British journal of psychology最新文献_第3页

Individual differences in the evolution of causal illusions. 因果幻觉进化中的个体差异。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12754

J Garecía-Arch, J Rodríguez-Ferreiro, I Barberia

{"title":"Individual differences in the evolution of causal illusions.","authors":"J Garecía-Arch, J Rodríguez-Ferreiro, I Barberia","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12754","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we investigated individual differences in the formation and persistence of causal illusions. In a re-analysis of existing data, we identified two clusters of participants - persistent and adjusting - based on their trajectories in learning from repeated exposure to null contingencies. The persistent cluster maintained stable causal illusions, while the adjusting cluster demonstrated a reduction over time. This re-analysis provided a nuanced understanding of individual differences in causal learning, emphasizing the differential role of probability estimations in predicting causal judgements. These findings were replicated in a subsequent study, highlighting the robustness of the identified effects. In a pre-registered study, we extended the paradigm to include a second phase (active phase) to assess how individual differences in causal illusion trajectories in the passive phase would manifest when participants had agency in the information gathering process. The results were consistent with those of the two previous studies and confirmed our primary hypothesis that the adjusting cluster would exhibit a lower tendency to introduce the candidate cause on learning trials, and would, therefore, observe a higher frequency of cause-absent trials. Together, these studies provide comprehensive insights into the underpinnings of causal illusion development and persistence, potentially informing de-biasing interventions.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computers and chess masters: The role of AI in transforming elite human performance. 计算机和象棋大师：人工智能在改变精英人类表现中的作用。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12750

Merim Bilalić, Mario Graf, Nemanja Vaci

{"title":"Computers and chess masters: The role of AI in transforming elite human performance.","authors":"Merim Bilalić, Mario Graf, Nemanja Vaci","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12750","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made significant strides in recent years, often supplementing rather than replacing human performance. The extent of their assistance at the highest levels of human performance remains unclear. We analyse over 11.6 million decisions of elite chess players, a domain commonly used as a testbed for AI and psychology due to its complexity and objective assessment. We investigated the impact of two AI chess revolutions: the first in the late 1990s with the rise of powerful PCs and internet access and the second in the late 2010s with deep learning-powered chess engines. The rate of human improvement mirrored AI advancements, but contrary to expectations, the quality of decisions mostly improved steadily over four decades, irrespective of age, with no distinct periods of rapid improvement. Only the youngest top players saw marked gains in the late 1990s, likely due to better access to knowledge and computers. Surprisingly, the recent wave of neural network-powered engines has not significantly impacted the best players - at least, not yet. Our research highlights AI's potential to enhance human capability in complex tasks, given the right conditions, even among the most elite performers.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceiving visual events uses optical information that reflects dynamics rather than resembles appearance 感知视觉事件使用反映动态的光学信息，而不是类似于外观。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12752

Huiyuan Zhang, Geoffrey P. Bingham, Jing Samantha Pan

{"title":"Perceiving visual events uses optical information that reflects dynamics rather than resembles appearance","authors":"Huiyuan Zhang, Geoffrey P. Bingham, Jing Samantha Pan","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12752","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12752","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the optical information for visual event perception. Events are objects in motion, with properties like shape, weight and surface material influencing the dynamics that shape movements and optics. The progressive transformation of visible textures, known as visual kinaesthetic information, specifies movements and objects. Four experiments tested whether events could be perceived using only visual kinaesthetic information. Participants identified their own walking from point-light displays (Experiment 1), from simulated environmental texture transformations as a result of their walking (Experiment 2), and from videos shot by a head-mounted camera during outdoor walking (Experiment 3); and distinguishing strangers from footages captured by their head-mounted cameras (Experiment 4). In Experiments 2–4, the displays did not resemble the outline of a person or look like walking but revealed the physical relations between the walker and the environment as a result of their movement. Regardless, participants were able to recognize themselves and distinguish strangers. Thus, observers are able to perceive events using visual kinaesthetic information that stems from dynamics. The one-to-one correspondences between object property, dynamics, kinematics and optical information are governed by the laws of physics, and unaffected by the event's appearance or viewing perspectives.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"250-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial Acknowledgement 编辑致谢。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12748

引用次数: 0

Involuntary remembering and ADHD: Do individuals with ADHD symptoms experience high volumes of involuntary memories in everyday life? 非自主记忆与多动症：有多动症症状的人在日常生活中会有大量的非自主记忆吗？

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12749

John H. Mace, Assegedetch HaileMariam, Jian Zhu, Natalie Howell

{"title":"Involuntary remembering and ADHD: Do individuals with ADHD symptoms experience high volumes of involuntary memories in everyday life?","authors":"John H. Mace, Assegedetch HaileMariam, Jian Zhu, Natalie Howell","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12749","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12749","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous mind wandering has been implicated as a feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and researchers have wondered if spontaneous remembering is also a feature of ADHD. In this study, we compared spontaneous cognition, principally involuntary autobiographical memories, in participants who scored inside the ADHD range on BAARS-IV to those who scored outside of the ADHD range. In Study 1, participants reported their involuntary memories and spontaneous thoughts on a laboratory measure of involuntary memory (the vigilance task), as well as estimated their daily involuntary memory frequencies on a separate questionnaire. The results showed that ADHD range participants did not differ from non-ADHD range participants in reports of involuntary memories and spontaneous thoughts on the vigilance task, but ADHD range participants estimated higher daily involuntary memory frequencies than non-ADHD range participants on the questionnaire. Additionally, on the questionnaire, ADHD participants reported that their involuntary memories were less positive and more repetitive than non-ADHD participants. In Study 2, participants recorded their naturally occurring involuntary memories in a structured diary for 48 hours. The results showed that ADHD range participants had more involuntary memories than non-ADHD range participants, and they also reported that they experienced them as less positive.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"216-232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automated face recognition assists with low-prevalence face identity mismatches but can bias users. 自动人脸识别可帮助解决低发生率的人脸身份不匹配问题，但可能会使用户产生偏差。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12745

Melina Mueller, Peter J B Hancock, Emily K Cunningham, Roger J Watt, Daniel Carragher, Anna K Bobak

引用次数: 0

The role of surface and structural similarities in the retrieval of realistic perceptual events 表面和结构相似性在现实感知事件检索中的作用。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12747

Lucas Raynal, Evelyne Clément, Emmanuel Sander

{"title":"The role of surface and structural similarities in the retrieval of realistic perceptual events","authors":"Lucas Raynal, Evelyne Clément, Emmanuel Sander","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12747","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12747","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether structural similarities (i.e. abstract frames, e.g. once bitten twice shy) can prevail over surface similarities (i.e. contexts, e.g. restaurant) in driving the retrieval of realistic events involving dynamic, multimodal and perceptually crowded data. After watching an initial set of video clips, participants had to indicate whether a new video clip, that shared surface similarities with an initial event and structural similarities with another one, elicited a retrieval. The results of Experiment 1A showed that retrieval was more likely to be elicited by structural rather than by surface similarities. Experiment 1B confirmed that the surface similarities manipulated in this study were strong enough to elicit substantial retrievals when the competing structural match was neutralized. The pattern of results obtained in Experiment 1A remained unchanged when the number of unrelated video clips within the initial set was increased. The findings suggest that structurally based retrievals still prevail when familiar structures underlie realistic perceptual events. They open new perspectives regarding the settings that promote structurally based retrievals in educational contexts where unfamiliar principles are introduced.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"198-215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Daily effects of a brief compassion-focused intervention for self-compassion 以同情为重点的简短干预对自我同情的日常影响。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12746

Deanna Varley, Chase S. Sherwell, James N. Kirby

引用次数: 0

Inter-brain synchrony is associated with greater shared identity within naturalistic conversational pairs 脑间同步与自然会话对中更大程度的共同认同有关。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12743

Neal S. Hinvest, Chris Ashwin, Muhammad Hijazy, Felix Carter, Chiara Scarampi, George Stothart, Laura G. E. Smith

{"title":"Inter-brain synchrony is associated with greater shared identity within naturalistic conversational pairs","authors":"Neal S. Hinvest, Chris Ashwin, Muhammad Hijazy, Felix Carter, Chiara Scarampi, George Stothart, Laura G. E. Smith","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12743","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12743","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-brain synchrony occurs between individuals who feel connected socially, but how synchrony relates to felt connectedness under naturalistic social interaction has remained enigmatic. We hypothesized that inter-brain synchrony between naturally interacting individuals might be associated with the internalization of a social identity, a link between an individual's personal identity and the social group to which the individual belongs. A convenience sample of sixty participants were split into dyads and interacted naturalistically on a social task. Through mapping EEG oscillatory waveforms onto a conceptual model categorizing the formation of a social identity within a naturalistic conversation, greater inter-brain synchrony was observed in the emergent stage within the formation of a social identity compared to earlier stages, where a social identity was not present. We provide evidence for greater neural synchrony related to higher socio-psychological connectedness during the development of social identity under naturalistic social interaction.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"170-182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The differences in essential facial areas for impressions between humans and deep learning models: An eye-tracking and explainable AI approach. 人类与深度学习模型在面部重要印象区域的差异：眼球跟踪和可解释人工智能方法。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12744

Takanori Sano, Jun Shi, Hideaki Kawabata

{"title":"The differences in essential facial areas for impressions between humans and deep learning models: An eye-tracking and explainable AI approach.","authors":"Takanori Sano, Jun Shi, Hideaki Kawabata","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12744","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the facial impressions of attractiveness, dominance and sexual dimorphism using experimental and computational methods. In Study 1, we generated face images with manipulated morphological features using geometric morphometrics. In Study 2, we conducted eye tracking and impression evaluation experiments using these images to examine how facial features influence impression evaluations and explored differences based on the sex of the face images and participants. In Study 3, we employed deep learning methods, specifically using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM), an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) technique, to extract important features for each impression using the face images and impression evaluation results from Studies 1 and 2. The findings revealed that eye-tracking and deep learning use different features as cues. In the eye-tracking experiments, attention was focused on features such as the eyes, nose and mouth, whereas the deep learning analysis highlighted broader features, including eyebrows and superciliary arches. The computational approach using explainable AI suggests that the determinants of facial impressions can be extracted independently of visual attention.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0