British journal of psychology最新文献_第3页

The token undermining effect: When and why adding a small reward to a dated outcome makes it less preferred. 象征性破坏效应：何时以及为什么在过时的结果中添加小奖励会使其不那么受欢迎。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12758

Cheng-Ming Jiang, Li-Na Chen, Qian Luo, Wen Wang, Jing Zhou, Jia-Tao Ma

{"title":"The token undermining effect: When and why adding a small reward to a dated outcome makes it less preferred.","authors":"Cheng-Ming Jiang, Li-Na Chen, Qian Luo, Wen Wang, Jing Zhou, Jia-Tao Ma","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12758","url":null,"abstract":"The mere token strategy, which adds a small reward (token) to an option to increase attractiveness, is widely used in the consumer field. However, we conducted six studies that seek to confirm the 'token undermining effect', where adding a small token to a sooner and smaller reward (SS) paired with a later and larger reward (LL) decreases the preference for the SS. The results showed that the effect persists across various choice sets, participant populations, reward amounts, delays, outcome properties and regardless of whether the scenarios are incentivized. However, an important boundary condition was that the token must share the same nature as the original option. Furthermore, we used mouse cursor tracking methods to examine the underlying process of attention allocation and demonstrated that adding a small token to the SS leads individuals to allocate more attention to the magnitude dimension than to the delay dimension, ultimately decreasing their preference for the SS. Therefore, managers and policymakers should use the mere token strategy with caution as it could backfire.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping the maze: A network analysis of social–emotional skills among children and adolescents with social–emotional difficulties 绘制迷宫：有社交情绪困难的儿童和青少年社交情绪技能的网络分析。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12751

Ming Huo, Bo Ning

{"title":"Mapping the maze: A network analysis of social–emotional skills among children and adolescents with social–emotional difficulties","authors":"Ming Huo, Bo Ning","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12751","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12751","url":null,"abstract":"Developing social–emotional skills is crucial for all children and adolescents, particularly those experiencing social and emotional difficulties. This study used network analysis to identify the central skills and network association of different social–emotional skills and investigated how these networks differ between childhood and adolescence. Data were obtained from the 2019 Survey on Social and Emotional Skills by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Our study focused on the bottom quartile of participants aged 10 and 15 years, including 7737 and 7439 individuals from each age group. Optimism and cooperation consistently emerged as the central skills of social–emotional competence across both age groups. When comparing network structures, there was a significant difference between children and adolescents. The connectivity of social–emotional networks was stronger among adolescents, indicating closer skill associations. Understanding these developmental differences is important for educators and practitioners to more effectively support the social–emotional development of children and adolescents experiencing social–emotional difficulties.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"233-249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sounds of the future and past. 未来和过去的声音。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12753

David M Sidhu, Johanna Peetz

引用次数: 0

A challenge to identity: Identity processing style and moral injury. 对身份的挑战：身份处理方式与道德伤害。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12756

Kari E James, Blake M McKimmie, Fiona Maccallum

{"title":"A challenge to identity: Identity processing style and moral injury.","authors":"Kari E James, Blake M McKimmie, Fiona Maccallum","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12756","url":null,"abstract":"Moral injury is a potentially deleterious mental health outcome that can result from exposure to morally challenging events. Treatment of moral injury is currently hindered by incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Theories of adaptation posit that maintaining a coherent sense of self while realigning one's sense of self with reality aids in adaptation following a disruptive life event. Differences in identity processing style are thought to impact the extent to which an individual engages with the challenges of maintaining a coherent sense of self following identity-related challenges. However, little is known about how identity processing style relates to moral injury event-related distress. This study sought to investigate a hypothesized relationship between identity processing style and event-related distress as well as alternative outcomes including traumatic stress, depression and anxiety. Adults (N = 167) who had been exposed to a potentially morally injurious event were recruited online and completed validated measures of event-related distress, traumatic stress, depression, anxiety and identity processing style. There were significant positive associations between diffuse-avoidant processing and all mental health outcomes, no significant associations between informational processing and any mental health outcomes, and significant negative associations between normative processing and event-related distress and depression.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual differences in the evolution of causal illusions. 因果幻觉进化中的个体差异。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12754

J Garecía-Arch, J Rodríguez-Ferreiro, I Barberia

{"title":"Individual differences in the evolution of causal illusions.","authors":"J Garecía-Arch, J Rodríguez-Ferreiro, I Barberia","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12754","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we investigated individual differences in the formation and persistence of causal illusions. In a re-analysis of existing data, we identified two clusters of participants - persistent and adjusting - based on their trajectories in learning from repeated exposure to null contingencies. The persistent cluster maintained stable causal illusions, while the adjusting cluster demonstrated a reduction over time. This re-analysis provided a nuanced understanding of individual differences in causal learning, emphasizing the differential role of probability estimations in predicting causal judgements. These findings were replicated in a subsequent study, highlighting the robustness of the identified effects. In a pre-registered study, we extended the paradigm to include a second phase (active phase) to assess how individual differences in causal illusion trajectories in the passive phase would manifest when participants had agency in the information gathering process. The results were consistent with those of the two previous studies and confirmed our primary hypothesis that the adjusting cluster would exhibit a lower tendency to introduce the candidate cause on learning trials, and would, therefore, observe a higher frequency of cause-absent trials. Together, these studies provide comprehensive insights into the underpinnings of causal illusion development and persistence, potentially informing de-biasing interventions.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computers and chess masters: The role of AI in transforming elite human performance. 计算机和象棋大师：人工智能在改变精英人类表现中的作用。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12750

Merim Bilalić, Mario Graf, Nemanja Vaci

{"title":"Computers and chess masters: The role of AI in transforming elite human performance.","authors":"Merim Bilalić, Mario Graf, Nemanja Vaci","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12750","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made significant strides in recent years, often supplementing rather than replacing human performance. The extent of their assistance at the highest levels of human performance remains unclear. We analyse over 11.6 million decisions of elite chess players, a domain commonly used as a testbed for AI and psychology due to its complexity and objective assessment. We investigated the impact of two AI chess revolutions: the first in the late 1990s with the rise of powerful PCs and internet access and the second in the late 2010s with deep learning-powered chess engines. The rate of human improvement mirrored AI advancements, but contrary to expectations, the quality of decisions mostly improved steadily over four decades, irrespective of age, with no distinct periods of rapid improvement. Only the youngest top players saw marked gains in the late 1990s, likely due to better access to knowledge and computers. Surprisingly, the recent wave of neural network-powered engines has not significantly impacted the best players - at least, not yet. Our research highlights AI's potential to enhance human capability in complex tasks, given the right conditions, even among the most elite performers.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceiving visual events uses optical information that reflects dynamics rather than resembles appearance 感知视觉事件使用反映动态的光学信息，而不是类似于外观。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12752

Huiyuan Zhang, Geoffrey P. Bingham, Jing Samantha Pan

{"title":"Perceiving visual events uses optical information that reflects dynamics rather than resembles appearance","authors":"Huiyuan Zhang, Geoffrey P. Bingham, Jing Samantha Pan","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12752","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12752","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the optical information for visual event perception. Events are objects in motion, with properties like shape, weight and surface material influencing the dynamics that shape movements and optics. The progressive transformation of visible textures, known as visual kinaesthetic information, specifies movements and objects. Four experiments tested whether events could be perceived using only visual kinaesthetic information. Participants identified their own walking from point-light displays (Experiment 1), from simulated environmental texture transformations as a result of their walking (Experiment 2), and from videos shot by a head-mounted camera during outdoor walking (Experiment 3); and distinguishing strangers from footages captured by their head-mounted cameras (Experiment 4). In Experiments 2–4, the displays did not resemble the outline of a person or look like walking but revealed the physical relations between the walker and the environment as a result of their movement. Regardless, participants were able to recognize themselves and distinguish strangers. Thus, observers are able to perceive events using visual kinaesthetic information that stems from dynamics. The one-to-one correspondences between object property, dynamics, kinematics and optical information are governed by the laws of physics, and unaffected by the event's appearance or viewing perspectives.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"250-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial Acknowledgement 编辑致谢。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12748

引用次数: 0

Involuntary remembering and ADHD: Do individuals with ADHD symptoms experience high volumes of involuntary memories in everyday life? 非自主记忆与多动症：有多动症症状的人在日常生活中会有大量的非自主记忆吗？

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12749

John H. Mace, Assegedetch HaileMariam, Jian Zhu, Natalie Howell

{"title":"Involuntary remembering and ADHD: Do individuals with ADHD symptoms experience high volumes of involuntary memories in everyday life?","authors":"John H. Mace, Assegedetch HaileMariam, Jian Zhu, Natalie Howell","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12749","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12749","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous mind wandering has been implicated as a feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and researchers have wondered if spontaneous remembering is also a feature of ADHD. In this study, we compared spontaneous cognition, principally involuntary autobiographical memories, in participants who scored inside the ADHD range on BAARS-IV to those who scored outside of the ADHD range. In Study 1, participants reported their involuntary memories and spontaneous thoughts on a laboratory measure of involuntary memory (the vigilance task), as well as estimated their daily involuntary memory frequencies on a separate questionnaire. The results showed that ADHD range participants did not differ from non-ADHD range participants in reports of involuntary memories and spontaneous thoughts on the vigilance task, but ADHD range participants estimated higher daily involuntary memory frequencies than non-ADHD range participants on the questionnaire. Additionally, on the questionnaire, ADHD participants reported that their involuntary memories were less positive and more repetitive than non-ADHD participants. In Study 2, participants recorded their naturally occurring involuntary memories in a structured diary for 48 hours. The results showed that ADHD range participants had more involuntary memories than non-ADHD range participants, and they also reported that they experienced them as less positive.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"216-232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automated face recognition assists with low-prevalence face identity mismatches but can bias users. 自动人脸识别可帮助解决低发生率的人脸身份不匹配问题，但可能会使用户产生偏差。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12745

Melina Mueller, Peter J B Hancock, Emily K Cunningham, Roger J Watt, Daniel Carragher, Anna K Bobak

引用次数: 0