Soichi Ogishima, Naoki Nakaya, Shinichi Kuriyama, Atsushi Hozawa, Nobuo Fuse, Toru Nakazawa","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327213","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To investigate long-term axial length (AL) changes in adults and to identify risk factors contributing to excessive AL elongation, which is associated with high myopia, we analysed a large dataset of adults without ocular pathology from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study in Japan. Methods We conducted a longitudinal investigation of 9195 participants aged ≥20 years with several years of follow-up (mean 3.5 years). Based on the upper quartile of AL elongation for people aged in their 20s, we defined AL elongation exceeding 0.033 mm per year as high AL elongation (HALE). We used multiple logistic regression analyses to assess potential risk factors for HALE. Results A longitudinal investigation revealed that AL can fluctuate and even become elongated during adulthood, particularly among middle-aged and older individuals. Notably, HALE occurred in 618 out of 9195 eyes (6.7%). The proportion in each age group, comprising people aged in their 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s, was 24.7%, 12.7%, 9.4%, 5.2%, 4.5%, 4.0% and 1.4%, respectively. In addition, we also observed that younger age (OR 1.45 per 10 years older), female gender (OR 1.63), high myopia (OR 2.74) and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels >171 IU/mL (OR 1.27) were associated with HALE. Conclusion Findings from a large prospective cohort study confirmed that in Japanese individuals, HALE was significantly associated with high serum IgE levels, as well as with younger age, female gender and pre-existing high myopia. The principal investigator, TN, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, HK, and the principal investigator, TN, upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between quantitative OCT metrics and contrast sensitivity function in retinal artery occlusion.","authors":"Chong Chen,Rajiv M Sastry,Leiyu Wang,Francesco Romano,Filippos Vingopoulos,Xinyi Ding,Ying Zhu,Ioanna Ploumi,Itika Garg,Kayla Nicole Nodecker,Selin S Gumustop,Shivesh Himanshu Shah,Augustine Bannerman,Katherine Overbey,Isabella Stettler,Cade F Bennett,Inês Laíns,Nimesh A Patel,Leo Kim,Demetrios Vavvas,Deeba Husain,Joan W Miller,John B Miller","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327641","url":null,"abstract":"AIMSTo investigate the association between optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers and contrast sensitivity (CS) measured by the quantitative contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) in retinal artery occlusion (RAO).METHODSThis cross-sectional study included RAO patients and age-matched controls undergoing visual acuity (VA), qCSF testing and spectral-domain OCT. Only eyes with VA≥20/200 were included for reliable CS evaluation. OCT quantified retinal layer thickness, ischaemic lesion size and distance from ischaemia to the fovea. Linear regression analyses were performed.RESULTS27 RAO eyes (17 branch RAO (BRAO), 63%) and 48 control eyes were included. All qCSF metrics were significantly reduced in RAO and central RAO compared with controls (p≤0.012). In BRAO, AULCSF and low spatial frequency CS (1-6 cycles per degree (CPD)) were significantly lower than controls (p≤0.011), whereas VA showed no significant difference. Univariable regression analysis revealed inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness (0-3 mm) was significantly associated with VA and all qCSF parameters (p<0.05). Larger ischaemic areas and closer foveal proximity correlated with worse AULCSF, contrast acuity and high spatial frequency CS (6-18 CPD; p<0.05), but not VA. Multivariable regression confirmed INL (0-3 mm) thickness was associated with VA and CS at 3 and 6 CPD (p<0.05), and foveal proximity with CS at 18 CPD (p=0.045).CONCLUSIONSqCSF shows strong correlations with INL thickness and ischaemia metrics in RAO eyes, supporting it as a valuable complementary functional measure to VA, and a meaningful clinical endpoint in RAO evaluation, particularly in foveal-sparing cases.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for timely prevention in thyroid eye disease: lessons from the IrTED registry","authors":"Nasser Karimi, Shadi Akbarian, Hossein Ghahvehchian, Bahareh Kermani, Atefeh Mahdian Rad, Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327392","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study aims to determine factors contributing to the delayed identification and treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED) and ultimately provide recommendations for earlier identification of patients in need of care. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional data from patients in the Iranian TED (IrTED) registry, presented to Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran (March 2013–2023), were studied. Demographics, clinical indices of activity and severity and factors associated with delayed presentation were examined. Results Among 685 patients with TED, the mean diagnosis age was 37.79 years. A positive family history of thyroid dysfunction was reported by 37.66% (first-degree), 10.65% (second-degree) and 10.07% (both). According to the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy criteria, 56.49% had moderate-to-severe, 38.10% had mild, and 5.40% had sight-threatening TED. 59 patients were classified as active due to the recent onset of diplopia or proptosis, despite having an activity score of 1 or 2. Men were five times more likely to have active TED than women and 10-fold more likely to have sight-threatening TED. For every one-decade increase in age, the odds of having active TED and experiencing sight-threatening TED rise by approximately 72% and 96%, respectively. Conclusion Given the potential for targeted interventions such as smoking cessation, identifying high-risk relatives of thyroid dysfunction cases could help minimise disease progression and associated complications (primary prevention). Men and elderly patients are more likely to experience delayed diagnosis, leading to more severe presentations of TED (secondary prevention). Approximately one-fourth of patients had active TED, requiring anti-inflammatory treatment. However, the Clinical Activity Score threshold of 3 did not detect 34.91% of these active cases (tertiary prevention). All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of glaucoma surgery on recurrence rate in cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis.","authors":"Myoung Hee Park,Yong Sun Ahn,SooJi Jeon,Sung Eun Kim,Su Jin Lim,Ji Young Lee,Jin A Choi,Min Ho Kim","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327446","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND/AIMSIn cytomegalovirus-induced anterior uveitis (CMV-AU), frequent recurrences are the primary cause of glaucomatous damage and corneal endothelial cell loss, yet factors influencing such recurrences remain unclear. Our study aims to investigate the impact of glaucoma surgery (GS) on recurrence rate in patients with CMV-AU.METHODSThis retrospective study included 149 immunocompetent patients with CMV-AU treated with antiviral medication following PCR confirmation. Patients were divided into two groups: the surgery group, consisting of individuals who underwent GS (glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS) or glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation), and the medication group, comprising those managed with antiviral therapy alone. Recurrence rates, expressed as episodes per person-year (PY), were documented in the year prior to treatment initiation (from the symptoms onset to treatment start) and those occurring during or after treatment until the end of the follow-up period.RESULTSThe median follow-up time was 29 months, with a total of 358 person-years (PYs) of follow-up. In the surgery group (n=24), 18 patients (75%) underwent GFS as initial GS, of whom 6 (33.3%) required additional GDD surgery within 1 year due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure. Recurrence rate dropped from 2.39 to 0.54 PYs in the surgery group (n=24), representing a 77.4% reduction (p=0.001). The medication group (n=125) saw a reduction from 2.92 to 1.20 PYs (58.9% reduction; p<0.001). Overall, recurrence rates were 0.45 times lower in the surgery group compared with the medication group (p<0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a longer time to first recurrence in the surgery group (48.3 vs 20.5 months; p=0.006); however, corneal endothelial cell density decreased from 1801±629.5 cells/mm2 to 1522.9±715.8 cells/mm2 in the surgery group (p=0.046).CONCLUSIONGS significantly reduced recurrence rate by 77.4% in patients with CMV-AU.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporary silicone oil tamponade for persistent macular holes: a multicentre study","authors":"Verena Schöneberger, Thea Hofmann, Jeany Q Lammert, Leonie Menghesha, Frank G Holz, Nicolas Feltgen, Friederike Schaub, Tim U Krohne","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326582","url":null,"abstract":"Background Persistent full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) following primary surgery represent a therapeutic challenge. Various surgical treatment approaches have been proposed. This study evaluates anatomical and functional outcomes of a temporary silicone oil tamponade in persistent FTMH in a larger cohort. Methods In a retrospective multicentre study, we included consecutive patients with persistent FTMH following vitrectomy with inner limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade who were treated by a temporary silicone oil tamponade. FTMH morphology in optical coherence tomography, minimum linear diameter (MLD), closure rate and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change were assessed. Results A total of 102 eyes of 102 consecutive patients were included. Median duration of silicone oil tamponade was 16.6 weeks (interquartile range (IQR) 12.0–22.1). Closure of the macular hole (flat/closed configuration) was achieved in 92.2% of eyes. Median BCVA improved significantly from 1.00 logMAR (IQR 0.70–1.15) to 0.70 logMAR (IQR 0.49–1.00; p<0.0001). Mean preoperative MLD was 460.7 µm (±194.2; range 136–1016), with significantly higher MLD in eyes with unsuccessful (614.4 µm±250.4) compared with successful (446.9 µm±183.9; p=0.019) silicone oil treatment. Conclusion Treatment of persistent FTMH with a temporary conventional silicone oil tamponade without retinal manipulation or postoperative positioning results in a high anatomical success rate and significant mean BCVA improvement. Success rate decreases with higher FTMH size. Data are available upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Glaucoma Society - Terminology and guidelines for glaucoma, 6th Edition.","authors":"Marta Pazos, Carlo E Traverso, Ananth Viswanathan","doi":"10.1136/bjophthalmol-2025-egsguidelines","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bjophthalmol-2025-egsguidelines","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We practice medicine in times of exponentially increasing medical knowledge. In 1950, it was estimated that the doubling time was 50 years; by 1980, it was 7 years and by 2010, 3.5 years. In 2020, it was projected to be just 73 days! To continue to practice evidence-based medicine and to provide the best possible care for our patients, clinicians need to adapt their strategies to keep their knowledge up to date. There will always be a role for critical appraisal of individual studies in the field of a clinician's practice, but with such an increase in the volume of published research, it becomes impossible to appraise all relevant material. For this reason, sources of distilled knowledge, such as the EGS Guidelines, become essential references for best practice medicine.\u0000Rigorous methods for evidence synthesis, such as the systematic reviews overseen by Cochrane, provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge for important clinical questions. However, for many clinical uncertainties, there is little or no high-quality evidence, let alone an evidence synthesis. Where evidence is lacking, practice guidance needs to be built from expert opinion and consensus, while acknowledging the limitations of such an approach. Expert opinion, derived from sound medical knowledge and years of practice experience, also has an important role in understanding the relevance of lines of evidence and the nuances of implementing them in practice. Thus, the expert commentary around the evidence base given in these Guidelines is essential for proper implementation of published evidence. Importantly, the EGS Guidelines also include 'Choosing wisely' elements indicating actions which should be avoided due to insufficient evidence and/or unsubstantiated belief.\u0000Guidelines need regular updating to take account of new knowledge and aspects of clinical care that have not been given sufficient emphasis in the past. This 6th Edition of the EGS Guidelines includes an updated 'evidence based' section with new clinical questions and evidence-based answers. The section 'What matters to patients' has also been updated, recognising that, because Guidelines are typically written by clinicians for clinicians, there have been gaps in understanding the patient perspective. The updated section now has direct input from the Expert by Experience patient advisors in the EGS Patient Involvement Project and includes eight Tips for Doctors in their communication with patients.\u0000The Guidelines team, led by Drs Pazos, Traverso and Viswanathan, is to be congratulated for the 6th Edition of the Guidelines, updating and enhancing the previous edition, while maintaining the highly success format which gives a framework for glaucoma care, based on evidence synthesis and consensus expert opinion, and presented as a 'How to' manual for patient diagnosis and management.\u0000David (Ted) Garway-Heath\u0000Glaucoma UK Professor of Ophthalmology, UCL</p>","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"109 Suppl 1","pages":"1-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive changes and higher-order aberrations after Müller muscle conjunctival resection: a prospective clinical study","authors":"Metehan Simsek, Ilker Hosver, Mehmet Goksel Ulas, Ayse Cetin Efe, Fatma Poslu Karademir, Selvihan Sagdic Ozcelik, Ismail Diri, Muhittin Taskapili","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2025-327822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327822","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To evaluate postoperative changes in corneal topographic parameters and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) following Müller muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) in patients with mild-to-moderate ptosis. Methods This prospective clinical study included patients who underwent MMCR after a positive phenylephrine test and with good levator function who were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), margin reflex distance 1 and corneal parameters (flat meridian, steep meridian, simulated keratometry, maximum keratometry), along with HOAs including coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrifoil, were assessed at week 1, month 1 and month 3. Results A total of 50 eyes from 50 patients were included in the study. BCVA showed mild deterioration at week 1 but returned to baseline by month 3. At postoperative week 1, lagophthalmos was observed in 12% and superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) in 14% of eyes; both resolved completely by month 1. Eyes with SPK showed significantly greater changes in trefoil compared with those without (p=0.01 and p=0.03 for 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters, respectively). A significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative coma (p=0.04) and secondary astigmatism (p=0.03) values; however, these parameters returned to baseline levels by the third month postoperatively. Surgical success was achieved in 92% of cases. Undercorrection was seen in 6% and overcorrection in 2%, with no functional or cosmetic issues. Conclusion MMCR may cause corneal topographic changes during the early postoperative period. However, these changes appear transient, and MMCR remains a visually safe and refractively stable surgical option for suitable ptosis patients. Data are available upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triptolide alleviates pathological neovascularisation in oxygen-induced retinopathy via inhibiting the inflammation mediated by NF-κB pathway","authors":"Xiaoyan Liu, Chenyang Zhao, Hui Yang, Jiaxing Huang, Qian Zhou, Zhi Zhang, Xingran Li, Peizeng Yang, Shengping Hou","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326932","url":null,"abstract":"Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), triggers a series of vascular lesions and inflammatory responses and results in visual impairment or even blindness. Triptolide (TP) possesses many pharmacological properties, including immunosuppressive and anti-tumour effects. However, the effects of TP on ROP and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Purpose To investigate whether TP could inhibit the progression of OIR and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Methods The 7-day-old mice (P7) were kept in a 75% hyperoxia incubator for 5 days to induce an OIR model, followed by TP treatment for 5 days. Biomedical analysis and histopathological examinations of harvested retinas were conducted to explore the effect of TP. Furthermore, the impact of TP on retinal neovascularisation and microglial activation was validated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human microglial clone 3 cells (HMC3s). Results TP treatment could significantly alleviate retinal pathological neovascularisation by inhibiting microglial activation. It downregulated the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor-α, Cox2 and interleukin (IL)-1β) and angiogenesis-related factors (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A) in OIR retinas and hypoxic HMC3s. HUVECs’ migration, proliferation and tube-forming capacities were also markedly suppressed under TP treatment. Further analysis suggested that TP exerted its anti-angiogenic effect in a way similar to NF-κB inhibitor (BAY117082). Conclusion TP alleviates pathological neovascularisation in OIR, potentially through the inhibition of inflammation mediated by NF-κB pathway. Data are available upon reasonable request. On reasonable request, the corresponding authors will provide the data that underpins the study's conclusions.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Vision Centres on achieving universal eye health coverage: prevalence, coverage and utilisation of eye care services in Southern India","authors":"Vinoth Kumar Rajendran, Ramalakshmi Raman, Ashok Vardhan, Sachin Gupta, Abhinaya Bharath, Thulasiraj D Ravilla","doi":"10.1136/bjo-2024-326637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326637","url":null,"abstract":"Background The Vision Centre (VC) model evolved to meet primary eye care needs in rural and underprivileged communities, overcoming workforce and resource challenges. Despite over two decades of operation, its impact is not well-documented. We evaluated its effectiveness by comparing prevalence of visual impairment (VI), eyecare utilisation and service coverage among residents within and beyond a 5 km radius of VCs in Theni district, India. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in Theni district, Tamil Nadu, from 2016 to 2018. Using cluster random sampling, we examined 7127 subjects aged ≥40 years. We categorised them into Group 1 (living within 5 km of VC) and Group 2 (living beyond 5 km). We compared the prevalence of VI, utilisation, cataract surgical coverage (CSC), effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC), refractive error coverage (REC) and effective refractive error coverage (eREC) between the groups. Results Group 1 (n=3128) had lower age-sex-adjusted prevalence of VI (18.1% vs 25.2%) and higher eye care utilisation (66.7% vs 52.3%) compared with Group 2 (n=3999). Additionally, Group 1 demonstrated better CSC (63.9% vs 55.0%) and eCSC (44.8% vs 32.6%) than Group 2. REC for distance vision was 49.7% in Group 1 and 26.6% in Group 2, while eREC was 47.9% and 24.5%, respectively. Near vision coverage was 22.1% in Group 1 and 12.5% in Group 2. Conclusion VCs greatly enhance eye care in rural and underserved areas. Residents near VCs had lower prevalence of VI, higher utilisation and better coverage compared with those farther away, demonstrating the model’s effectiveness in improving eye care access and affordability. Data are available upon reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.","PeriodicalId":9313,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}