BMJ Open Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Novel immunoinflammatory blood markers in Graves' orbitopathy: insights into activity and severity.","authors":"Mahdi Abounoori, Mohsen Pourazizi, Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli, Ozra Akha, Reza Jafari, Marzieh Movahedirad","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001744","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This prospective case-control study examined the novel immunoinflammatory markers obtained from blood counts of patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), Graves' disease (GD) and healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic data, white cell count parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW-to-platelet ratio (RDW/PLT), MPV-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPV/ALC), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were evaluated. The European Group on Graves Orbitopathy scale and Clinical Activity Score were used for clinical activity and severity assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GO group showed significantly higher mean MPV (p˂0.001) and MPV/ALC (p=0.03) than the GD group. The PLR (p<i>=</i>0.02), MPV/ALC (p<i>=</i>0.04) and SII (p<i>=</i>0.04) were significantly higher in the GO than healthy group. A significantly higher absolute neutrophil count (p=0.005), NLR (p=0.001), MPV (p=0.001), MPV/ALC (p=0.003), MPV/PLT (p=0.04), RDW (<i>p</i>˂0.001), RDW/PLT (p=0.02) and SII (p=0.01) as well as lower ALC (p=0.01) and PNR (<i>p</i>˂0.001) was observed in the active than inactive GO. Moderate to severe GO group had a significantly higher NLR (p=0.006), PLR (p=0.04), ELR (p=0.006), MPV (p=0.03), MPV/ALC (p=0.002), RDW (<i>p</i>˂0.001), RDW/PLT (p=0.02) and SII (p=0.03) as well as a lower ALC (p=0.01) and PNR (p=0.01) than mild GO.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MPV/ALC ratio and MPV levels may identify GD patients at risk of GO. The MPV, MPV/ALC, ALC, NLR, PLR, PNR, RDW, RDW/PLT, MPV/PLT and SII may help distinguish the GO activity and severity. However, the study's small sample size and single-centre design may limit the generalisability of the results. Furthermore, the lack of longitudinal follow-up precludes assessing marker evolution over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of automated machine learning in detecting fundus diseases based on ophthalmologic B-scan ultrasound images.","authors":"Qiaoling Wei, Qian Chen, Chen Zhao, Rui Jiang","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001873","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of automated machine learning (AutoML) models in detecting fundus diseases using ocular B-scan ultrasound images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ophthalmologists annotated two B-scan ultrasound image datasets to develop three AutoML models-single-label, multi-class single-label and multi-label-on the Vertex artificial intelligence (AI) platform. Performance of these models was compared among themselves and against existing bespoke models for binary classification tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The training set involved 3938 images from 1378 patients, while batch predictions used an additional set of 336 images from 180 patients. The single-label AutoML model, trained on normal and abnormal fundus images, achieved an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.9943. The multi-class single-label model, focused on single-pathology images, recorded an AUPRC of 0.9617, with performance metrics of these two single-label models proving comparable to those of previously published models. The multi-label model, designed to detect both single and multiple pathologies, posted an AUPRC of 0.9650. Pathology classification AUPRCs for the multi-class single-label model ranged from 0.9277 to 1.0000 and from 0.8780 to 0.9980 for the multi-label model. Batch prediction accuracies ranged from 86.57% to 97.65% for various fundus conditions in the multi-label AutoML model. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the single-label model significantly outperformed the other two models in all evaluated metrics (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AutoML models, developed by clinicians, effectively detected multiple fundus lesions with performance on par with that of deep-learning models crafted by AI specialists. This underscores AutoML's potential to revolutionise ophthalmologic diagnostics, facilitating broader accessibility and application of sophisticated diagnostic technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customised 96-ocular TaqMan (iCAM) microarray PCR card for rapid diagnosis of microbial keratitis.","authors":"Yunfei Yang, Ahmed Roble, Rashmi Deshmukh, James Myerscough, Martin D Curran, Madhavan S Rajan","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001948","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To validate the diagnostic performance of a custom 96-micro-organism TaqMan PCR card (iCAM) for microbial keratitis (MK) from a single corneal epithelial sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients over the age of 18 referred to Cambridge University Hospital with MK were recruited in this single-site prospective cohort study between September 2021 and January 2023. An ocular-specific, customised microarray card (iCAM) was constructed according to primer and probe nucleotide sequences developed in our department to detect bacteria, viruses, <i>Acanthamoeba</i> and fungi commonly implicated in MK using a single corneal epithelial sample. Part of the corneal epithelial sample was taken for conventional cultures per local protocol, followed by iCAM array. Microbial detection rate and positive predictive value (PPV) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>38 corneal epithelial samples from 32 patients with MK and 4 control samples from healthy participants were obtained from 36 consecutive patients. A causative microbe was isolated in 15/34 samples (44%) using the iCAM test, compared with 15 by conventional methods (44%). iCAM test processing time varied between 6 and 24 hours compared with up to 7 days for conventional tests. Combined, the microbial detection rate was 65%, with the correlation between methods at 62%. The iCAM test could detect all major micro-organism groups with 56% sensitivity and 60% PPV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The iCAM test can detect bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan organisms using one corneal epithelial sample. The limitations include small patient cohort size and reduced volume of available corneal epithelial sample when shared between the iCAM PCR test and conventional culture methods utilised in the study. A multicentre trial is being planned to validate the clinical impact of using iCAM test on accuracy of diagnosis, early institution of appropriate antimicrobials and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ISRCTN17422545.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in myopia prevalence among late adolescents in South Korea: a population-level study and future projections up to 2050.","authors":"Dongheon Surl, Yuri Seo, Jinu Han","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001748","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to provide updated prevalence estimates of myopia and high myopia among late adolescent men in Seoul, South Korea, and predict future trends up to 2050.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>This cross-sectional and population-level study includes late adolescent men of the same age who underwent a series of medical examinations at the Seoul Regional Military Manpower Administration between 2013 and 2022. The population with myopia and high myopia was estimated, and the prevalence for 2050 was forecasted. Associated risk factors and ocular disease status of the high myopia population were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the 10-year period, the prevalence of myopia and high myopia among late adolescent men in Seoul was 70.67% and 20.29%, respectively. Between 2013 and 2022, the prevalence of the myopia and high myopia has increased significantly (p<0.001 and 0.006, respectively). The annual growth rate for the prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 0.61% and 0.33%, respectively. Regression analyses predicted that by 2050, myopia and high myopia prevalence will reach 90.90% and 31.26% by linear regression, and 90.75% and 31.17% by non-linear regression, respectively. Risk factor analysis identified that a high education level was associated with a higher prevalence of high myopia. Retinal detachment was significantly more common among those with high myopia, while retinal dystrophy was less common.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a concerning trend of increasing myopia and high myopia prevalence, which is likely to reach 90.90% and 31.26% by 2050, with significant future burden for public health and society.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal detachments secondary to inferior retinal breaks: anatomic outcomes following the use of different surgical techniques.","authors":"Enrico Bernardi, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Dmitri Artemiev, Martin Zinkernagel, Rodrigo Anguita","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001812","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone versus PPV with the addition of a scleral buckle in treating inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comparative, retrospective cohort study including patients who were diagnosed with primary inferior RRD, defined as RRD with one or more retinal tears located between 4 and 8 hours, and divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 patients were treated with PPV and gas tamponade alone, whereas group 2 patients were treated with PPV, gas tamponade and the addition of an encirclement band. Demographic and clinical features were collected, and surgical outcomes of both groups were analysed. A univariable logistic regression model evaluated the factors influencing surgical success.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 161 eyes were included in the study. The average age at diagnosis was 64.1 years. There was a male predominance (66.5%), and most patients had macula-off detachments (54%). Group 1 included 75 eyes (43.1%), whereas group 2 included 86 eyes (56.9%). Baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 1.00 logMAR, improving to 0.62 logMAR at the last visit (p=0.003). No significant difference in primary success rate was observed between the two groups (86.0% with encirclement band vs 80.0% without; p=0.3). The mean follow-up period was 29 weeks (SD 39).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPV alone may be as effective as PPV with an encirclement band when treating inferior RRDs. The choice of tamponade does not appear to significantly influence anatomical success, and short-acting gas can be considered sufficient for favourable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health economics of virtual versus face-to-face glaucoma clinics: a time-driven activity-based costing study.","authors":"Vishal Shah, Timothy L Jackson, Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, Joel Attlee, Obeda Kailani","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001800","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Staffing represents the most significant cost to the National Health Service, and ophthalmology is its largest outpatient specialty. Value-based healthcare (VBH) focuses on care processes. Innovative models include a shift towards 'virtual' glaucoma services. We used VBH costing methodology to quantify personnel costs of virtual and face-to-face (F2F) glaucoma clinics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Virtual and F2F clinics were process-mapped to produce step-by-step pathways of patients in each setting. Real-world timings were then audited, and time-driven activity-based costing was used to calculate the personnel cost-per-patient for both settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were captured from 24 consecutive virtual glaucoma patients and 42 consecutive patients across two F2F clinics. The capacity cost rates in £/min were £0.24 for technicians and £1.16 for consultants. The average time taken to acquire clinical data in the virtual pathway was 39 min per patient (95% CI 36 to 43, range 27-61) with 14 min (95% CI 13 to 14, range 12-20) for their remote consultant review. The estimated personnel costs associated with a single virtual glaucoma clinic visit totalled £25.60 (95% CI £23.72 to £33.52). The average time taken to be seen in the F2F clinic was 50 min (95% CI 42 to 59 min, range 12-123 min) with a personnel cost of £31.08 (95% CI £19.70-£42.43).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Staff costs associated with visits to the consultant-delivered virtual and F2F glaucoma clinics were similar (p value=0.14), supporting virtual clinics to provide service capacity. The main limitations were that our study involved a single site, small sample size and did not consider the severity of glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryoid body-based differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells into cells with a corneal stromal keratocyte phenotype.","authors":"Jie Chen, Qingjian Ou, Yifan Liu, Tingting Cui, Huimin Yang, Jiancen Tang, Lixia Lu, Guotong Xu, Hongping Cui, Caixia Jin, Qian Li","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001828","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The transparency of the cornea is determined by the extracellular matrix, which is secreted by corneal stromal keratocytes (CSKs). Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived keratocytes (hiPSC-CSKs) can be used in cell-based therapy for treating corneal blindness. Our goal was to develop an effective small molecule-based technique for differentiating hiPSCs into keratocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>hiPSCs were cultured in chemically defined medium, and embryoid bodies (EBs) were generated; these EBs were induced into CSKs using keratocyte-differentiated medium. The expression of keratocyte-specific markers was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the expression of genes encoding keratocyte markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), lumican and keratocan, was upregulated. Immunostaining showed positive staining for ALDH1A1 and keratocan in the hiPSC-CSK samples. Similarly, western blot analysis indicated that ALDH1A1 and keratocan expression levels were significantly greater in the hiPSC-CSKs than in the control cells. In addition, hiPSC-CSKs were not transformed into fibroblasts or myofibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We established an innovative and effective method to generate CSKs via the EB-based differentiation of hiPSCs, which might be employed for cell-based therapy of corneal stromal opacities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of choroidal vascular alterations in eyes with myopia using ultrawidefield optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Xiangcheng Tang, Jia Liang, Lishi Luo, Fanglan Yuan, Keming Zhao, Xiaohua Zhuo, Wangting Li, Jiantao Wang, Shaochong Zhang, Kun Zeng","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001839","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>The study aims to evaluate choroidal vascular changes in younger patients with myopia using ultrawidefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 724 eyes of 362 participants (177 males, 185 females, age: 32.43±6.20 years) underwent SS-OCTA imaging (24×20 mm). The eyes were divided into normal, low myopia (LM), moderate myopia (MM), high myopia and superhigh myopia groups according to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER). Changes in choroidal vascular thickness (ChVT) and density (ChVD) in nine grids of the fundus were analysed using the latest version of the built-in analysis software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Axial length (AL) showed a negative correlation with SER (<i>r</i>=0.822, p=0.000); ChVT and ChVD showed a negative correlation with AL (p≤0.001) in all nine grids. In group analysis, compared with normal eyes, myopia affects ChVT earlier than ChVD, as observed in the LM and MM groups, respectively. The decrease in ChVT was most evident in the macular grid (<i>β</i> = -34.20, p=0.000), whereas the decrease in ChVD was most evident in the optic disc grid (<i>β</i> = -2.19, p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Myopia has a significant impact on choroidal vascular structure, resulting in spatiotemporal differences. Using SS-OCTA with a new version of the built-in analysis software and a study with a larger sample cohort may aid in providing more authentic information on choroidal vascular changes in eyes with myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the application of artificial intelligence in age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Yundi Gao, Fen Xiong, Jian Xiong, Zidan Chen, Yucai Lin, Xinjing Xia, Yulan Yang, Guodong Li, Yunwei Hu","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001903","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in ophthalmology have been driven by the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI), especially in diagnosing, monitoring treatment and predicting outcomes for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide, and its increasing prevalence among the ageing population presents a significant challenge for managing the disease. AI holds considerable promise in tackling this issue. This paper provides an overview of the latest developments in AI applications for AMD. However, current limitations include insufficient and unbalanced data, lack of interpretability in models, dependence on data quality and limited generality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network-based hub biomarker discovery for glaucoma.","authors":"Min Li, Shunming Liu, Shuo Ma, Xianwen Shang, Xiayin Zhang, Ha Jason, Yu Huang, Katerina Kiburg, Ke Zhao, Guang Hu, Lei Zhang, Honghua Yu, Mingguang He, Xueli Zhang","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001915","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, the early detection of glaucoma remains challenging, as chronic forms of glaucoma remain largely asymptomatic until considerable irreversible visual field deficits have ensued. Thus, biomarkers that facilitate early diagnosis and treatment for glaucoma patients with a high risk of progression are pressing.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>Human disease-biomarker interactions network and human disease-target-drug interactions network were first constructed based on multiomics data. The greedy search algorithm was used to search for the hub biomarkers and drug targets for glaucoma. Genome-wide association studies and epidemiological data from the UK Biobank were used to verify our results. Biological network and functional analysis was conducted to find common network features and pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 10 hub biomarkers/drug targets for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for glaucoma. These results were verified by text mining and genomic/epidemiology data. We also predicted the new application of BMP1 and MMP9 to diagnose glaucoma and confirm the theory of hub biomarkers with multiple clinical applications. Further, relevant pivotal pathways for these hub biomolecules were discovered, which may serve as foundations for future biomarker and drug target prediction for glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have used a network-based approach to identify hub diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for glaucoma and detected relationships between glaucoma and associated diseases. Several hub biomarkers were identified and verified, which may play more important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}