IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0334-2025

Rakesh Kodati, Narendra Kumar Narahari, Mahesh Tripasuri, Padmaja Kanne, Navatha Vangala, Paramjyothi Gongati

引用次数: 0

Bronchoscopic endobronchial valves. 支气管镜支气管内瓣膜。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0249-2024

Tugba Cosgun, Halit Yardimci, Çağatay Tezel

{"title":"Bronchoscopic endobronchial valves.","authors":"Tugba Cosgun, Halit Yardimci, Çağatay Tezel","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0249-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0249-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchoscopic endobronchial valves (EBVs) have emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to surgical lung volume reduction for patients with severe emphysema. Emphysema, a progressive lung disease associated with COPD, leads to hyperinflation of the affected lung and reduces respiratory efficiency. EBVs function by limiting airflow to diseased lung segments, causing atelectasis of the emphysematous lung, and allowing healthier lung regions to expand, thereby improving overall pulmonary function. Two primary EBV systems, Zephyr and Spiration valves, have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. The Zephyr valve has been associated with improved forced expiratory volume in 1 s, 6-min walk distance and quality-of-life metrics in patients with heterogeneous emphysema. Similarly, the Spiration Valve System has shown promising results, including sustained pulmonary function improvements and symptom relief. The success of EBV therapy depends on careful patient selection, including assessment of interlobar fissure integrity and collateral ventilation using imaging techniques and the Chartis system. Common complications include pneumothorax, valve migration and airway infections, necessitating careful monitoring and follow-up. Ongoing research aims to optimise patient selection, refine procedural techniques and investigate adjunct therapies. As evidence supporting EBVs continues to grow, these devices hold significant potential for improving the quality of life in patients with severe emphysema who are not candidates for surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"22 1","pages":"240249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12993746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is new in pleural infections? 胸膜感染有什么新进展？

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0038-2025

Ariel Kenig, Henny Azmanov, Nuha Alsharif, Islam Idais, Ruth Cytter Kuint, Fares Darawshy, Rottem Kuint

{"title":"What is new in pleural infections?","authors":"Ariel Kenig, Henny Azmanov, Nuha Alsharif, Islam Idais, Ruth Cytter Kuint, Fares Darawshy, Rottem Kuint","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0038-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0038-2025","url":null,"abstract":"The field of pleural medicine has seen significant advances in recent years, shaping both the current and future evaluation and treatment of pleural infection. Recent studies have demonstrated a continued rise in the prevalence of pleural infection and provide a more refined understanding of the risk factors associated with its occurrence. The increased use of point-of-care ultrasound and the identification of computed tomography markers have enhanced and expedited initial evaluation. Novel microbiological techniques are expanding our understanding of the diversity of causative pathogens and disease mechanisms, with potential implications for diagnostic strategies and antibiotic selection. Emerging studies are also exploring the feasibility of shorter courses of antibiotics. Meanwhile, novel blood and pleural fluid biomarkers are being increasingly studied for both diagnosis and prognostication. Furthermore, accumulating evidence on risk stratification is increasingly being published and used in clinical settings. The specific role, optimal sequence and patient selection for intrapleural enzyme therapy, surgery, and medical thoracoscopy is enabling a more personalised approach to treatment and may improve patient outcomes. These and other developments are discussed in this review, which presents a state-of-the-art overview of pleural infection management from the clinician's perspective, highlighting recent and anticipated advances.","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"22 1","pages":"250038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12993744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breathlessness presenting in a 74-year-old man: unravelling this complex clinical syndrome. 一名74岁男子出现呼吸困难：解开这一复杂的临床综合征。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0321-2025

Sheetal Chaurasia, Roshna Raju, Abhinav Raina, Anjana Raina Misri

引用次数: 0

An intriguing case of central airway obstruction: a diagnostic challenge. 一个有趣的中央气道阻塞病例：一个诊断挑战。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0246-2025

Muniza Bai, Saurabh Mittal, Karan Madan, Naren Chandra V, Aruna Nambirajan, Pawan Tiwari, Shubha Gadde Ravindra, Sherrin Jacob, Tejas Suri, Anant Mohan, Vijay Hadda

引用次数: 0

Decoding the "black-box": explainable artificial intelligence towards trustworthy advancement in respiratory medicine. 破解“黑盒子”：可解释的人工智能迈向可信赖的呼吸医学进步。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0318-2025

Guido Marchi

{"title":"Decoding the \"black-box\": explainable artificial intelligence towards trustworthy advancement in respiratory medicine.","authors":"Guido Marchi","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0318-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0318-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in respiratory medicine, offering potential advances in diagnostics, treatment guidance and patient monitoring. However, widespread clinical adoption remains limited due to the opaque \"black-box\" nature of many algorithms, which challenges clinicians' trust and hinders integration into routine practice. Explainable AI (XAI; methods and frameworks that render AI outputs interpretable and transparent) has emerged as a promising approach. By providing insights into algorithmic reasoning alongside predictive performance, XAI can support clinician evaluation, facilitate informed decision-making, and enhance accountability in patient care. This Viewpoint discusses the potential applications of XAI across respiratory medicine, highlighting its role in improving transparency, fostering clinician engagement and supporting integration of AI into clinical workflows. Beyond technical considerations, successful adoption of XAI requires cultural and educational shifts, including training programmes, interdisciplinary collaboration, patient engagement, and adherence to ethical and regulatory standards. XAI also holds potential in supporting shared decision-making, translating complex algorithmic outputs into understandable information for patients. By bridging advanced computational tools with clinical reasoning, XAI may help respiratory medicine move towards responsible, patient-centred and transparent AI implementation. Continued research, education, and collaboration are essential to realise its potential and ensure AI serves as a reliable partner in delivering high-quality respiratory care.","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"22 1","pages":"250318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12993742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary mycoses: a clinical perspective. 肺真菌病：临床观点。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0165-2025

Klara Verstappen, Cédric Bosteels, Eva Van Braeckel

{"title":"Pulmonary mycoses: a clinical perspective.","authors":"Klara Verstappen, Cédric Bosteels, Eva Van Braeckel","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0165-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0165-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary mycoses encompass a broad spectrum of pathogens, including filamentous moulds, dimorphic fungi and fungi with predominantly yeast-like growth forms. Susceptibility is driven by defects in T-helper (Th)1/Th17 immunity, neutrophil dysfunction and barrier disruption. Clinical presentation varies widely, ranging from asymptomatic colonisation to rapidly progressive, life-threatening disease, depending on host immune status and pathogen type. Radiological findings, particularly on high-resolution computed tomography, often provide critical diagnostic clues but are rarely pathognomonic. Although histopathological evidence remains the gold standard, advancements in complementary diagnostics are increasingly being integrated into clinical workflows. Broad-range fungal markers such as (1→3)-β-d-glucan can guide diagnosis, while both culture- and nonculture-based tests are warranted for further pathogen identification, each offering unique advantages and constraints. Management emphasises prompt, guideline-concordant therapy. Emerging antifungal agents and host-directed immunotherapeutic approaches offer promise against resistant or refractory disease. This review synthesises current knowledge on species-specific epidemiology, clinical manifestations, radiological features, diagnostic methods and therapeutic options for pulmonary mycoses, highlighting practical considerations for clinicians managing these complex diseases.","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"22 1","pages":"250165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12993748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silos to synergy: enhancing teamwork and capacity through interprofessional learning. 从竖井到协同：通过跨专业学习加强团队合作和能力。

IF 4.5

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0356-2025

Victoria Sobolewska, Sarah Galbraith

引用次数: 0

Psychological and emotional dimensions of living with lifelong recurrent pulmonary infections. 生活与终身复发性肺部感染的心理和情感维度。

IF 3.4

Breathe Pub Date : 2026-03-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0333-2025

Tanja Hedberg, Lucy Robinson

引用次数: 0

An unintended path, an unusual solution. 一个意想不到的路径，一个不寻常的解决方案。